ETennessee nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi agcina imithetho yelizwe, imithetho emitsha echasene nethiyori yobuhlanga ebalulekileyo ichaphazela izigqibo ezincinci kodwa ezibalulekileyo ezenziwa ngabafundisi-ntsapho yonke imihla.
Bhalisela iphephandaba lemihla ngemihla lasimahla laseChalkbeat eTennessee ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngezikolo zaseMemphis-Shelby County kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo karhulumente.
Umbutho omkhulu wootitshala eTennessee ujoyine ootitshala bezikolo zikarhulumente abahlanu kwityala elichasene nomthetho welizwe weminyaka emibini owawuthintela oko banokukufundisa malunga nobuhlanga, isini kunye nokucalucalulwa kweklasi.
Ityala labo, elifakwe ngoLwesibini ebusuku kwinkundla karhulumente yaseNashville ngamagqwetha eTennessee Education Association, lithi amagama omthetho ka-2021 akacacanga kwaye akahambelani nomgaqo-siseko kwaye isicwangciso sokunyanzeliswa kwelizwe sixhomekeke kuluvo lwaso.
Esi sikhalazo sikwathi imithetho yaseTennessee ebizwa ngokuba “yimithetho engavumelekanga” iphazamisana nokufundiswa kwezihloko ezinzima kodwa ezibalulekileyo eziqukwe kwimigangatho yezemfundo yelizwe. Le migangatho ichaza iinjongo zokufunda ezivunyiweyo yilizwe ezikhokela ezinye izigqibo zekharityhulam kunye novavanyo.
Eli tyala lityala lokuqala elichasene nomthetho welizwe ophikisanayo, owokuqala wohlobo lwawo kuzwelonke. Lo mthetho wapasiswa phakathi kokugxekwa ngabantu abagcina imithetho yelizwe ngokuchasene nokunyanzelwa kweMelika ukuba ilwe nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd ngo-2020 ngamapolisa amhlophe eMinneapolis kunye nemibhikisho yokulwa nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga eyalandelayo.
Ummeli we-Oak Ridge uJohn Ragan, omnye wabaxhasi bomthetho weRiphabliki, uphikise ngelithi lo mthetho uyimfuneko ukukhusela abafundi be-K-12 kwinto yena nabanye abenzi bomthetho abayibona njengeengcamango zentlalo ezilahlekisayo nezihlukanisayo malunga nesondo, njengethiyori yobuhlanga egxekayo. . Uphando lootitshala lubonisa ukuba esi siseko semfundo asifundiswa kwizikolo ze-K-12, kodwa sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimfundo ephakamileyo ukuphonononga indlela ezopolitiko kunye nomthetho ezikhuthaza ngayo ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga.
Indlu yoWiso-mthetho yaseTennessee elawulwa yiRiphabliki yawupasisa kakhulu lo mthetho kwiintsuku zokugqibela zeseshoni ka-2021, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ungenisiwe. URhuluneli uBill Lee wakhawuleza wawusayina waba ngumthetho, kwaye kamva kuloo nyaka iSebe leMfundo lelizwe layila imithetho yokuwusebenzisa. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukwaphulwa komthetho, ootitshala banokulahlekelwa ziilayisenisi zabo kwaye izithili zesikolo zinokulahlekelwa yimali karhulumente.
Kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala, umthetho wawusebenza, unezikhalazo ezimbalwa kuphela kwaye kungekho zigwebo. Kodwa uRagan uzise umthetho omtsha owandisa uluhlu lwabantu abanokufaka izikhalazo.
Isikhalazo sithi umthetho awuniki ootitshala baseTennessee ithuba elifanelekileyo lokufunda ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokuziphatha nokufundisa okungavumelekanga.
“Ootitshala bakule ndawo ingaqhelekanga apho singaziyo ukuba yintoni esinokuyenza okanye esingenakuyithetha kwigumbi lokufundela,” utshilo uKatherine Vaughn, utitshala onamava waseTipton County kufutshane neMemphis kwaye ungomnye wabamangali bootitshala abahlanu.” Kule meko.
“Ukuphunyezwa komthetho — ukusuka kubunkokeli ukuya kuqeqesho — akukho konke konke,” wongezelela uVaughn. “Oku kubeka ootitshala kwimeko enzima.”
Eli tyala likwathi umthetho ukhuthaza ukunyanzeliswa ngokungenasizathu nangokucalucalulayo kwaye uyaphula uLungiso lweshumi elinesine kuMgaqo-siseko wase-US, oluthintela naliphi na ilizwe ukuba "lihluthe nabani na ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomthetho efanelekileyo."
“Umthetho udinga ukucaciswa,” utshilo uTanya Coates, umongameli we-TEA, iqela lootitshala elikhokela ityala.
Uthe ootitshala bachitha “iiyure ezingenakubalwa” bezama ukuqonda iingcamango ezili-14 ezingekho mthethweni kwaye zikwigumbi lokufundela, kuquka nokuba iMelika “ingumntu ocalucalula ngokobuhlanga okanye ocalula ngokobulili”; “ithatha uxanduva” ngezenzo zangaphambili zabanye abantu bohlanga olunye okanye isini esinye ngenxa yohlanga lwabo okanye isini sabo.
Ukungacaci kwala magama kube nefuthe elibi kwizikolo, ukusuka kwindlela ootitshala abaphendula ngayo imibuzo yabafundi ukuya kwizinto abazifundayo eklasini, njengoko i-TEA ibika. Ukuze baphephe izikhalazo ezithatha ixesha kunye nomngcipheko wezohlwayo ezivela kurhulumente, iinkokeli zezikolo zenze utshintsho kwimisebenzi yokufundisa neyesikolo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, uCoats uthi ngabafundi ababandezelekayo.
“Lo mthetho uyawuthintela umsebenzi wootitshala baseTennessee ekuboneleleni abafundi ngemfundo epheleleyo nesekelwe kubungqina,” utshilo uCoates kwingxelo yabezindaba.
Ityala elinamaphepha angama-52 libonelela ngemizekelo ethile yendlela ukuvalwa kwesikolo okuchaphazela ngayo oko kufundwa ngabafundi besikolo sikarhulumente saseTennessee abaphantse babe sisigidi kwaye abakufundi yonke imihla.
“Kwisithili saseTipton, umzekelo, isikolo sitshintshe uhambo lwaso lwaminyaka le oluya kwiMyuziyam yamaLungelo oLuntu yeSizwe eMemphis ukuya kubukela umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo. Kwisithili saseShelby, umfundisi wekwayara oye wafundisa abafundi amashumi eminyaka ukucula nokuqonda ibali elingasemva kweengoma abaziculayo uya kuthathwa njengabantu abakhoboka.” ukwahlulwahlulwa okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho,” itsho ityala. Ezinye izithili zesikolo zisusile iincwadi kwikharityhulam yazo ngenxa yomthetho.
Iofisi yeRhuluneli ayisoloko ithetha ngamatyala angekagqitywa, kodwa isithethi uLee Jed Byers ukhuphe ingxelo ngoLwesithathu malunga netyala: “IRhuluneli isayine lo mthetho kuba wonke umzali kufuneka abe noxanduva lwemfundo yomntwana wakhe. Thembekani, bafundi baseTennessee. imbali kunye nezentlalo kufuneka zifundiswe ngokusekelwe kwiinyani kungekhona kwiingxelo zezopolitiko ezibangela ukwahlukana.”
ITennessee yayiyenye yezizwe zokuqala ukudlulisa imithetho yokunciphisa ubunzulu bengxoxo yeklasi malunga neengcamango ezinjengokungalingani kunye nelungelo labamhlophe.
NgoMatshi, iSebe leMfundo laseTennessee libike ukuba zimbalwa izikhalazo ezifakwe kwizithili zezikolo zasekuhlaleni njengoko kufuneka ngokomthetho. Le arhente ifumene izibheno ezimbalwa kuphela ngokuchasene nezigqibo zasekuhlaleni.
Enye yayivela kumzali womfundi wesikolo sabucala eDavidson County. Ngenxa yokuba umthetho awusebenzi kwizikolo zabucala, isebe ligqibe kwelokuba abazali abanalo ilungelo lokubhena phantsi komthetho.
Esinye isikhalazo safakwa ngumzali waseBlount County malunga neWings of the Dragon, inoveli ebaliswa ngokwembono yenkwenkwe yaseTshayina eyayifudukele kwelinye ilizwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Urhulumente wasichitha eso sibheno ngenxa yeziphumo zalo.
Nangona kunjalo, izikolo zaseBlount County zisasusile le ncwadi kwikharityhulam yebanga lesithandathu. Eli tyala lichaza umonakalo weemvakalelo owabangelwa lityala kutitshala oneminyaka engama-45 ubudala owayeneentloni ngenxa yeenyanga zetyala lolawulo ngenxa yesikhalazo somzali omnye malunga nencwadi yolutsha ephumelele amabhaso. Umsebenzi wakhe othi “In Danger” uvunyiwe liSebe leMfundo laseTennessee kwaye wamkelwe yibhodi yesikolo sasekuhlaleni njengenxalenye yekharityhulam yesithili.
Isebe likwalile ukuphanda isikhalazo esifakwe yiWilliamson County, emazantsi eNashville, emva nje kokuba umthetho uphunyeziwe. URobin Steenman, umongameli wengingqi yeFreedom Moms, uthe inkqubo yokufunda nokubhala yeWit and Wisdom esetyenziswa zizikolo zaseWilliamson County ngo-2020-21 "inesicwangciso esicalucalulo olukhulu" esibangela ukuba abantwana "bathiye ilizwe labo kwaye bayithiye" . kunye nabanye." / okanye bona ngokwabo.
Isithethi sithe isebe ligunyaziswe kuphela ukuphanda amabango ukususela kunyaka wesikolo ka-2021-22 kwaye likhuthaze uStillman ukuba asebenzisane nezikolo zaseWilliamson County ukusombulula iingxaki zakhe.
Amagosa eSebe awazange aphendule kwangoko ngoLwesithathu xa ebuzwa ukuba urhulumente ufumene ezinye izibheno kwiinyanga zakutshanje.
Phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wangoku, ngabafundi, abazali, okanye abasebenzi besithili sesikolo okanye isikolo esiqeshiweyo kuphela abanokufaka isikhalazo malunga nesikolo sabo. Umthethosivivinywa waseRagan, oxhaswe yiSenator Joey Hensley, eHornwald, ungavumela nabani na ohlala kwisithili sesikolo ukuba afake isikhalazo.
Kodwa abagxeki bathi olo tshintsho luya kuvula ithuba lokuba amaqela agcina imithetho efana neLiberal Moms akhalaze kwiibhodi zezikolo zasekuhlaleni malunga nokufundisa, iincwadi okanye izixhobo abakholelwa ukuba ziyaphula umthetho, nokuba azinanto yakwenza ngqo nezikolo. Utitshala okanye isikolo esinengxaki.
UMthetho weProhibition Concept wahlukile kuMthetho waseTennessee ka-2022, osekelwe kwizibheno ezivela kwizigqibo zebhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni, unika amandla ikhomishini karhulumente ukuba ithintele iincwadi kwiilayibrari zesikolo kulo lonke ilizwe ukuba izibona “zingafanelekanga kubudala okanye kwinqanaba lokukhula komfundi.”
Inqaku loMhleli: Eli nqaku lihlaziyiwe ukuze libandakanye izimvo ezivela kwiofisi yeRhuluneli kunye nomnye wabamangali.
Martha W. Aldrich is a senior reporter covering events at the Tennessee State Capitol. Please contact her at maldrich@chalkbeat.org.
Ngokubhalisa, uyavuma kwiNgxelo yethu yoBucala, kwaye abasebenzisi baseYurophu bayavuma kwiNgxelo yoThumelo lweDatha. Unokufumana unxibelelwano oluvela kubaxhasi ngamanye amaxesha.
Ngokubhalisa, uyavuma kwiNgxelo yethu yoBucala, kwaye abasebenzisi baseYurophu bayavuma kwiNgxelo yoThumelo lweDatha. Unokufumana unxibelelwano oluvela kubaxhasi ngamanye amaxesha.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-28-2023