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I-Intshayelelo yeklasi yeklasi yokufuduka (FC) ifomathi ifuna ukuba abafundi baphonononge izihloko ze-theoretical besebenzisa izixhobo ezibonelelwe kwangaphambili kwimfundiso yobuso yobuso. Injongo kukuba ngenxa yokuba abafundi baqhelene nolu phawu, baya kufumana okungakumbi kunxibelelwano lwabo nomhlohli. Le fom ibonakalisiwe ukwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi, ukusebenza kwemfundo, kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo, kunye nokukhokelela kwimpumelelo ephezulu yezemfundo.
Iindlela. Eli nqaku lichaza inguqu yekhosi yesicelo yamazinyo kunye ne-biolfial kwisikolo samazinyo e-UK evela kwifomathi yemfundo ye-hybrid ye-Sybrid FC kunyaka wokufunda ka-2019/2010, kwaye uthelekise ingxelo yomfundi ngaphambi nasemva kokutshintsha.
Ingxelo esesikweni nengasesikweni ifunyenwe kubafundi emva kotshintsho yayiqinisekile.
Ingxoxo fc ibonisa isithembiso esikhulu njengesixhobo samadoda kwindlela yokuqeqeshwa kweklinikhi, kodwa kufuna ukuqhubela phambili kobungakanani, ngakumbi ukulinganisa impumelelo yezemfundo.
Isikolo samazinyo e-UK simke ngokupheleleyo indlela eklasini yaseklasini (FC) yokufunda ngezinto zamazinyo kunye neebhayima.
Inkqubo ye-FC inokuhlengahlengiswa kwi-Asynchronous kunye neZifundo zeSynchronous ukuze zihlalise ngeendlela zokufundisa zokufunda ezihlanganisiweyo, ezichaphazelekayo ngenxa yeCovid-19 ubhubhane.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, uninzi lweendlela ezintsha zokufundisa zichaziwe kwaye zavavanywa. Indlela yamadoda amatsha ibizwa ngokuba "kwigumbi lokufundela" "(FC). Le ndlela ifuna ukuba abafundi bahlole imiba yethiyori yekhosi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinikezelweyo (rhoqo uqinile) ngaphambi kokufundisa ubuso ngobuso, ngenjongo yokuba abafundi baqhelene nokunxibelelana ne umhlohli. ixesha. Le fom ibonisiwe ukuphucula ukoneliseka kwabafundi1, ukufezekiswa kwezifundo, kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo2,3, kunye nokuphumelela okuphezulu kwezemfundo. I-4,5 Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokufundisa entsha kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ze-biomatery kunye nezikolo ze-biomate (b) ziphantsi kwezikolo zamazinyo e-UK. Injongo yesi sifundo kukuvavanya ukoneliseka kwabafundi ngekhondo eliphambi nasemva kokutshintsha kwemfundiso yethiyori njengoko kulinganiswa kwifom yovavanyo lwabafundi (i-fif).
Indlela ye-FC iqhele isebenzisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter, ke iintetho zisuswa kwiShedyuli kwaye zisiwe kwi-intanethi ngaphambi kokuba ootitshala baqale ukusebenzisa iikhonsepthi. Ukusukela oko kwaqalwa kwiZikolo eziphakamileyo zase-US, indlela ye-FC ixhaphake kakhulu kwimfundo ephezulu. I-FC indlela ye-FC iqinisekiswe iphumelele kwiiNdawo ezahlukeneyo zoNyango 1,7 nobungqina bokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nempumelelo kuyavela kumazinyo. 3,4,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8 Nangona iziphumo ezininzi ezihle zichaziwe ngokubhekisele kukwaneliseka kwabafundi, i-1,9 bubukho ubungqina bokuqala buyidibanisa nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemfundo. I-4,11,11 ye-meta yakutshanje ye-FC kwinani lezoluleko zempilo ezifunyenweyo ukuba ivelise iimfuno zomfundi ekufumaneni ezithelekiswa neendlela zokufunda eziye ziyixhase kakuhle intsebenzo yemfundo abafundi. 13.14
Kukho imiceli mngeni kwimfundiso yamazinyo malunga nezitayile ezine ezivunyiweyo ezichazwe ngobusi kunye neMumford 15 ephefumlelwe ngumsebenzi kaKolb. Itheyibhile ye-16 ibonisa ukuba ikhosi inokufundiswa njani kusetyenziswa indlela ye-hybrid fc yokulungiselela zonke ezi ndlela zokufunda.15
Ukongeza, esi sitayile sezifundo ezilungisiweyo kwalindeleka ukuba sikhuthaze ukucinga okuphezulu. Ukusebenzisa i-team ye-billlonomy 17 njengesakhelo, iintetho ezikwi-intanethi zenzelwe ukudlulisela ulwazi kunye nee tutorials zenzelwe ukuphonononga kwaye ziphuhlise ukuqondwa ngaphambi kokufumana isicelo kunye nohlalutyo. Umjikelo wokufunda kaKolb 18 ngumfundi omiselweyo wokufunda uthile ukuba usetyenziswe kwimfundiso yamazinyo, ngakumbi kuba sisifundo esisebenzayo. Ithiyori isekwe kwingcinga yokuba abafundi bafunda ngokwenza. Kule meko, amava ngamava okuxuba kunye nokuphatha iimveliso zamazinyo zichuma amava okufundisa, ukhulisa ukuqonda kwabafundi, kunye nokuqhekeza ukusetyenziswa kwesi sifundo. Abafundi banikwa iincwadi zomsebenzi eziqukethe izandla-kwizinto ezichaphazela ukufunda, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Kolb Umjikelo we-18 (umzobo 1). Ukongeza, oomasifundisane bokusebenzisana kwimfundo esekwe kwingxaki bongezwa kwinkqubo. Bongezwa ekufumaneni ukufunda ngokunzulu nokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babe ngabafundi abazimeleyo. 19
Ukongeza, le ndlela ye-HCBRID FC kulindeleke ukuba itshayele umsantsa phakathi kwezitayile zokufundisa nokufunda. Abafundi abangama-20 namhlanje basengozini yokuba beyinxalenye y. 11
Siqhagamshele kwiKomiti yokujonga iSikolo sezoNyango ukuze siqwalasele ukuba kufuneka uphicotho lwenkonzo. Isiqinisekiso esibhaliweyo safunyanwa ukuba esi sifundo sisifundo sovavanyo senkonzo kwaye ke ngoko imvume yokuziphatha ayifuneki.
Ukuququzelelwa kwenguqu kwindlela ye-FC, kulo mxholo wawujongwa njengento efanelekileyo yokwenza i-overal enkulu yekharityhulamu ye-ADM ne-B. Ikhosi ecetywayo ikhutshelwe okanye iphethwe ngamabali angama-22 yinkokeli yesifundo semfundo enoxanduva lwekhosi, eyahlulahlula zizihloko ezichazwe kwisifundo sakhe. Iintetho ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba "ziintetho," zahlengahlengiswa kwiindawo ezazifunwa ngaphambili zentetho kwaye zigcinwe njengemiboniso ye-PowerPoints, iMicrosoft Copport, e-Redmond, i-USA) inxulumene nesihloko ngasinye. Badla ngokufutshane, okwenza kube lula ukuba abafundi banikele kwaye banciphise impilo yokuphulukana nomdla. Bayakuvumela ukuba udale iikhosi zemodyuli zokutshintsha, njengoko ezinye izihloko zigubungela iindawo ezininzi. Umzekelo, izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuvota kwamazinyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amazinyo asuswayo kunye nokubuyiselwa ngokusisigxina, ezigutyungelwe kwizifundo ezibini ezahlukeneyo. Isibonelelo ngasinye esigubungele intetho yesiqhelo yabhalwa njenge-podcast usebenzisa irekhodi yevidiyo njengoko ifunyenwe isebenza ngakumbi ekugcinweni kolwazi kusetyenziswa iPanottto, eUSA23. Le podcts ifumaneka kwindalo yokufunda iYunivesithi (VLE). Ikhosi iya kuvela kwikhalenda yomfundi kunye nenkcazo-ntetho iya kuba kwifomathi ye-Microsoft Inc. Ifomathi yePowerPoint ngekhonkco kwiPodcast. Abafundi bayakhuthazeka ukuba babukele i-podcles yokucebisa, ebavumela ukuba bagqabaza ngamanqaku okanye babhale phantsi nayiphi na imibuzo ezokucinga ngengqondo ngelo xesha. Emva kokukhutshwa kweSilayidi seZiboniso kunye nePodcasts, ifuna iiklasi ezongezelelweyo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla zicwangcisiwe. Abafundi bacetyiswe ngumnxibelelanisi wekhosi ukuba badinga ukuphonononga iintetho ngaphambi kokuba baye kwizifundo kunye nezixhobo ukuze bafumane i-National Counts, kwaye oku kurekhodwa kwincwadana yemigaqo.
Ezi tutorial zithatha intetho yexesha langaphambili kwaye zinikezelwa ngaphambi kweeseshoni ezifanelekileyo. Ootitshala baququzelela ukufundisa ngokuphendula ukufundisa ukuze kulungele iimfuno zabo zokufunda. Ikwabonelela ngamathuba okuqaqambisa amanqaku aphambili, ulwazi lovavanyo kunye nokuqonda, ukunika iingxoxo zabafundi, kunye nokwenza lula imibuzo. Olu hlobo lokusebenzisana loontanga lubonisiwe ukukhuthaza ukuqonda okuqinisekileyo kwengqondo. 11 UGali et al 24 wafumanisa ukuba, ngokuchasene nokufundiswa okusekwe kwimfundo yamazinyo, iingxoxo ezisekwe kwiTutorial zanceda abafundi baqhagamshele ukufunda kwisicelo sekliniki. Abafundi banika ingxelo yokuba bafumana ukufundisa ngakumbi kwaye banomdla. Izikhokelo zokufunda ngamanye amaxesha zibandakanya i-quizzs ngempendulo ye-Omela (Ogo Ltd., London, UK). Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwe-quizzes zinefuthe elihle kwiziphumo zokufunda ukongeza ekuvavanyweni kwento yoqeqesho lobuso ngobuso25. 26
Njengamaxesha onke, ekupheleni kwesemester nganye, abafundi bayamenywa ukuba banike ingxelo ngokusesikweni ngengxelo ye-fuf. Thelekisa ingxelo esesikweni nengekho semthethweni eyamkelweyo ngaphambi kokutshintsha ifomathi yesihloko.
Ngenxa yenani elincinci labafundi kwikhosi nganye kwicandelo lamazinyo kwiYunivesithi yase-Aberdeen kunye nenani eliqingqiweyo labafundi ababandakanyekileyo ekunikezeleni izikhalazo zabafundi. Olu xwebhu lubandakanyiwe ukugcina nokukhusela ukungaziwa.
Nangona kunjalo, yaqwalaselwa ukuba izimvo zabafundi kwi-skef iwela kwiziko ezine eziphambili, ezizezi: Indlela yokufundisa, ukufundisa ixesha kunye nomxholo.
Ngokukwiindlela zokufundisa, ngaphambi kokuba utshintsho bekukho abafundi abangonelisekanga ngakumbi kunabo banelisekileyo. Emva kotshintsho, inani labafundi abathe banelisekile kunokuba bengonelisekanga. Zonke izimvo malunga nobude bexesha lokufundisa ezinezixhobo ezisondeleyo ekungcungcuthekeni ngokungekho mthethweni kolwaneliseko. Oku kwaphindwa kwiimpendulo zabafundi ekufikeleleni kwento leyo. Umxholo wezinto ezibonakalayo akazange atshintshe kakhulu, kwaye abafundi babesoloko benelisekile lulwazi olunikiweyo, kodwa njengoko lutshintshileyo, abafundi abaninzi basabela kakuhle kumxholo.
Emva kotshintsho kwinkqubo ye-FC imveliso ye-FC, abafundi babonelela ngengxelo engakumbi ngefomu ye-prof ngaphambi kotshintsho.
Iimvavanyo zamanani zazingafakwanga kwingxelo ye-shuff yoqobo kodwa zaziswa kunyaka wokufunda ka-2019/20 wokuzama ukulinganisa ikhosi yokwamkelwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukonwaba kwekhosi kunye nokusebenza kwendlela yokufunda kwenziwa kwisikali samanqaku amane: Vumelana ngamandla (i-SA), imvume ngokubanzi, i-GD), kunye nokungavumi kakhulu (SD). Njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso 2 no-3, bonke abafundi bafumanisa ukuba ikhosi enomdla kwaye isebenza, kwaye kuphela umfundi we-BDS3 akafumananga ukuba isebenza ngokufunda isebenza ngokubanzi.
Ukufumana ubungqina bokuxhasa utshintsho kuYilo lwekhosi lunzima ngenxa yomxholo kunye nezitayile, ngoko ke umgwebo oqeqeshiweyo uhlala ufunda. 2 Nangona kunjalo, kubo bonke unyango olukhoyo lwamadoda kunye nobungqina obuhlumayo bokusebenza kwe-FC kwimfundo yezonyango, le ndlela ibonakala ichanekile kakhulu kwikhosi ekuthethwa ngayo kunye nomxholo. Ndiphakame kakhulu, kodwa ukufundisa kusezantsi kakhulu.
Impumelelo yefomathi ye-FC ye-FC yalinganiswa yingxelo yomfundi ngokusesikweni kwaye ethelekisa kunye nokuthelekiswa nezimvo ezifunyenwe kwifomathi yangaphambili. Njengoko bekulindelwe, abafundi batsho ukuba bayithandile ifomathi ye-FC kuba banakho ukufikelela kwizinto ezikwi-intanethi njengoko kufuneka, ngexesha lazo, kwaye bazisebenzise ngokwabo isantya. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimbono ezintsonkothileyo kunye neekhonsepthi apho abafundi banokufuna ukuphindaphinda icandelo elo, kwaye baphinde baqonde. Uninzi lwabafundi lwalubandakanyekile kwinkqubo, kwaye abo babenjalo, ngenkcazo, babenexesha elingakumbi lokusilungiselela isifundo. Inqaku likaChega liyangqina le nto. Ukongeza, iziphumo zibonise ukuba abafundi baxabisa umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenzisana nomfundisi kunye nokufunda nokuba ootatali baphambi kokufunda balungiselelwe iimfuno zabo zokufunda. Njengoko bekulindelwe, ukudityaniswa kwezifundo zeTutorials kunye nezinto zezandla zanda ukubandakanyeka kwabafundi, ukonwaba, kunye nokusebenzisana.
Izikolo zabafundi bamazinyo e-Aberdeen zintsha kwaye zintsha. Ngelo xesha, iinkqubo ezininzi zenzelwe ukuba ziphunyezwe kwangoko, kodwa zahlengahlengiswa kwaye ziphuculwe njengoko zazisetyenziselwa ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo nenjongo. Le yimeko kwizixhobo zengxelo ezisesikweni. Ifomu ye-Shyf yentsusa yacela ingxelo kuyo yonke le khosi, emva koko yacokiswa ixesha elingaphezulu kwe-ADBELA (kwaye ekugqibeleni yacela ingxelo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ADM & B. Kwakhona, ingxelo yokuqala icele izimvo ngokubanzi, kodwa njengoko ingxelo iqhubeke, imibuzo ethile ecelwe yabuzwa malunga namandla, ubuthathaka, kunye nazo naziphi na iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswayo ezikhoyo. Ingxelo efanelekileyo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwendlela ye-hybrid fc ifakiwe kwezinye iindlela. Oku kudityanisiwe kwaye kubandakanya iziphumo. Ngelishwa, ngeenjongo zolu phononongo, idatha yamanani zazingaqokelelwa kwasekuqaleni njengoko oku kungakhokelela kumlinganiso ofanelekileyo wokuphuculwa okanye olunye utshintsho kwimpembelelo ngaphakathi kwekhosi.
Njengakwiiyunivesithi ezininzi, izifundo kwiDyunivesithi yase-Aberdeen ayiqwalaselwanga njengezinyanzelekileyo, kwanakwiinkqubo ezilawulwa yimizimba yangaphandle efana nemfundo yamazinyo ngokubanzi, egunyazisiweyo yokongamela imfundo yamazinyo e-UK. Zonke ezinye iikhosi ziyafuneka, ke ngokutshintsha inkcazo yekhosi kwisikhokelo sophononongo, abafundi baya kunyanzelwa ukuba bayithathe; Ukunyusa ukubakho kwenxaxheba, ukuzibandakanya kunye nokufunda.
Kuxelwe kuncwadi olukhona nobunzima obunokubakho ngefomathi ye-FC. Ifomathi ye-FC ibandakanya abafundi belungiselela ngaphambi kweklasi, amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha labo. Zhuang et al. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba indlela ye-FC ayifanelekanga kubo bonke abafundi njengoko kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokholo kunye nenkuthazo yokugqibezela ulungiselelo. 27 Omnye unokulindela ukuba abafundi bezempilo baya kuqhutywa kakhulu, kodwa uPataliswa Et Al 28 wafumanisa ukuba le ibingakwazi ukuphononongwa kwezinto ezirekhodiweyo zekhemisi kwaye ngenxa yoko zazingakulungelanga iincwadi zezifundo. . Nangona kunjalo, le khosi ifumanise ukuba uninzi lwabafundi lubandakanyekile, lulungiselelwe, lwaza lwaya kwikhondo lokujongana nobuso kunye nokuqonda okufanelekileyo kwekhosi. Ababhali bacebisa ukuba le nto ibangelwa ngabafundi abakhokelwa ngokucacileyo ngabaphathi bezifundo kunye ne-godc yokujonga i-podcasts kunye nezilayidi, ngelixa becebisa ukuba bakujonge le nto njengemfuneko yomsebenzi ofunekayo. Imisebenzi yezandla kunye nezandla ziyasebenzisana kwaye ziyabandakanyeka, kwaye ootitshala bajonge phambili ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwabafundi. Abafundi bakhawuleza baqonda ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwabo kuyacaca. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba yingxaki ukuba zonke iikhosi ziyafundiswa ngale ndlela, njengoko abafundi benokutsalwa kwaye abasayi kuba nexesha elaneleyo lokuphononongwa zonke izinto zokufunda. Esi sixhobo sokulungiselela ukulungiselela kufuneka sakhiwe kwishedyuli yomfundi.
Ukuphuhlisa nokumiliselwa kwengqondo ye-FC ekufundiseni izifundo zemfundo, kufuneka zoyiswe imiceli mngeni emininzi. Ngokucacileyo, ukurekhoda i-podcast kufuna ixesha elininzi lokulungiselela. Ukongeza, ukufunda isoftware kunye nezakhono zokuhlela eziphuhlayo kuthatha ixesha elininzi.
Igumbi lokufundela eliqaqambileyo lisombulula ingxaki yokwandisa ixesha lokunxibelelana ngootitshala abanyanzelekileyo kwaye bakwazi ukuhlola iindlela zokufundisa ezintsha. Unxibelelwano lube lunamandla ngakumbi, lwenza imeko yokufunda iqinisekileyo kubo bobabini abasebenzi kunye nabafundi, kunye nokutshintsha umbono oqhelekileyo wokuba izixhobo zamazinyo "yinto eyomileyo". Abasebenzi kwiYunivesithi yeYunivesithi yeziko le-Aberdeen basebenzise indlela ye-FC kwityala lempumelelo, kodwa ayikamkelwanga ukuba kufundiswe ikharityhulamu yonke.
Njengakwezinye iindlela zokuhambisa iiseshoni, kuvela iingxaki ukuba umbhexeshi ophambili akakho kwintlanganiso yobuso ngobuso kwaye ngenxa yoko abakwazi ukufundisa iiseshoni, njengoko abaququzeleli badlala indima ephambili kwimpumelelo ye-FC. Ulwazi lomququzeleli wezeMfundo kufuneka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ingxoxo ukuba ihambe nakweliphi na icala kwaye inobunzulu obaneleyo, kunye nabafundi babone ixabiso lokulungiselela nokuthatha inxaxheba. Abafundi banoxanduva lokufunda kwabo, kodwa abacebisi kufuneka babe nakho ukuphendula kwaye baziqhelanise.
Izixhobo zokufundisa ngokusesikweni zilungiselelwe kwangaphambili, iikhosi ezinentsingiselo zilungele ukufundiswa nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngexesha lokubhalwa, ngexesha lokubhalwa, ngexesha lokubhalwa kweCoud-19, le ndlela ivumela iikhosi ukuba zisiwe kwi-intanethi kwaye zenze kube lula ukuba abasebenzi basebenze ekhaya, njengoko isakhelo sokufundisa sele sikhona. Ke, abafundi bavakalelwe kukuba ukufunda i-theoretical ayiphazanyiswa njengokuba izifundo ezikwi-Intanethi zanikwa enye indlela eyamkelekileyo kwiiklasi zobuso ngobuso. Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo ziyafumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe zii-cohorts ezizayo. Izinto ezinokufuneka zihlaziywe amaxesha ngamaxesha, kodwa ixesha lokufundisa liya kusindiswa, zikhokelela kwityala leendleko elipheleleyo ngokuchasene neendleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali.
Inguqu evela kwizifundo zemfundo yemveli kwi-FC imfundiso yabangela ingxelo entle evela kubafundi, ngokusesikweni nangokungacwangciswanga. Oku kuyahambelana nezinye iziphumo ezipapashiweyo ngaphambili. Qiniseka ukuba uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze ubone ukuba uvavanyo lungaphuculwa ngokuthatha indlela ye-FC.
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-04 ukuya ku-024