Eli phepha lendawo ivavanya utshintsho lwembali kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zangoku kwimfundo yamazinyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuzama ukuqikelela ikamva. Imfundo yamazinyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ngakumbi xa uvukile iCovid-19 ubhubhane, ikwiindlela ezinqamlezileyo. Ikamva lenziwa ngamandla amane asisiseko: Ixabiso eliphakamileyo lemfundo, i-overeciestiction yokhathalelo lwamazinyo, iqumrhu lokhathalelo lwamazinyo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Imfundo yamazinyo ingabandakanya ubuchule, ubuchule obusekwe kwi-Asynchronous, i-Hybrid, ubuso ngobuso kunye nokufunda ubuso kunye nokufunda ngokubonakalayo, ukubonelela ngomanqaku okuqala okuqala. Ngokufanayo, ii-ofisi zamazinyo ziya kuba yi-hybrid, phakathi komntu obini kunye nokhathalelo lwezigulana ezikhoyo. Ubukrelekrele bokwenyama buyakwandisa ukusebenza ngokufunxa, unyango kunye nolawulo lweofisi.
"Imfundo yamazinyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa neendlela ezinqamlezileyo" zihlala zikhankanywa kwiingxoxo zethu zobungcali. Le ngxelo ivakalisa ingqondo ngoku kunangaphambili ngo-1995 (1). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ubudlelwane phakathi kwemfundo yamazinyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa njengoko ziphembelela omnye komnye. Ngapha koko, ukuqonda okubanzi kwemeko yangoku kufuna ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwiindlela zexesha elide ezijongwa kwezi ndawo.
Imvelaphi yemfundo yamazinyo inokulandelwa kwimodeli esekwe kwimfundo edluliselwe kuyo umsebenzi omnye komnye. Ngokuvulwa kwesikolo samazinyo okuqala eBaltimore ngo-1840, esi siko lavela kwinkqubo esekwe kwisikolo esesikweni. Imfundo yamazinyo isandula ukuphinda iqhubekeke kutshintsho olubalulekileyo ukusuka kwimfundo esekwe kwisiza ukuze isebenze ngemfundo esetyenziswayo kunye neemodeli zonyango ezibandakanya imiceli mngeni efunyanwa ngumceli mngeni ovela kwi-Covidd Covid-19 ubhubhane.
Kwiminyaka eli-183 ukusukela oko wasiseko se-Baltimore yesikolo samayeza onyango, isikolo sokuqala samazinyo e-United States, imeko yemfundo yamazinyo iguqukile kakhulu. Imfundo yamazinyo itshintshe ukusuka ngasese, yenzuzo, izikolo ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo ukuya kumaziko emfundo asekwe kwiYunivesithi, angancedi-kwimfundo. Inani lezikolo zamazinyo e-United States zingene ngo-1900, zawa kwiminyaka engama-57, zawa kwiminyaka engama-38 30 emva kokupapashwa kwengxelo ye-Gies (2), emva koko zafunyanwa zingama-60 kwiminyaka yoo-1970. Emva kokuvala emva koko emva koko emva koko emva koko kwakhona emva koko, inani lezikolo ngoku limi ngo-72, ubuncinci izikolo ezisixhenxe ubuncinci bezicwangcisa ukuvula kwiminyaka emi-2-3 elandelayo (3).
Kwangelo xesha, izinto zemfundo yamazinyo ziya zisiba nzima. Ekuqaleni, omnye umfundi, utitshala omnye, isigulana esinye isigulana kunye nendawo enye yomzimba iya kwanela. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka i-183 idlulileyo, iikhosi, iikliniki, i-precineine, igumbi lokufundela, kunye neendawo zokulinganisa zikhule kwaye zanda. Umgangatho wecandelo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zokuvavanya ngokusesikweni, kunye nezinto ezinikezelweyo zolawulo ezininzi zongezwa ukonyusa amava emfundo ngokubanzi.
Indleko yemfundo yamazinyo itshintshe kakhulu, yandisa umthwalo wetyala lomfundi. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, uqeqesho olusesikweni ukusuka kwingcali yamazinyo iyafuneka, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-1 lesi-1, abafundi banokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo yamazinyo eUnited States kwakuqala ukuqhekeka, kunye ne-ALABAma babe yindawo yokuqala ukuyilawula ngo-1841. Ngo-1910, ilayisensi yeLizwe yanyanzeliswa kuwo onke amazwe. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iindleko zokufunda malunga ne-100 yeedola, imali enkulu. Ngokuvulwa kwesikolo samazinyo okuqala ngo-1840, iifizi zesifundo se- $ 100 ukuya kwi-200 eyi- $ 200 yaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-140 (1880 ukuya kwi-2020), isifundo kwiSikolo samaSesika esiqhelekileyo eUnited States sikhule amaxesha angama-555, siphume kumaxabiso ngamaxesha angama-25 (4). Ngo-2023, i-tyala letyala lezikolo zakudala zesikolo i-280,700 (5).
Imbali yezilwanyana ezininzi i-stions ityhilwa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zonyango, nganye yenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumda wayo obanzi (umzobo 1). La manqanaba abandakanya i-dentristry yokukhupha, eyindlela yokuqala yonyango; Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nenye i-dentristry, eyaqala ngo-1728 ngexesha lexesha likaPierre tucuchard, ethathelwa ingqalelo ngabaninzi ukuba 'nguyise wezinyo ", ngokusekelwe kumazinyo okhuseleko, eyaqala ngo-1945. Uxilongo; I-dentny dentristry ivele nge-1960s ngokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji yokufihla kwamanzi, xa amathe amathe amathe, umlomo kunye nezicubu zaba sisitshixo sokuchonga izifo zasekhaya nezicwangcisiweyo. Unyango lotshintsho luye luphuhliswa ngoku lubonelela ngempilo yomlomo ngokusekwe ekukhuseleni nasekuqinisekisweni kwe-microbiome, ityhila indlela yekamva lamazinyo. Lo mbuzo uphambili uya kuba yinxalenye yezi ndlela zahlukeneyo zokuziqhelanisa nexesha elizayo.
Umzobo 1. Imbali yembali yamazinyo. I-Encyclopedia ebonisiweyo ye-Encyclopedia enemizekeliso yembali yamazinyo ngu-Andrew Spielman. https: //historyfdenistaddine.com/a-itine Iprinte ngemvume.
Olu tshintsho luguqule umthambo we-dentristry ukusuka kugxininiso lwendlela yokugxila koomatshini (Ukukhupha, ukutshintshwa kwamazinyo okubuyisela umva ). kwaye ngokusekwe kwi-microbiome goriulations).
Enye indaleko ebalulekileyo yenzeka kwimbali yokwenziwa kwamazinyo: ukusuka kwindlela enkulu yonyango lwamazinyo (uninzi lwembali yayo) kwiparadigm ekhethekileyo (ukuqala kwe-1920) iphawulwe ngokukodwa komsebenzi wamazinyo. Ugqirha wamazinyo ukufudukela kwiindlela zobuqu ezibonisa indlela enobuthathaka kunye neyenzelwe wena kwimpilo yomlomo.
Kwangelo xesha, iindlela zokuqala ze-denterstry zifudukayo zisuka kumazinyo ababonelela ngeenkonzo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (uninzi lwamazinyo ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-19) kwi-19 yenkulungwane ye-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku). Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kuka-2000, ngokufika kwe-teledentristry, indlela ye-hyrid yokufumana iinkonzo ezihlanganisiweyo zobuso kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-digital ye-digital yedijithali, ngaloo ndlela betshintsha indlela yokhathalelo lwamazinyo.
Kwangelo xesha, imeko yokuziqhelanisa namazinyo sele ifikelelene, ukusuka kwizinto ezenziwa ngamazinyo (kulo lonke ixesha lenkulungwane ye-19 neye-20) lokuziqhelanisa neqela elithile (ukuqala kuka-1970). Utshintsho kwinkampani yamazinyo Le meko imangalisayo yakutshanje, ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi abancinci, ibalaselisa amanani aguqukayo aManyano lwamamkeli kunye nemeko yokuya kuluntu ngokwenziwa kwimisebenzi yamazinyo edlulayo. Ulwakhiwo lobunini lwezenzo zamazinyo zitshintshile kakhulu kule minyaka ili-16 idlulileyo. Phakathi kwabo baneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, ubunini bokwenza amazinyo bancipha kancinci nge-1%, ngelixa phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala yayibaluleke kakhulu, ifikelela kwi-15% (6). Uvavanyo lweklasi yama-2023 lwafumanisa ukuba ama-34% abaCwangcisa abaCwangcisiweyo ukuze bangene kwizinto zabucala emva kokuphumelela bathathela ingqalelo ukujoyina i-DSO, inani eliphindwe kabini kwiminyaka emihlanu (5). Olu tshintsho lugxininisa ukwahlukahlukana kwiimodeli zobunini ezithandwayo ngabasebenzi abancinci bamazinyo ngenxa yemingcipheko ephezulu, imithwalo yolawulo kunye neendleko zokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo. Ukudityaniswa kokuziqhelanisa namazinyo nawo umngeni kwinkcubeko yemveli yabasebenzi bamazinyo.
Ukumiselwa kwamazinyo kunye nokongamela eUnited States kuye kwenziwa indalo eguqukayo. Ngexesha lekoloniyali, ukongamela kwakuphosakele. Ngo-1923, le sakhiwo ikhule yaba ngamaziko amane (Fig 2). Kule minyaka ili-100 izayo, indalo elawulayo eyandiswa kakhulu, kwaye amandla okongamela eyandisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kurhulumente angama-45, urhulumente, nakwiiarhente zalapha ekhaya, amasebe endawo yokuhlala. Le nkqubela ibonakalisa ukonyuka okukhulu kubunzima kunye nokwahluka kwezixhobo ezilawulayo kunye nolawulo lolawulo lwezinto ezihlaselweyo kunye nemfundo eUnited States.
Imikhosi emine enamandla icela umngeni kwimfundo yamazinyo yendabuko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Oku kubandakanya indleko zemfundo, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji enje ngenyani, inobungqola, i-teleticinty, "unyango olungahlaseli", olona nyango lungahlaseli, oko kukuthi, unyango olungahlaseli olwenziwe phakathi noluntu, kunye nokuthathwa kwesebe lezixhobo zamazinyo.
Eyokuqala ichaphazela imfundo, isithathu neyesine yokuchaphazela inkqubo, kunye nomzuzwana uchaphazela zombini. Ezi ndawo zixoxwa ngokufutshane ngezantsi kwaye zivule impikiswano malunga nemfundo yamazinyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa kungabhekiswa.
Ngelixa siye saxoxa ngokufutshane iindleko zangoku zemfundo, kufanelekile ukuba siqwalasele nzulu kwimfuno yokujongana neendleko zexesha elizayo eziya kunyanzela izikolo ukuba zenze uhlengahlengiso lwezikolo. Ngokukodwa, kuya kubakho isidingo esandayo sokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye neefizi zokufunda ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinobuchule ezisebenzayo. Eyona ndlela ithembisayo yokuthembisa ukusebenza isebenzisa inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokubonelela ngemfundo.
Indleko yesikolo samazinyo ngokuyintloko inxulumene nemivuzo yecandelo, abasebenzi bezolawulo, kunye neendleko zokusebenza, kubandakanywa iindleko ezinxulumene nekliniki. Amava akutshanje aneCovid-19 ubhubhane abonakalise amandla okuqhubeka nemfundo esemgangathweni ekude nokuba iiofisi zamazinyo ezisemzimbeni zivaliwe. Oku kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba bakwazi ukuhambisa iikhosi ezininzi ezikhompyutheni, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa imfuno yootitshala ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokwabelana. Olu tshintsho lunokumisa indlela yamaziko amaninzi okwenza amaziko okwabelana ngekharityhulamu kunye nethala lexesha elizayo kwixesha elizayo, ephelisa imfuneko yobunini kunye nokunqongophala kwemali.
Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa kwenyani ebonakalayo (i-VR) kunye ne-Aunter Aunten (i-ART) i-Auntersing kwimfundo ye-Anychnnchnhanaus ye-Asynchnhanaus linyathelo lenguqu. Le phuculo inokwenza ingxelo esemgangathweni kunye nokufezekiswa kwezakhono zomntu ngamnye kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo, ukuphinda sikhumbuze iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwenqwelo moya ezisebenzisa i-SILATORS ukuphucula izakhono. Le ndlela inamandla okuguqula imfundo yamazinyo ethembekileyo ngokwenza imeko yokufunda efanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho.
I-VR isetyenziswa ngoku kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye namazinyo. Nantsi eminye imizekelo. IHoloanatomy, ephuhliswe ngeYunivesithi yaseNtshona, ibonelela ngegunya lenyani elivumela ukuba abafundi bezonyango banxibelelane neemodeli ze-Aatomical ze-Aatomical ye-Aatomical ye-Aatomical yokufunda. Enye inkqubo, i-tosurgery, ibonelela ngomsimo we-VR ovumela oochwephesha bezempilo ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoqhaqho kwindawo ye-3D ye-3D. I-OSSO VR igxile kuqeqesho lokuhlinqwa kwaye ibonelela ngendawo ebonakalayo apho iingcali zempilo ezinokuziqhelanisa notyando kwaye ziphucule izakhono zabo ngokwenzakaliswa. Okokugqibela, i-ratisi ibonelela nge-vr kunye ne-ap ye-AP yoqeqesho lokuphendula olungxamisekileyo. Iingcali zezempilo zinokuziqhelanisa nokuphendula kungxamiseko kwezonyango ngendlela yokwenyani.
Imizekelo eliqela yokusetyenziswa kwe-AI iquka ukuphononongwa kwesigulana se-AI, evumela abafundi bamazinyo ukuba baziqhelanise nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo kwindawo ethembekileyo, ekhuselekileyo (7). Ezi mpondo zinokubandakanya iimeko zokuvavanya isifo, iiplani zonyango, kunye neenkqubo zezandla.
a) Amaqonga okufunda aguqulweyo Sebenzisa i-Algorith ye-Algorith ye-ALTOTIONS yokufikelela kumxholo wemfundo ngokubhekisele kwinkqubela phambili, isitayile sokufunda kunye nokusebenza kwabafundi ngamnye. La maqonga anokubonelela ngeemvavanyo zobuqu, iimodyuli zokusebenzisana, kunye nezixhobo ekujoliswe kuzo ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile zokufunda.
b) Izicelo zobukrelekrele bokuqulunqwa zinokuhlalutya imifanekiso yokuxilongwa, njenge-X-rays okanye iifilimu zentsebenzo, kwaye zinike ingxelo kwangoko malunga nezakhono zokutolika kwabafundi. Oku kunceda abafundi ukuphucula amandla abo okufumanisa ukuba izifo ezahlukeneyo zomlomo.
c) I-S) I-STRAPIL kunye nokothuswa kwezicelo zenyani ezixhotyiswe yingqongqo ye-articiseal kudala amava okufunda abhaptizayo. Abafundi banokufunda iimodeli ze-3D ezineenkcukacha ze-Anatomy, zisebenzisane nezigulana ezibonakalayo, kunye neenkqubo zoqhaqho kwindawo enezonyango.
d) Ubukrelekrele bokwenyama buxhasa ukufunda umgama ngokubonelela ngamaqonga emfundo. Abafundi banokuthatha inxaxheba kwizifundo ezibonakalayo, i-webinars kunye neengxoxo zentsebenzo. Iimpawu ze-AI zinokubandakanya ukufudusela ngokuzenzekelayo, Q & iingxoxo, kunye nohlalutyo lwabandakanyekayo lwabafundi.
e) Iinkampani zeTekhnoloji zisebenzisana nabanikezeli bezempilo kunye neeyunivesithi ukubonelela ngomxholo wemfundo ngamaqonga abo. Lo mxholo unokubandakanya amanqaku, iividiyo, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzisana ezigubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezihloko zamazinyo kunye nezonyango. Umzekelo, ikhosi ibonelela ngeenqanawa kumayeza ogqirha kunye namazinyo kwiDyunivesithi yasePennsylvania, i-Dentristry 101 ukusuka kwiDyunivesithi yaseMichigan, kunye nezinto ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong. Icoccoursourware yasimahla ibonelela ngokufikelela simahla kwiikhosi ze-neurosciendeolence kunye nangaphezulu.
f) Ekugqibeleni, i-khan Academ ibonelela ngenani leekhosi zamazinyo ezigubungela izihloko ezinjenge-Aatomy, izixhobo zamazinyo, kunye nezifundo zesayensi ezinikezelwa ngokwesiko lezezikolo kunye nezifundo zesayensi.
Enye into ethethwa kukubonelelwa kukukhathalela okungafunekiyo, okungahlaseli. I-Teledentanthethi ibe yinye indlela yokhathalelo lwamazinyo rhoqo.
Njengoko ungenelelo oluninzi lwamazinyo luba luhlaseli oluncinci, akukho mfuneko i-dentstists ukwenza onke amanyathelo anikezelwa njengangoku kwiiofisi zamazinyo. Abanye ababoneleli bezempilo abanjengabachwephesha bamazinyo, abagqirha abaphumelele amazinyo, abongikazi bamazinyo kunye nooTitshala, oonoongikazi, abahlengikazi, besenza imali engahlambululanga. Xa amazinyo okuthintela amazinyo (i-fluoride, i-wlingers yasemhlophe, amazinyo, iikhusi zomlomo, kunye namayeza eentlungu) anikezwe ngaphaya kweeshelfu eziphezulu, ezinye iinkonzo zingabonelelwa ngababoneleli.
Ekugqibeleni, lixesha nje eliphambi kokuba kufikelwe kuko kwaye i-teledentaristry ihlangana ukuze ibonelele ngononophelo olungawanalo lwamazinyo nangaliphi na.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yamazinyo kunye nokhathalelo lwamazinyo kukuzibandakanya kweTekhnoloji enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule obukhulu kwimfundo yamazinyo kunye nononophelo. Iinkampani ezinkulu zeTekhnoloji zihlala zisebenzisana nemibutho yezempilo, iprofits, kunye namaziko emfundo ukukhuthaza amanyathelo emfundo yezonyango. Iinkampani ezininzi zetekhnoloji ezinkulu zinomdla ekusebenziseni amaqonga alo kunye neetekhnoloji zabo ukubonelela ngolwazi, izixhobo kunye nomxholo wemfundo onxulumene nempilo yomlomo neyeratho. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
a) Iinkampani zeTekhnoloji ziphuhlisa kwaye zikhuthaza iinkqubo ezinxulumene nezeMpilo kunye namaqonga abonelela ngomxholo wemfundo kwizihloko zempilo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi udingo zinokubonelela ngolwazi lwesondlo, ukulandela amanzi, khumbuza abasebenzisi ukuba bahlambe amazinyo, babonelele ngeengcebiso ngokubanzi ngokugcina impilo entle, kwaye unike iingcebiso zempilo elungileyo okanye iingcebiso zempilo yomlomo. Kwisifundo seDiverene ye-2022, i-turzo et al. .
b) Sebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenyani ukuphuhlisa abancedisi bezempilo ababonelela ngolwazi lwezempilo kunye neengcebiso. Izicelo zobukrelekrele bokwenzela eziphuhliswe ziinkampani zetekhnoloji zibonisa ukuthenga ngohlalutyo lwemifanekiso kunye nokufumanisa isifo. Umzekelo, i-Algorith ye-Algorithm ye-Algoriths yokuqulunqwa inceda uhlalutyo lwamazinyo anjenge-X-rays kunye ne-CbT Scares ukubongoza imiqathango yokubola kwamazinyo, izifo zexeshana kunye nezinto ezingaqhelekanga. Bakwaphucula ukucaciswa kwemifanekiso yamazinyo, ukunceda oogqirha bamazinyo njengefanelekileyo ukuze babonakalise iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kwaye benze izixhobo ezichanekileyo.
c) Ngokufanayo, i-Algorith ye-Algorith ye-Algoriths evavanya idatha yeklinikhi, kubandakanya i-piinages ethabatha ubunzulu, ukuvuvukala kwe-gingel ukuvuvukala (9) kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo, ukuqikelela isifo sexeshana. Imodeli yovavanyo olwenziwe ngoMngcipheko onamandla oVavanyo lwedatha yesigulana, kubandakanya imbali yezonyango, izinto zokuphila kunye neziphumo zeklinikhi, ukuqikelela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa izifo ezizodwa zomlomo. Okwangoku, iimodeli zobukrelekrele bokwenyama zifuna ukuphuculwa okuthe kratya ukufumanisa ukulahleka kwe-temostal bone (10).
d) OLUNYE UKWENZIWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUSETYENZISWA KOKUFUNDA IZICWANGCISO ZOCWANGCISO LWE-ORTHODOTIC NOKWENZA IMIQATHANGO YESITHILI Ungenelelo lonyango (13).
e) Iinkqubo zobukrelekrele bokuqulunqwa zihlalutya imifanekiso efunyenwe kwiikhamera zentsebenzo okanye ezinye izixhobo zokucinga zokuchonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga okanye imiqondiso enokubakho yomhlaza womlomo (14). I-Algorith ye-Algorith ye-Algoriths iqeqeshelwe ukuchonga nokuhlela izilonda zomlomo, kubandakanya izilonda, ii-ilcers, i-white okanye i-famitos ebomvu, kunye nezilonda ezimbi (14, kunye nezilonda ezingalunganga (14, ze-14, ze-14, kunye nezilonda ezingalunganga (14, ze-14). Ubukrelekrele bokwenyama buninzi ekufumaneni izigqibo, kodwa xa kufikwa ekwenzeni izigqibo zoqhaqho, ziyafuneka.
f) I-Deentristry ye-Deedatric, ubukrelekrele bobuchwephesha busetyenziselwa ukufumana izilonda ezinobuchule, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokucinga, ukuphucula izidanga zonyango, ukulinganisa izifo, kunye nokukhuthaza impilo (16, 17).
g) Ubukrelekrele bokwenzela busetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuziqhelanisa nabancedisi bokwenyani kunye neengxoxo ezinamandla ze-AI ukunceda ishedyuli yokuqeshwa kwaye uphendule imibuzo esisiseko yezigulana. Itekhnoloji yokuqonda i-AI ivumela oogqirha bamazinyo bavumela amanqaku ekliniki, ukunciphisa ixesha lokurekhoda. Ngokukwanjalo, i-AI iqhubela phambili i-teledentright ngokunika unxibelelwano ekude, ivumela oogqirha bamazinyo ukuba bahlole abaguli benze izindululo ngaphandle kwemfuno yotyelelo lomntu.
Inguqu yemfundo yamazinyo ibandakanya utshintsho kwimodeli ephakathi ukuya kwindlela ekwabelwana ngayo kunye netekhnoloji. Ukuqhekeka kwemfundo yamazinyo kuyabonakala njengoko kubonakale ukuba ezinye iinkalo zokufunda zinokuziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-intanethi i-intanethi isebenzisa i-imeyile kunye nengxelo esekwe kwi-notifibile yengxelo esekwe kwi-inforliclence ingxelo esekwe. Oku kuhlela kwimodeli ye-modeli yesiqhelo isidingo sokubonelela yonke imfundo ngaxeshanye phantsi kophahla olunye.
Iphefumlelwe ngumzekelo woqeqesho lwenqwelo moya yenqwelomoya, umxholo wemfundo yexesha elizayo unokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kumaziko akhethekileyo etekhnoloji, efana nendlela yokudlala. Olu hlengahlengiso luthetha ukuba abafundi abayi kuqalisa nokuphelisa uhambo lwabo lwemfundo kunye neseti esiqinisekisiweyo 'esisekwe osigxina. " Endaweni yoko, ishedyuli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iya kuphuhliswa ngokusekwe ekufezekisweni kwezakhono ezithile. Ezi kubuyazo ziya kuba nomonde kunokuba zigxile kwabafundi kwaye ziya kuba lixesha, njengoko zinjalo ngoku.
Nangona imfundo yekliniki isafuna amava asebenzayo, isakhiwo se-rigid cohort asisafuneki. Abafundi banokuzibandakanya kule micimbi inokwenzeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwizimo ezininzi zeklinikhi, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo. Imfundo ebonakalayo iya kulawula izinto ezinamacandelo kunye nezahluli, igxininisa ukuba bhetyelwe ngokuguquguquka nge-Asynchronous. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, icandelo leklinikhi liya kuba nefomathi ye-hybrid, ukudibanisa amava angaphakathi kwizinto.
Uhlobo lwe-Hybrid, i-hybrid, i-synchchronono yale modeli yezeMfundo yoBuntu izisa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho kubafundi. Kwangelo xesha, kuyanceda ukunciphisa iindima zemveli ze-sundelty yesakhiwo, abasebenzi, kunye nabalawuli kunye nokuphinda baphonononge indawo efunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, ikamva lemfundo yamazinyo liza kusekelwa kwimodeli enamandla kunye nefanelekileyo eguqulela kwiimfuno zokutshintsha kwabafundi kunye nemveliso.
Imodeli ecetywayo yindlela enye kuphela yokufezekisa ukusebenza kweendleko kwimfundo yamazinyo; Uhlalutyo olubanzi kufuneka lubandakanye indleko iyonke kunye nobude bekholeji kunye nemfundo yamazinyo. Ukunciphisa ixesha lemfundo yendalo iphela kunokunciphisa iindleko ezinokubakho. Umzekelo, ukuqhelisela okwangoku ukuvuma abafundi emva konyaka wokuqala wekholeji yenxalenye yomfundi kunokuba negalelo koku kwehla. Ukongeza, ubude bemfundo yamazinyo bunokupheliswa ngokwenza ukubaluleka kwezifundo zesayensi ezisisiseko. Enye indlela yokukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukugcina ixesha, kwaye ukunciphisa iindleko kukudibanisa ii-DD ngemfundo yokuphumelela.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, icandelo lezempilo libone ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokufumana i-Inshurensi yezeMpilo, iinkonzo zezonyango, iivenkile kunye neekhemesti. Le meko ikhokelele ekuvelisweni kwe "microclinics," ezibonelela ngononophelo olubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Abathengisi abaphambili abanjenge-walmart kunye ne-CVs baqokelele kwiiklinikhi, beqesha iingcali zokubonelela ngononophelo olulula noKhuseleko, umngeni wokubuyiselwa kwembuyekezo yembuyekezo.
Ukudibanisa iinkonzo zamazinyo kwinkqubo ebanzi yokhathalelo lwempilo kunokuguqula ukufikelela kwimpilo yezempilo ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zononophelo lwezempilo, kubandakanya ukhathalelo oluthile, ugonyo, amayeza kagqirha, kwiindleko ezingezantsi. Ukusebenza okucwangcisiweyo kuyadlulisa kwiinkqubo zokuhlawula kunye nokudityaniswa kolwazi lwesigulana phakathi kwababoneleli bezempilo.
Ezi kiklini zenguqu zigxininisa ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nolungeleleneyo, ngakumbi njengoko imbuyekezo yemali yeinshurensi kwiimvavanyo ezisekwe kwiziphumo, itshintsha indlela ekwaziyo ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokukhuthaza indlela epheleleyo yokuphila kakuhle. Kwangelo xesha, ukudityaniswa kononophelo lwamazinyo kunye nokukhula kweendlela ezincinci kunokuguqula oogqirha bamazinyo kube ngabaqeshwa kunokuba ngabanini abazimeleyo.
Ngonyuso olumangalisayo kubantu abadala, omnye wemiceli mngeni emikhulu ejongene namazinyo onyango sele sele eza kuvela. Ukuba uyachitha ixesha labemi baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu ngonyaka wama-2022, inani labantu baseMelika kwiqela elifanayo leminyaka kulindeleke ukuba bafikelele kwizigidi ezingama-80, ngokwemigaqo yobalo bantu lwe-US. Oku kulingana nokwanda kwenani labantwana abadala abadala phakathi kwe-5% yabantu abathobelweyo (18). Njengokuguquka kwee-degraphics, ukunyuka okungahambelaniyo kwinani elipheleleyo lamachiza omlomo kubantu abadala kulindeleke. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho isidingo esikhulayo seenkonzo zamazinyo ezijongana ngqo neemfuno zempilo ezikhethekileyo zomlomo ezindala (19, 20).
Ukulindela inkqubela phambili yeTeknoloji, ugqirha wamazinyo kulindeleke ukuba abonelele ngeenkqubo zonyango lwe-hybrid ezidibanisa iinkonzo ezikude kunye nokudityaniswa konxibelelwano lobuso lweTelemane kunye nobuso ngobuso. Ukutshintsha kwemeko yonyango kugxininiswa kukutshintsha kwebhayoloji, imolekyuli, kunye nenkathalo (umzobo 1). Olu tshintsho lufuna iingcali zempilo zokwandisa ulwazi lwabo lwendalo kwaye uzibandakanya ngokunzulu nenkqubela phambili yesayensi.
Indalo eguqukayo ithembisa ukuqhuba uphuhliso lwezinto ezithile ezithile zamazinyo, kunye noochwephesha base-Endodontist, oogqirha bamazinyo, iingcali zamazinyo ezikhokelela ekuhambeni kwexesha lokuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona. Le ntolo-mboleko ihambelana nendlela ebanzi yokufumana iindlela ezinobunkunkqele kwaye zenziwa ngobuchule kukukhathalelwa ngomlomo.
Akukho mntu unebhola yekristali yokuqikelela ikamva. Nangona kunjalo, iingcinezelo ezivela kwiindleko zemfundo, ukudityaniswa kwequmrhu, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ziya kwanda kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, zibonelela ngeendlela eziphantsi kunye nezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo kwimodeli yemfundo yamazinyo. Kwangelo xesha, ukuqhubela phambili ulwazi kunye nenkqubela phambili kubuchwephesha kwi-dentcristry kuya kubonelela ngamathuba asebenza ngokukuko, esebenzayo kunye nexabiso lokuthintela uthintelo kunye nononophelo.
Izixhobo zokuqala eziboniswe kwisifundo zibandakanyiwe kwinqaku / izinto zokuncedisa, imibuzo ingabhekiswa kumbhali ohambelana naye.
Ixesha lasemva: jul-05-2024