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INTSHAYELELO AMABHUNGA OLAWULEYO AMABHUNGA OLAWULEYO KWI-UK saseIreland sifuna ukuba nabagqirha bamazinyo ukuba bafaneleke kwaye babe nolwazi, izakhono kunye neempawu zokubenza basebenze ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kweliso. Iindlela apho izikolo zamazinyo zinokwahluka kwaye zitshintshwe ziphendule iinguqu kulindelo lwamabhunga olawulo nemiceli mngeni kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye zisasaze ezona zinto zibalaseleyo zichazwe kuncwadi.
IINJONGO ZOKUSETYENZISWA KOPHANDO LOPHANDO Ukuchonga iindlela zokufundisa zeklinikhi kuncwadi olupapashwe, kubandakanya ubuchule, inkuthazo yokutshintsha, izinto ezinokuphembelela umgangatho kunye nomgangatho wokufundisa.
Iindlela. Indlela yokuphononongwa kwenkunkuma yayisetyenziselwa ukukhetha kwaye ihlalutye amanqaku angama-57 apapashwe phakathi kuka-2008 no-2018.
Iziphumo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nophuhliso lweendawo zokufunda ezibonakalayo ziququzelelene nezinto ezintsha ekufundiseni nasekuthatheni ukufunda ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuzimeleyo. Izandla zezandla ezikhoyo ziqhutywa kwiilabhoratri zeklinikhi isebenzisa iintloko ze-mannequin, kwaye ezinye izikolo zamazinyo nazo zisebenzisa i-SILATORS ENGCINA. Amava onyango afunyanwa kwiiklinikhi ezininzi kunye namaziko oqeqesho ahambahambayo. Amanani angonelanga abaguli abafanelekileyo, abaphumeleleyo amanani abafundi, kwaye kuchazwe i-faculting ye-faculty ixeliwe ukuba ichaphazele amava endlebe onyango.
Ukuqukumbela Uqeqesho lweZakhono zangoku zekliniki zeKliniki ivelisa abafundi abatsha ngolwazi olulungileyo lwethiyori, olulungiselelwe kwaye luzithembile kwizakhono ezisisiseko zeklinikhi, kodwa zinokusilela ekunciphiseni ngokuzimeleyo.
I-Draw ilutsho kwaye ibonisa ifuthe lezinto ezichaziweyo ekusebenzeni nasekuphunyezweni kwezakhono zeklinikhi yamazinyo efundisa kuzo zonke iindlela zokuqeqeshwa kweklinikhi.
Inani lezinto ezixhalabisayo zachongwa ngabachaphazelekayo ngokunxulumene neendawo ezithile zeklinikhi apho umngcipheko wokongamelanga.
Iluncedo kwabo babandakanyekayo kuphuhliso lweendlela zokufundisa kwinqanaba lesidanga sokuqala, kunye nabo babandakanyekayo kunxibelelwano phakathi koqeqesho lwaseburhulumenteni noqeqesho olusisiseko.
Izikolo zamazinyo ziyafuneka ukubonelela ngokuphumelela kunye nezakhono kunye nolwazi eziya kubenza baqhelane nobuchule, benobubele ngaphandle kweliso, njengoko kuchaziwe kwicandelo "lokulungiselela izinto". 1
IBhunga lamazinyo lase-Ireland linekhowudi yokuziqhelanisa echaza ulindelo lwalo kwiindawo ezininzi zeklinikhi. I-2,3,4,5
Nangona iziphumo zenkqubo yesidanga sokuqala kwisikhokelo ngasinye sichazwe ngokucacileyo, isikolo ngasinye samazinyo sinelungelo lokuphuhlisa ikharityhulamu yayo. Izinto eziphambili yimfundiso yethiyori esisiseko, ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezakhono ezisisiseko zezokunxibelelana nezakhono zomonde, kunye nokutshutshiswa kwezakhono zobuchule phantsi kweliso.
Uninzi lwakutshanje e-UK Faka iNkqubo yeminyaka enye ebizwa ngokuba uqeqesho olusisiseko, exhaswe yinkonzo yezempilo yeSizwe, apho asebenza khona kwisikolo esikhethiweyo phantsi kweliso lezemfundo (ngaphambili i-NHS ebizwa ngokuba ngumqeqeshi wemfundo esisiseko se-NHS kwi Inkqubo yokhathalelo oluphambili). Nceda). . Abathathi-nxaxheba baya rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezifunekayo zokufunda kwisikolo sikatitshala esisekhaya soqeqesho olongezelelweyo. Ikhosi yaphuhliswa liBhunga leDebrical kunye nabalawuli be-Pentistry yase-IK. Ukugqitywa kwale khosi kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha wamazinyo angenze isicelo senombolo ye-periolmerimer kwaye aqalise ukuziqhelanisa ne-GP okanye ujoyine inkonzo yesibhedlele kunyaka olandelayo.
EIreland, abagqirha bamazinyo abasandul 'ukuphuma banokuthi bangene kwi-GARD (GP) okanye izikhundla zesibhedlele ngaphandle koqeqesho olungaphezulu.
Injongo yale projekthi yophando yayikukuqhuba uphononongo loncwadi lokuphononongwa kunye nemephu yoluhlu lweendlela zokufundisa kwizakhono zekliniki kwi-UK nakwiiSikolo samazinyo e-Irish siye savela. Nokuba imeko yokufundisa iguqukile, iFakhalthi kunye neembono zomfundi zokufundisa, kwaye ukufundisa abafundi balungiselela njani abafundi ukuba baphile.
Iinjongo zolu phononongo zingezantsi zilungele indlela yophando. Uphengululo loqwalaselo sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokumisela ubungakanani okanye ubungakanani boncwadi kwisihloko esinikiweyo kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesishwankathelo sobungqina bezenzululwazi obukhoyo. Ngale ndlela, izithuba zolwazi zinokuchongwa kwaye ke zicebise izihloko zokuhlaziywa kwenkqubo.
Indlela yokuphononongwa kolu phononongo ilandela isikhokelo esichazwe ngu-Homsey kunye ne-O'malidley 7 kwaye ihlaziyiwe yiLevack et al. 8 Isakhelo siquka isikhokelo senyathelo lesithandathu esenzelwe ukukhokela abaphandi ngenqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokuphononongwa.
Ke ngoko, olu hlaziyo lwe-Scoping lubandakanya amanyathelo amahlanu: Ukuchaza umbuzo wophando (iNyathelo 1); Ukuchonga izifundo ezifanelekileyo (iNyathelo 2); Yenza iziphumo (iNyathelo 5). Inqanaba lesithandathu-uthethathethwano - ishiyiwe. Ngelixa i-levac et al. 8 Qwalasela eli nyathelo libalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuphononongwa kwenkunkuma kuba uphononongo lwabachaphazelekayo lunyusa ubugqwirha lwesifundo, eToksey et al. 7 Qwalasela eli nyathelo ukhetho.
Imibuzo yophando ichazwe ngokusekwe kwiinjongo zovavanyo, ezizokuhlolisisa oko kubonisiweyo kuncwadi:
Imbono yabachaphazelekayo (abafundi, ubuchwephesha bezonyango, abaguli) malunga namava abo okufundisa izakhono zeklinikhi kwisikolo samazinyo kunye nokulungiselela kwabo ukuziqhelanisa.
I-5 yedatha yogcino lwakhangelwa kusetyenziswa iqonga le-ovid lokuchonga amanqaku okuqala. Olu phando lophando lwepiloti lubonelele ngamagama aphambili asetyenzisiweyo kukhangelo olulandelayo. Khangela u-Wiley no-Eric (iplatiform (iplatiform) usebenzisa amagama aphambili "ezemfundo yamazinyo kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zeklinikhi" okanye "uqeqesho lwezakhono zeklinikhi." Khangela i-datha ye-UK Sebenzisa amagama aphambili "Imfundo yamazinyo kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zeklinikhi" okanye "uphuhliso lwezakhono zeklinikhi" okanye "iUniti yeKlinikhi" ye-Dendistry kunye nejenali yaseYurovist kunye nejenali yaseYurophu.
Iprotocol yokhetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetho lwamanqaku lungaguquki kwaye lube luqulathe ulwazi olulindelwe ukuba luphendule umbuzo wophando (iTheyibhile 1). Jonga uluhlu lwereferensi yenqaku elikhethiweyo lwamanye amanqaku afanelekileyo. Umzobo wePrisma kuMzobo 1 ushwankathela iziphumo zenkqubo yokhetho.
Imizobo yedatha yenziwa ukuba ibonakalise izinto eziphambili kunye neziphumo ezilindelekileyo ukuba zingeniswe kwiimpawu ezikhethiweyo zenqaku. 7 Izicatshulwa ezizeleyo zamanqaku akhethiweyo zaphononongwa ukuze zichonge imixholo.
Inani lamanqaku angama-57 ahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya ezichazwe kwi-protocol yokukhetha ikhethiwe ukubandakanywa kuvavanyo loncwadi. Uluhlu lubonelelwe ngolwazi olongezelelweyo lwe-intanethi.
La manqaku asebenza umsebenzi ngeqela labaphandi abavela kwizikolo zamazinyo ezili-11 (iipesenti ezingama-61 zezikolo zamazinyo e-UK nakwiIreland) (Fig. 2).
Amanqaku angama-57 ahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa kokuphononongwa kovavanyo ovavanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa zeklinikhi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi. Ngohlalutyo lomxholo wamanqaku, inqaku ngalinye lalihlelwa kwiloqeqesho elihambelanayo nelihambelana neklinikhi. Ngamanye amaxesha, amanqaku agxile kwimfundiso yezakhono zeklinikhi kwiloqeqesho elinye leklinikhi. Abanye bajonga izakhono zeklinikhi okanye iimeko zokufunda ezithile ezinxulumene neendawo ezininzi zeklinikhi. Iqela elibizwa ngokuba "ngabanye" limela uhlobo lokugqibela.
Amanqaku agxile kwizakhono zonxibelelwano zokufundisa kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela yokubonisa ukuba abekwe kwiqela "lezakhono ezithambileyo". Kwizikolo ezininzi zamazinyo, abafundi baphatha izigulana zabantu abadala kwiiklinikhi ezininzi ezilungisa zonke iinkalo zempilo yomlomo. Iqela elithi "lokhathalelo olubanzi" libhekisa kumanqaku achaza amanyathelo emfundo yeklinikhi kwezi seto.
Ngokwendlela yokuqeqeshwa kweklinikhi, ukuhanjiswa kwamanqaku angama-57 uphononongo kuboniswe kumzobo 3.
Emva kokuhlalutya idatha, izihloko ezintlanu ezitshixo zavela, nganye nganye ineempapasi ezininzi. Amanye amanqaku anedatha kwizihloko ezininzi, ezinje ngolwazi lokufundisa iikhonsepthi zethiyori kunye neendlela zokufundisa izakhono ezifanelekileyo zeklinikhi. Izihloko zemibono ngokuyintloko zisekwe kuphando olusekwe kwimibuzo ebonisa iimbono zamacandelo, abaphandi, abaguli kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo. Ukongeza, umxholo woluvo lunikezele 'izwi labafundi ababalulekileyo "kunye neekowuti ngqo kumanqaku angama-20 amele abathathi-nxaxheba abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-2042 (umzobo 4).
Ngaphandle kokwahluka kwezinto zokufundisa kwizifundo zonke, kukho ukungangqinelani kwindlela yokufundisa iingxolo zethiyori. Izifundo, iisemina, kunye noqeqesho kuthiwa zinikezwe kuzo zonke izikolo zamazinyo, kunye nabanye abamkela imfundo esekwe kwingxaki. Ukusetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji yokuphucula (okunokwenzeka) umxholo upentelo ngeendlela zokuphazamiseka ufunyenwe ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngokwesiko.
Ukufundisa kunikezelwa ngabasebenzi beklinikhi (abaphezulu nabasesikweni), iingcali ngokubanzi kunye neengcali zengcali (umz. Izixhobo eziprintiweyo zithathelwe indawo ziindawo ezinamaso kwi-intanethi apho abafundi banokungena khona izixhobo zekhosi.
Lonke uqeqesho lwezakhono zeklinikhi lweklinikhi kwisikolo samazinyo senzeka kwilebhu ye-phantom. Izixhobo zejikelezo, izixhobo zezandla, kunye nezixhobo ze-X-ray ziyafana nezo zisetyenziswayo kwikliniki, ukuze ukwazi ukufundela kwimozulu ye-Desges. Izakhono ezisisiseko zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zifundiswa kwiminyaka yokuqala neyesibini, ilandelwa ngu-Endodonics, ezilungiselelwe amaThoodontics kunye notyando lomlomo kwiminyaka elandelayo (yesithathu ukuya kweyesithathu ukuya kweyesithathu ukuya kweyesithathu ukuya kweyesithathu.
Imiboniso ephilayo yezakhono zeklinikhi ithathelwe indawo yezixhobo zevidiyo ezibonelelwa zizikolo zamazinyo ezibonakalayo (i-vles). I-faculty iquka ootitshala bezonyango baseyunivesithi kunye neengcali ngokubanzi. Izikolo ezininzi zamazinyo zifake i-SIRAET APHUS INDLELA.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono zonxibelelwano luqhutywa kwisiseko socweyo, usebenzisa abo bafunda nabo kunye nabadlali abathengiswayo njengabaguli bezonxibelelwano, nangona itekhnoloji yevidiyo isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye kuvumele abafundi ukuba bahlole ngokwabo ukusebenza.
Ngexesha lesigaba se-precinaical, abafundi bakhupha amazinyo kwi-thael's angeres yokuphucula imbonakalo.
Uninzi lwezikolo zamazinyo ziseke iikliniki ezininzi apho zonke iimfuno zonyango zifezekisiwe kwiklinikhi enye kunokuba zineeklinikhi ezininzi ezizodwa, ababhali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba yeyona mfuziselo ibalaseleyo yokuziqhelanisa.
Iisuphavayiza zeklinikhi zibonelela ngengxelo esekwe kwintsebenzo yomfundi kwiinkqubo zeklinikhi, kwaye ngokucingela okulandelayo kule ngxelo kungakhokelela ekufundeni kwezakhono ezifanayo.
Abantu abaphethe eli "sebe" basenokuba bafumana uqeqesho oluphumeleleyo kwicandelo lezemfundo.
Ukuthembeka kwinqanaba leklinikhi kuye kwathi kunikwa ukuphuculwa ngokusetyenziswa kweeklinikhi ezininzi kwizikolo zamazinyo kunye nophuhliso lweeklinikhi ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaziko okufikelela. Iinkqubo zokufikelela ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemfundo yabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo: Abafundi bokugqibela bachitha ukuya kwi-50% yexesha labo kwiikliniki zabo. Iiklinikhi zeengcali, iikliniki zamazinyo ezi-NHS kunye nokubekwa kwe-GP zabandakanyeka. Abaphathi bamazinyo bayahluka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwendawo, njengoko kusetyenziswa uhlobo lwamava obukufundiswa ngenxa yomehluko kwizigulana. Abafundi bafumana amava asebenza nabanye abasebenzi be-Agest kwaye bafumana ukuqonda okunzulu kweendlela zengaphakathi. Izibonelelo zebango zibandakanya inani labaguli abahlukeneyo nabalingane bamaziko ahlukeneyo athelekiswa neekliniki zamazinyo.
Izinto zokusebenza zenyani zenyani ziye zaphuhliswa njengezixhobo zeNtloko zeMveli zePintom zoqeqesho lwezakhono ezikhoyo kwinani eliqingqiweyo lezikolo zamazinyo. Abafundi banxiba iiglasi ze-3D ukwenza imeko yokwenene yokwenyani. I-coiautical audiovial kunye nezibalo eziphicotho zibonelela abaqhubi ngenjongo kunye nolwazi lwentsebenzo kwangoko. Abafundi basebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kuzo, ukusuka kwilungiselelo elilula le-cavity labaqalayo ukuba balungiselele kunye nokulungiselela ibhulorho kubafundi abaphambili. Izibonelelo zichaziwe ukuba zibandakanye iimfuno zolawulo ezisezantsi, ezinokuthi ziphucule imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ze-DUSTARISA.
I-Computer Action I-SIFROILY YINQAKU (CVRS) idibanisa iiyunithi ze-pintom ze-pintom kunye nezixhobo ezinekhamera kunye neekhompyuter zokwenza ubunyani bezinto ezintathu ezibonakalayo zoqeqesho olufanelekileyo kwisikrivelo.
Izixhobo ze-VR / ze-haptic zihambelana neendlela zemveli, kwaye abafundi baxele ukudityaniswa kwendibaniselwano yokubeka esweni kunye nengxelo yekhompyuter.
Uninzi lwezikolo zamazinyo zisebenzisa i-go ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukufikelela kwizibonelelo kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-intanethi kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okunxibelelana, njengezifundo, kunye nezifundo. Izibonelelo zeVle zixelwe ukuba ziqukethe ubukhulu bokuguquguquka kunye nenkululeko njengokuba abafundi banokubeka isantya sabo, ixesha kunye nendawo yokufunda. I-Intanethi Izixhobo ezenziwa zizikolo zamazinyo zabazali ngokwazo (kunye neminye imithombo emininzi yenziwa kuzwelonke kwaye kwilizwe jikelele) ziye zakhokelela kwi-jikelele yokufunda. Imfundo edla ngokudityaniswa kunye nokufunda ubuso bemveli (ukufunda okudibeneyo). Le ndlela kukholelwa ukuba isebenza ngakumbi kunendlela yedwa.
Ezinye iiklinikhi zamazinyo zibonelela ngelaphu ezivumela abafundi ukuba bafumane izixhobo zeVle ngexesha lonyango.
Amava okunika nokufumana ukugxekwa kukaNomamatic yonyusa indlela yokuzibandakanya. Abafundi baphawula ukuba baphuhlisa izakhono ezibonakalayo nezibalulekileyo.
Umsebenzi weqela elingafezekanga, apho abafundi baqhuba oomasifundisane besebenzisa izixhobo ezibonelelwe sisikolo se-vle bamazinyo, kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphuhlisa abaphathi kunye nezakhono zokusebenzisana ezifunekayo ukuze zizimele.
Uninzi lwezikolo zamazinyo zisebenzisa iiphothifoliyo (amaxwebhu enkqubela phambili) kunye neephothifoliyo ze-elektroniki. Iphothifoliyo enjalo inika ingxelo esesikweni yokufezekiswa kunye namava, inzulu yokuqonda ngokubonakalayo ngamava, kwaye yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuphuhlisa ubuchule kunye nezakhono zokuzihlola.
Kukho ukunqongophala okuxeliweyo kwezigulana ezifanelekileyo ukufezekisa imfuno yobungcali bekliniki. Iinkcazo ezinokubakho zibandakanya ukuhamba isikolo okungagungqiyo, abaguli abagula kakhulu, okanye akukho sifo, ukungahambelani ngonyango kunye nokungakwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo zonyango.
Iiklinikhi zovavanyo kunye novavanyo ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zandise ukufikeleleka kubaguli. Amanqaku aliqela aphakamisa inkxalabo yokuba ukusetyenziswa kweklinikhi kolunye unyango kunokubangela iingxaki xa abaqeqeshwa baseCent
Kukho ukuxhomekeka okukhulayo kwi-GDP yethutyana kunye ne-faculty yeklinikhi phakathi kwabasebenzi bezinto zokuziqhelanisa namazinyo, ngendima ye-faculty ephezulu yokungasebenzi kunye nobuchule beendawo ezithile zoMxholo wekhosi. Iyonke i-16/57 (28%) amanqaku okunqongophala kwabasebenzi beklinikhi kwinqanaba lokufundisa namankokeli.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-29-2024