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Izicelo zobukrelekrele bokukhwela kwekliniki (i-AI) ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ithebhile yesikolo ekhoyo yezonyango inikezela ngeempendulo ezinesigqubuthelo. Apha sichaza ikhosi yoqeqesho yobukrelekrele ekrelekrele esiphuhlisiweyo kwaye saziswa kubafundi baseCanada sabafundi baseCanada kwaye senze izindululo zoqeqesho lwexesha elizayo.
I-Articial Intelligence (AI) kwiyeza inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwenza izigqibo zeklinikhi. Ukukhokela ngokukhuselekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo yobuchule, ogqirha kufuneka babe nokuqonda ubukrelekrele. Uninzi lwamagqabantshintshi aKhuthaza i-AI Iingqikelelo ze-AI1, ezinjengokuchaza iimodeli ze-AI kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa2. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa iinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo, ngakumbi kwinqanaba likazwelonke. I-PINTO DOS SANTOS Et Al.3. I-263 Abafundi bezonyango bahlolwa kwaye abangama-71% bavumile ukuba bafuna ukuqeqeshelwa ngobukrelekrele. Ukufundisa ngobukrelekrele bokwenyani kubaphulaphuli bezonyango kufuna uyilo ngononophelo oludibanisa iingcinga zezobugcisa nezobuchwephesha zabafundi abahlala benolwazi lwangaphambili. Sichaza amava ethu ehambisa uthotho lweendibano zocweyo ze-AI ukuya kumaqela amathathu oogqirha kwaye enze izindululo zemfundo yexesha elizayo kwi-AI.
Intshayelelo yethu kwiiveki ezintlanu Ukunikwa kwengqondo ye-ART kwiworkshop yoomasipala abafundi baqhutywa izihlandlo ezithathu phakathi kwenkqubo nganye, ku-Epreli 2021. Ikhonzwa kumzobo 1. Ikhosi yethu inayo IiNjongo zokufunda ezintathu: Abafundi bayayiqonda indlela ekufezekiswa kwedatha kwizicelo zobukrelekrele, kwaye ndihlalutya uncwadi lobukrelekrele lobukrelekrele, kwaye ndisebenzise amathuba okusebenzisana neenjineli eziphuhlisa ubukrelekrele.
Blue sisihloko sentetho kunye neblue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumbuzo osebenzayo kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Icandelo elingwevu kukugxilwa koncwadi olufutshane noncwadi. Amacandelo e-orenji akhethwe izifundo ezichaza iimodeli zobukrelekrele okanye ubuchwephesha. I-Green sisifundo esikhokelwayo senkqubo eyenzelwe ukufundisa ubukrelekrele bokusombulula iingxaki zekliniki kwaye sivavanye iimodeli. Umxholo kunye nexesha locweyo lwahluka ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lweemfuno zabafundi.
Iworkshop yokuqala yabanjwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia ukusuka ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Epreli 2019, kwaye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abayi-8 banika ingxelo entle4. Ngenxa yeCovid-19, iworkshop yesibini yaqhutywa ngo-Oktobha-Novemba wama-2020, kunye nabasebenzi abangama-222 kunye nabahlali aba-3 kwizikolo zaseKhanada zaseKhanada ezibhalisayo. Isilayidi senkcazo kunye nekhowudi ilayishwe kwindawo yokufikelela evulekileyo (http://bbhaimd.gith.io) Eyona mpendulo iphambili ukusuka kumnyango wokuqala kukuba iintetho zazinamandla kakhulu kwaye i-theoretical kakhulu. Imimandla yexesha eliqhelekileyo yaseCanada ibeka imiceli mngeni eyongezelelweyo. Ke, iworkshop yesibini ifutshane ngeseshoni nganye ukuya kwiyure enye, yenze lula izifundo zekhosi, zongezwa ezinye izifundo, kwaye zadala iinkqubo ze-boilerplaces ezivumela abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-Debuging (ibhokisi 1). Ingxelo ephambili evela kumlinganiso wesibini iquka ingxelo entle malunga nokuzivocavoca zenkqubo kunye nesicelo sokubonisa ucwangciso lweprojekthi yokufunda yoomatshini. Ke ngoko, kwindibano yethu yesithathu, ephethe abafundi bezonyango abayi-126 ngoMatshi-ka-Aprili 2021, saquka ukuziqhelanisa nokuzilolonga okuthengiswa kweekhowudi kunye neeseshoni zeNgxelo zokubonisa iikhonsepthi zokusebenzisa iiprojekthi.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha: Intsimi yokufunda kwiinkcukacha-manani ezichonga iipateni ezinentsingiselo kwidatha ngokuhlalutya, ukulungisa, kunye nokunxibelelana kweepateni zedatha.
Ukumbiwa kwedatha: Inkqubo yokuchonga nokukhupha idatha. Kwimeko yokubukrelekrele bobukrelekrele, oku kuhlala kuninzi, kunye neenguqu ezininzi zesampulu nganye.
Ukuncitshiswa kobungakanani: Inkqubo yokutshintsha idatha eguqula idatha eneempawu ezininzi kwiimpawu ezimbalwa ngelixa igcina iipropathi ezibalulekileyo zedatha yedatha yoqobo.
Iimpawu (kwimeko ye-notuticing yento): Iimpawu ezilinganiselweyo zesampulu. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo ne "yepropathi" okanye "eyahlukileyo".
Imephu yokuSebenza yeGrakhti: Indlela esetyenziselwa ukutolika iimodeli zobukrelekrele (ngakumbi inethiwekhi yeNethiwekhi), ezihlalutya inkqubo yokuphucula inethiwekhi yenethiwekhi okanye imifanekiso eqikelela kakhulu.
Imodeli esemgangathweni: Imodeli ekhoyo ye-AI ebaqeshwe kwangaphambili ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo.
Ukuvavanywa (kwimeko yobukrelekrele bokufakelwa): Ukujonga indlela imodeli esenza ngayo umsebenzi usebenzisa idatha engakhange ihlangane nayo.
Uqeqesho (kwimeko yobukrelekrele bobugcisa): Ukubonelela ngemodeli ngedatha kunye neziphumo ukuze imodeli ilungelelanisa amandla ayo okwenza imisebenzi yokwenza imisebenzi esebenzisa idatha entsha.
I-vector: uluhlu lwedatha. Kwimfundo yomatshini, inqaku ngalinye le-ifray lihlala liyinto eqhelekileyo kwisampulu.
Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa iikhosi zakutshanje ngo-Epreli 2021, kubandakanya neenjongo zokufunda ezijolise kwisihloko ngasinye. Lo masifundisane wenzelwe abo bakwinqanaba lobugcisa kwaye abafuni naluphi na ulwazi lwezibalo olungaphaya konyaka wokuqala wesidanga sonyango. Ikhosi yaphuhliswa ngabafundi bezonyango aba-6 kunye nootitshala aba-3 ngamanqanaba aphezulu kubunjineli. Iinjineli ziphuhlisa ithiyori yobukrelekrele bokufundisa ukufundisa, kwaye abafundi bezonyango bafunda ngokwekliniki.
Iworkshop ibandakanya intetho, izifundo, inkqubo ekhokelayo. Kwisifundo sokuqala, sijonga iikhonsepthi ezikhethiweyo zohlalutyo lwedatha kwii-bioStoStostics, kubandakanya ukuzaliswa kwedatha, i-remorence yesondlo, kunye nokuthelekiswa kwezibalo ezichazayo nezichazayo. Nangona uhlalutyo lwedatha sisiseko sobukrelekrele bokwenzela, sibakhupheli izihloko ezinjengeembiwa kwedatha, uvavanyo lokuthetha, okanye ukubonwa kwentsingiselo. Oku kubangelwe kukunqongophala kwexesha kwaye ngenxa yokuba ezinye abafundi abafunda phantsi babeqeqeshekile kwii-bioStoStorics kwaye bafuna ukugubungela izihloko ezizodwa ezizodwa. Inkcazo elandelayo yazisa iindlela zangoku kwaye ixoxa malunga nokuqulunqwa kwengxaki ye-AI, izibonelelo kunye nokusikelwa umda kweemodeli ze-AI, kunye novavanyo lwemodeli. Izifundo zixhaswe luNcwadi noPhando olusebenzayo kwizixhobo ezikhoyo zobukrelekrele. Sigxininisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuvavanya ukusebenza nokunokwenzeka kwemodeli ukulungisa imibuzo yeklinikhi, kubandakanya nokuqonda ukusikelwa kwezixhobo zobuntlola ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, sacela abafundi ukuba batolike izikhokelo zokulimala i-Properic I-Kupperman et Al., 5 ephumeze i-algorithm yomthi we-algorithm ukufumanisa ukuba iskena ye-CT iya kuba luncedo ekuvavanyweni kukagqirha. Siyagxininisa ukuba lo ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo we-AI obonelela ngohlalutyo lwamagqabantshintshi ukuba amagqirha ukuba atolike, kunokuba athathe indawo yamagqirha.
Kwimizekelo ye-bootstrap ekhoyo ye-bootstrap evulekileyo (https //gith.ibcaimd.gim.io/Amree.iio/ambuming.io/Amrming.o/tramgramc), sinciphise indlela yokufumana iMpilo, noqeqesho . novavanyo. Sisebenzisa iincwadana ze-Google Coloctory (Google LLC, ukujonga kwentaba, ca), evumela ikhowudi yePython ukuba iphunyezwe kwi-browser yewebhu. Kwi-Fig. Umzobo 2 ubonelela ngomzekelo womsebenzi wokuzilolonga. Lo msebenzi ubandakanya uqikelelwa ngamandla ukusebenzisa i-Wisconsin Daganing vimes6 kunye ne-algorithm yomthi we-algorithm.
Iinkqubo ezikhoyo kwiveki yonke kwizihloko ezinxulumene nazo kwaye ukhethe Imizekelo kwizicelo ze-AI. Izinto zokwenziwa kwenkqubo zibandakanyiwe kuphela ukuba zithathwa njengezizo zokuziqhelanisa nezonyango zexesha elizayo, ezinje ngendlela yokuvavanya iimodeli ukufumanisa ukuba bakulungele ukusetyenziswa kwezilingo zeklinikhi. Le mizekelo isiphambuka kwisicelo esiphelelwe lixesha esiphelelwe lixesha esichaza amathumba njenge-sumper okanye ombi ngokusekwe kwimifanekiso yemifanekiso yezonyango.
I-heterogeneity yolwazi lwangaphambili. Abathathi-nxaxheba bethu bahluka kwinqanaba labo lolwazi lwezibalo. Umzekelo, abafundi abanemvelaphi yobunjineli bobunjineli bajonge izinto ezinzulu kakhulu, njengendlela yokwenza eyabo iguqukile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxoxa malunga ne-algorithm ye-4erier eklasini akunakwenzeka kuba ifuna ulwazi olunzulu lokuqhubekeka.
Ukuphuma kwekhompyutha. Ukuzimasa iintlanganiso zokulandela iintlanganiso zaye zahla, ngakumbi kwiifomati ezikwi-intanethi. Isisombululo sinokubangela ukubakho kokuhamba isikolo kunye nokubonelela ngesatifikethi sokugqitywa. Izikolo zezonyango zaziwa ukuba ziqaphele imisebenzi yokufunda yabafundi, enokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba balandele isidanga.
Uyilo lwekhosi: Kungenxa yokuba i-AI SPARSSINESS ezininzi kakhulu, ukukhetha iikhonsepthi eziphambili zobunzulu obufanelekileyo kunye nobubanzi kunokuba lucelomngeni. Umzekelo, ukuqhubeka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-AI kwilabhoratri ekliniki sisihloko esibalulekileyo. Ngelixa siqokelela i-dataprocessopting yedatha, isakhiwo semodeli, kunye nokuqinisekiswa, asizibandakanyi izihloko ezinje ngohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu, ekuboneni okusebenzayo, okanye ukwenza iingcinga zezonyango ze-AI. Umgaqo wethu osikhokelayo kukuphucula ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, hayi ubuchule. Umzekelo, ukuqonda ukuba imodeli yeenkqubo zemodeli ibalulekile kangakanani ekutolikeni. Enye indlela yokwenza le nto kukusebenzisa imephu zokuvula iigrafu, ezinokuthi zibe nomfanekiso ngqondweni wuphi imimandla yedatha eqikelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuna ukubalwa kwezinto ezininzi kwaye akunakwaziswa8. Ukuphuhliswa kwesigama esiqhelekileyo kwakunzima kuba sizama ukuchaza indlela yokusebenza nedatha njengeeverikisi ngaphandle kweMathematics. Qaphela ukuba amagama ahlukeneyo anentsingiselo efanayo, umzekelo, kwi-pidemiology, "uphawu" oluchazwa njenge "uphawu" oluguqukayo okanye "."
Ukugcinwa kolwazi. Kuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI inqongophele, indlela abathathi-nxaxheba bagcina ulwazi lusabonakala. Ikharityhula yeKharityhula yezikolo yezonyango ixhomekeke kwi-spaytition yokuphindaphinda yomeleze ulwazi ngexesha lokujikeleza okusebenzayo, eli-9 elinokusetyenziswa kwimfundo ye-AI.
Ubungcali bubaluleke ngaphezu kokubhala. Ubunzulu bezinto ezibonakalayo zenziwe ngaphandle kokungcwaba kwemathematics, eyayinengxaki xa kuqangululwa iikhosi zeklinikhi kwibukrelekrele. Kwimizekelo emiselweyo, sisebenzisa inkqubo yetemplate evumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bagcwalise imihlaba kwaye basebenzise isoftware ngaphandle kokufumanisa ukuba ungayibeka njani imeko yenkqubo epheleleyo.
Inkxalabo malunga nobukrelekrele bokwenyama baqwalaselwa: Kukho inkxalabo exhaphakileyo yokuba ubukrelekrele bobuchule bunokuthatha indawo yemisebenzi yeklinikhi3. Ukujongana nalo mba, sichaza umda we-AI, kubandakanya nenyaniso yokuba phantse bonke ubuchwepheshe be-AI abavunyiweyo ngabalawuli bafuna i-Loorpavishini yeliso logqirha. Sikwagxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha kuba ii-algorithms zithambekele kwi-Bias, ngakumbi ukuba iseti yedatha iseti ayifani12. Ngenxa yoko, iqela elithile elincinci linokulinganiswa ngokungachanekanga, kukhokelela kwizigqibo zeklinikhi ezingekhoyo.
Izixhobo zifumaneka esidlangalaleni: Senze izixhobo ezifumanekayo esidlangalaleni, kubandakanya isilayidi seZilayidi kunye neKhowudi. Although access to synchronous content is limited due to time zones, open source content is a convenient method for asynchronous learning since AI expertise is not available at all medical schools.
Intsebenzo yentsebenzo yentsebenzo: Eli scorction yindawo yokuhlangana eqaliswe ngabafundi bezonyango ukuba bacwangcise izifundo kunye neenjineli. Oku kubonisa amathuba okusebenzisana kunye nezithuba zolwazi kuzo zombini iindawo, ukuvumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba baqonde indima enokuba negalelo kwixesha elizayo.
Chaza ubuchule obucacileyo be-AI. Ukuchaza uluhlu lwezakhono kubonelela ngesakhiwo esimiselweyo esinokuhlanganiswa kwikharityhula yonyango esekwe kwizonyango. Lo masifundisane asebenzisa amanqanaba eenjongo zokufunda 2 (Uvavanyo), 3 (isicelo), kunye no-4 (uhlalutyo) lwerhafu yebloom. Ukuba nezibonelelo kumanqanaba aphezulu okubanjwa, njengokudalwa kweeprojekthi, kunokuqinisa ngakumbi ulwazi. Oku kufuna ukuba kusebenze kunye neengcali zeklinikhi ukugqiba ukuba zinokufakwa njani imixholo ye-AI kunye nokuthintela ukufundiswa kwezihloko eziphindayo eziphindaphindwayo esele zibandakanyiwe kwimigangatho yezonyango.
Yenza izifundo zetyala usebenzisa i-AI. Ukufana nemizekelo yeklinikhi, ukufunda okusekwe kwimeko kunokuqinisa iikhonsepthi ezingaqhelekanga ngokuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwazo kwimibuzo yekliniki. Umzekelo, umfundi ngamnye wocweyo ohlalutyo lweSifo seswekile yeSifo seSifo seSifo seSifo seSifo seSifo seSifo seSifo se-AI.
Sebenzisa imfundo yokufunda Isisombululo esinye esinokubakho yimodeli eseklasini efihlakeleyo, ebiye yaxelwa ukuphucula ukugcinwa kolwazi kwimfundo yobunjineli14. Kule modeli, abafundi bajonga kwakhona izinto zethiyori zethiyori kunye nexesha leklasi zinikezelwe ekusombululeni iingxaki ngokwezifundo.
Ukutyhila abathathi-nxaxheba: Sifuna ukuba umntwana abe ngowakho olubandakanya ukusebenzisana intsebenziswano kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kubandakanya amagqirha kunye neengcali zempilo ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, kusenokufuna ikharityhulamu yokubonisana nekhathuni elivela kumasebe ahlukeneyo ukulungiselela umxholo wazo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokhathalelo lwempilo.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenyama buyiTekhnoloji ephezulu kunye neekhonsepthi zayo eziphambili zihambelana nenzululwazi yemathematics kunye nezekhompyuter. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abanempilo yokuqonda ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa kubonisa imiceli mngeni eyodwa kunyulo lomxholo, ukubaluleka kweklinikhi, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa. Sinethemba lokuba ukuqonda okufunyenwe kwi-AI kwiindibano zocweyo zemfundo kuya kunceda ootitshala bexesha elizayo bokudibanisa iindlela zezonyango.
Iskripthi seGoogle Cython Python Python Python Python Python Python i-Python i-Python Python i-Python i-Python Python i-Python Python Python i-Python Python i-Python Python i-Python i-Python i-Python Python i-Python i-Python isuti kwaye ifumaneke kwi-: https: //gith.ibcaimd/ubcaimed.gith.io/tree/tree/tree / Master/tree/tree/tree / Master/tree/tree / Master/tree/tree / Master/tree/tree/tree / Master/tree/tree/tree / Master/tree/asree /
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Ababhali babulela uDanielle Walker, uTimccudin, noPeter Zandstra ukusuka kwiqela le-biomedracal kunye neqela lophando lokuqulunqwa kwengqondo kwiDyunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia ngenkxaso kunye nenkxaso-mali.
I-RH, i-PP, zh, i-ZH, i-RS ne-ma babenoxanduva lokuphuhlisa umxholo wokufundisa weworkshop. I-RH ne-PP yayinoxanduva lokuphuhlisa imizekelo yenkqubo. I-kyf, i-oy, mt kunye ne-PW babenoxanduva lombutho weprojekthi kunye nohlalutyo lweendibano zocweyo. I-RH, OY, MT, i-RS ibinoxanduva lokwenza amanani kunye neetafile. I-RH, kyf, pp, zh, zh, oy, yam, i-TL, i-TL, Ma, i-RS ibinoxanduva lokuyila nokuhlela olu xwebhu.
Igqirha wonxibelelwano ebulela uCarolyn McGregor, iFabio Moraes, kunye ne-Antia Borakati ngegalelo labo kuhlolo lomsebenzi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: NgoFebruwari-19 ukuya ku-2004