Itekhnoloji ye-Augmented reality (AR) ibonakalise ukuba iyasebenza ekuboniseni ulwazi kunye nokubonisa izinto ze-3D. Nangona abafundi behlala besebenzisa usetyenziso lwe-AR ngezixhobo eziphathwayo, iimodeli zeplastiki okanye imifanekiso ye-2D zisasetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithambo yokusika amazinyo. Ngenxa yendalo yamazinyo enamacala amathathu, abafundi bokukrola amazinyo bajongene nemingeni ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo ezikhoyo ezibonelela ngesikhokelo esihambelanayo. Kolu phononongo, siphuhlise isixhobo soqeqesho lokukrola amazinyo esisekelwe kwi-AR (AR-TCPT) saza sasithelekisa nemodeli yeplastiki ukuvavanya amandla aso njengesixhobo sokuziqhelanisa kunye namava okusetyenziswa kwaso.
Ukuze silinganise amazinyo okusika, senze into ye-3D ngokulandelelana eyayiquka i-maxillary canine kunye ne-maxillary first premolar (inyathelo le-16), i-mandibular first premolar (inyathelo le-13), kunye ne-mandibular first molar (inyathelo le-14). Iimpawu zemifanekiso ezenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop zabelwa izinyo ngalinye. Zenze usetyenziso lweselula olusekelwe kwi-AR kusetyenziswa injini ye-Unity. Kwi-dental carving, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-52 babelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiqela lolawulo (n = 26; kusetyenziswa iimodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki) okanye iqela lovavanyo (n = 26; kusetyenziswa i-AR-TCPT). Kusetyenziswe iphepha lemibuzo lezinto ezingama-22 ukuvavanya amava omsebenzisi. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yokuthelekisa lwenziwe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-Mann-Whitney U olungelulo lwe-parametric ngenkqubo ye-SPSS.
I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo ukubona iimpawu zomfanekiso kunye nokubonisa izinto ze-3D zeziqwenga zamazinyo. Abasebenzisi banokulawula isixhobo ukuze bahlole inyathelo ngalinye okanye bafunde imilo yezinyo. Iziphumo zophando lwamava omsebenzisi zibonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo elisebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki, iqela lovavanyo lwe-AR-TCPT lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kumava okusika amazinyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki zemveli, i-AR-TCPT inika amava angcono kumsebenzisi xa esika amazinyo. Esi sixhobo kulula ukusifumana njengoko senzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo ukuze kuchongwe impembelelo yemfundo ye-AR-TCTP ekulinganisweni kwamazinyo aqoshiweyo kunye nobuchule bomsebenzisi bokubumba.
Imo yamazinyo kunye noqheliso olusebenzayo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekharityhulam yamazinyo. Le khosi inika isikhokelo sethiyori nesisebenzayo malunga nemo, umsebenzi kunye nokukrola ngokuthe ngqo izakhiwo zamazinyo [1, 2]. Indlela yendabuko yokufundisa kukufunda ngokwethiyori uze emva koko wenze ukukrola amazinyo ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo efundiweyo. Abafundi basebenzisa imifanekiso enamacala amabini (2D) yamazinyo kunye neemodeli zeplastiki ukukrola amazinyo kwiibhloko zewax okanye zeplasta [3,4,5]. Ukuqonda imo yamazinyo kubalulekile kunyango lokubuyisela kunye nokwenza ukubuyiselwa kwamazinyo kwindlela yokwelapha. Ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi kwamazinyo achaseneyo namazinyo akufutshane, njengoko kuboniswe yimo yawo, kubalulekile ukugcina uzinzo lwe-occlusal kunye nesikhundla [6, 7]. Nangona iikhosi zamazinyo zinokunceda abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo imo yamazinyo, basajongene nemingeni kwinkqubo yokusika enxulumene nezenzo zesintu.
Abantu abatsha kwindlela yokwenza umzobo wamazinyo bajongene nomngeni wokutolika nokuphinda bavelise imifanekiso ye-2D kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu (3D) [8,9,10]. Iimilo zamazinyo zihlala zimelwa yimizobo okanye iifoto ezinemilinganiselo emibini, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima ekuqondeni imo yamazinyo. Ukongeza, imfuneko yokwenza ngokukhawuleza ukukrola amazinyo kwindawo ethile nexesha elilinganiselweyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ye-2D, yenza kube nzima kubafundi ukuqiqa nokubona iimilo ze-3D [11]. Nangona iimodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki (ezinokubonakaliswa njengezigqityiweyo okanye ezikwimo yokugqibela) zinceda ekufundiseni, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulinganiselwe kuba iimodeli zeplastiki zorhwebo zihlala zichazwe kwangaphambili kwaye zinciphisa amathuba okuziqhelanisa kootitshala nakubafundi [4]. Ukongeza, ezi modeli zokuzilolonga ziphantsi kwesikhungo semfundo kwaye azinakuba phantsi kwabafundi ngabanye, nto leyo ebangela umthwalo omninzi wokuzilolonga ngexesha leklasi elibekiweyo. Abaqeqeshi badla ngokufundisa inani elikhulu labafundi ngexesha lokuzilolonga kwaye badla ngokuxhomekeka kwiindlela zokuzilolonga zemveli, nto leyo enokubangela ukulinda ixesha elide impendulo yomqeqeshi kwizigaba eziphakathi zokukrola [12]. Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko yesikhokelo sokuqopha ukuze kube lula ukwenza umkhwa wokuqopha amazinyo nokunciphisa imida ebekwa ziimodeli zeplastiki.
Itekhnoloji ye-Augmented reality (AR) ivele njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuphucula amava okufunda. Ngokugubungela ulwazi lwedijithali kwindawo yokwenyani, itekhnoloji ye-AR inokubonelela abafundi ngamava asebenzisanayo nangena kakhulu [13]. UGarzón [14] usebenzise amava eminyaka engama-25 kwizizukulwana ezintathu zokuqala zohlelo lwemfundo ye-AR kwaye wathi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeselula ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezicelo (ngezixhobo zeselula kunye nezicelo) kwisizukulwana sesibini se-AR kuphucule kakhulu iimpawu zokufikelela kwimfundo. . Nje ukuba yenziwe kwaye ifakiwe, izicelo zeselula zivumela ikhamera ukuba iqaphele kwaye ibonise ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nezinto eziqatshelweyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amava omsebenzisi [15, 16]. Itekhnoloji ye-AR isebenza ngokuqaphela ngokukhawuleza ikhowudi okanye ithegi yomfanekiso kwikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo, ibonisa ulwazi olungaphezulu lwe-3D xa lufunyenwe [17]. Ngokulawula izixhobo zeselula okanye iimpawu zomfanekiso, abasebenzisi banokujonga kwaye baqonde izakhiwo ze-3D ngokulula nangokuqonda [18]. Kuphononongo luka-Akçayır no-Akçayır [19], i-AR ifunyenwe inyusa "ulonwabo" kwaye "inyusa ngempumelelo amanqanaba okuthatha inxaxheba ekufundeni." Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bedatha, obu buchwephesha bunokuba "nzima kubafundi ukuba babusebenzise" kwaye bubangele "ukugqithisa kwengqondo," okufuna iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokufundisa [19, 20, 21]. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokuphucula ixabiso lemfundo le-AR ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokunciphisa ukugqithisa okuntsonkothileyo kwemisebenzi. Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-AR ukwenza izixhobo zemfundo zokuziqhelanisa nokusika amazinyo.
Ukuze kulandelwe inkqubo eqhubekayo kubafundi ekuqopheni amazinyo kusetyenziswa iindawo ze-AR, kufuneka kulandelwe inkqubo eqhubekayo. Le ndlela inokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuguquguquka nokukhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwezakhono [22]. Abaqophi abaqalayo banokuphucula umgangatho womsebenzi wabo ngokulandela inkqubo yedijithali yokuqopha amazinyo inyathelo ngenyathelo [23]. Enyanisweni, indlela yoqeqesho inyathelo ngenyathelo ibonakalisiwe ukuba iyasebenza ekuqondeni izakhono zokuqopha ngexesha elifutshane kwaye inciphise iimpazamo kuyilo lokugqibela lokubuyiselwa [24]. Kwicandelo lokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuqopha kumphezulu wamazinyo yindlela esebenzayo yokunceda abafundi baphucule izakhono zabo [25]. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuphuhliseni isixhobo sokuziqhelanisa nokuchonga amazinyo esisekelwe kwi-AR (AR-TCPT) esifanelekileyo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kwaye sivavanye amava aso kumsebenzisi. Ukongeza, uphando luthelekise amava omsebenzisi we-AR-TCPT kunye neemodeli ze-resin zamazinyo zendabuko ukuvavanya amandla e-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
I-AR-TCPT yenzelwe izixhobo eziphathwayo kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-AR. Esi sixhobo senzelwe ukwenza iimodeli ze-3D ze-maxillary canines, i-maxillary first premolars, i-mandibular first premolars, kunye ne-mandibular first molars. Imodeli yokuqala ye-3D yenziwe kusetyenziswa i-3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), kwaye imodeli yokugqibela yenziwe kusetyenziswa iphakheji yesoftware ye-Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA). Ukumakishwa komfanekiso kwenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), eyenzelwe ukuqatshelwa okuzinzileyo ziikhamera eziphathwayo, kwinjini ye-Vuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia.com)). Isicelo se-AR sisetyenziswa kusetyenziswa injini ye-Unity (nge-12 kaMatshi 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) kwaye emva koko yafakwa yaza yaqaliswa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuchwela amazinyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bakhethwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiklasi yokuchwela amazinyo ka-2023 ukuze benze iqela lolawulo kunye neqela lovavanyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lovavanyo basebenzise i-AR-TCPT, kwaye iqela lolawulo lisebenzise iimodeli zeplastiki ezivela kwi-Tooth Carving Step Model Kit (iNissin Dental Co., eJapan). Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wokusika amazinyo, amava omsebenzisi wesixhobo ngasinye esisebenza ngezandla aphandwe kwaye athelekiswa. Ukuhamba koyilo lophando kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Olu phononongo lwenziwe ngemvume yeBhodi yokuHlola iZiko leYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseMzantsi Seoul (inombolo ye-IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Imodeli ye-3D isetyenziselwa ukubonisa rhoqo iimpawu zesimo sezakhiwo ezivelelayo nezigobileyo zeendawo zamazinyo ezisezantsi, ezikude, ezisezantsi, eziphantsi, ezilulwimi nezingaphantsi ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika. Amazinyo okuqala e-premolar e-maxillary canine kunye ne-maxillary akhiwe njengenqanaba le-16, i-premolar yokuqala ye-mandibular njengenqanaba le-13, kunye ne-molar yokuqala ye-mandibular njengenqanaba le-14. Imodeli yokuqala ibonisa iindawo ezifuna ukususwa kwaye zigcinwe ngokulandelelana kweefilimu zamazinyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. 2. Ulandelelwano lokugqibela lwemodeli yamazinyo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Kwimodeli yokugqibela, ubume, imiqolo kunye nemingxunya ichaza isakhiwo esixinyiweyo sezinyo, kwaye ulwazi lomfanekiso lufakiwe ukukhokela inkqubo yokusika kunye nokugqamisa izakhiwo ezifuna ingqalelo esondeleyo. Ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokusika, umphezulu ngamnye unemibala ukubonisa indlela ojongwa ngayo, kwaye ibhloko ye-wax iphawulwe ngemigca eqinileyo ebonisa iindawo ezifuna ukususwa. Imiphezulu ye-mesial kunye ne-distal yezinyo iphawulwe ngamachaphaza abomvu ukubonisa iindawo zokunxibelelana kwezinyo eziza kuhlala njengee-projection kwaye aziyi kususwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika. Kumphezulu we-occlusal, amachaphaza abomvu aphawula i-cusp nganye njengegciniweyo, kwaye iintolo ezibomvu zibonisa icala lokudweba xa kusikwa ibhloko ye-wax. Imodeli ye-3D yeendawo ezigciniweyo nezisusiweyo ivumela ukuqinisekiswa kohlobo lweendawo ezisusiweyo ngexesha lamanyathelo alandelayo okuzoba iibhloko ze-wax.
Yenza ukulinganisa kokuqala kwezinto ze-3D kwinkqubo yokusika amazinyo inyathelo ngenyathelo. a: Umphezulu we-Mesial we-premolar yokuqala ye-maxillary; b: Imiphezulu ye-labial ephezulu kancinci kunye ne-mesial ye-premolar yokuqala ye-maxillary; c: Umphezulu we-Mesial we-molar yokuqala ye-maxillary; d: Umphezulu we-maxillary omncinci we-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar kunye nomphezulu we-mesiobuccal. umphezulu. B - isidlele; La - isandi se-labial; M - isandi se-medial.
Izinto ezinemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) zimele inkqubo yenyathelo ngenyathelo yokusika amazinyo. Le foto ibonisa into egqityiweyo ye-3D emva kwenkqubo yokumodareyitha yokuqala ye-maxillary, ibonisa iinkcukacha kunye nobume benyathelo ngalinye elilandelayo. Idatha yesibini yokumodareyitha ye-3D ibandakanya into yokugqibela ye-3D ephuculweyo kwisixhobo esiphathwayo. Imigca enamachaphaza imele amacandelo ahlulwe ngokulinganayo ezinyo, kwaye amacandelo ahlulweyo amele lawo kufuneka asuswe ngaphambi kokuba icandelo elinomgca oqinileyo lifakwe. Utolo olubomvu lwe-3D lubonisa indlela yokusika izinyo, isangqa esibomvu kumphezulu othe tyaba libonisa indawo yokudibana kwezinyo, kwaye isilinda esibomvu kumphezulu othe tyaba libonisa i-cusp yezinyo. a: imigca enamachaphaza, imigca eqinileyo, izangqa ezibomvu kumphezulu othe tyaba kunye namanyathelo abonisa ibhloko yewax enokususwa. b: Ukugqitywa okuqikelelweyo kokwakheka kwe-molar yokuqala yomhlathi ongaphezulu. c: Umbono ocacileyo we-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar, utolo olubomvu lubonisa indlela yezinyo kunye nomsonto we-spacer, i-cusp ebomvu ye-cylindrical, umgca oqinileyo ubonisa inxalenye eza kunqunyulwa kumphezulu othe tyaba. d: I-maxillary first molar epheleleyo.
Ukuze kube lula ukuchongwa kwamanyathelo okusika alandelelanayo kusetyenziswa isixhobo esiphathwayo, kwalungiselelwa iimpawu ezine zemifanekiso ze-mandibular first molar, i-mandibular first premolar, i-maxillary first molar, kunye ne-maxillary canine. Iimpawu zemifanekiso zenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yePhotoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) kwaye zasebenzisa iimpawu zamanani ajikelezayo kunye nephethini ephindaphindayo yangasemva ukwahlula izinyo ngalinye, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Yenza iimpawu zemifanekiso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu usebenzisa injini yeVuforia (isoftware yokudala uphawu lwe-AR), kwaye wenze kwaye ugcine iimpawu zemifanekiso usebenzisa injini ye-Unity emva kokufumana izinga lokuqatshelwa kweenkwenkwezi ezintlanu kuhlobo olunye lomfanekiso. Imodeli yezinyo le-3D idityaniswa kancinci kancinci kwiimpawu zemifanekiso, kwaye indawo kunye nobukhulu bayo bumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemifanekiso. Isebenzisa injini ye-Unity kunye nezicelo ze-Android ezinokufakwa kwizixhobo zeselfowuni.
Ithegi yomfanekiso. Ezi foto zibonisa iimpawu zomfanekiso ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo, eziqatshelwa yikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo ngohlobo lwamazinyo (inombolo kwisangqa ngasinye). a: intlaka yokuqala yentlaka yangaphantsi; b: intlaka yokuqala yentlaka yangaphantsi; c: intlaka yokuqala yentlaka yangaphantsi; d: inja enkulu.
Abathathi-nxaxheba baqeshwe kwiklasi yokuqala yokusebenza kwimo yamazinyo kwiSebe lezeMpilo yaMazinyo, kwiYunivesithi yaseSeong, eGyeonggi-do. Abathathi-nxaxheba abanokubakho baxelelwe oku kulandelayo: (1) Ukuthatha inxaxheba kukuzithandela kwaye akubandakanyi mvuzo wemali okanye wezemfundo; (2) Iqela lolawulo liza kusebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki, kwaye iqela lovavanyo liza kusebenzisa usetyenziso lweselula lwe-AR; (3) uvavanyo luza kuthatha iiveki ezintathu kwaye lubandakanye amazinyo amathathu; (4) Abasebenzisi be-Android baza kufumana ikhonkco lokufaka usetyenziso, kwaye abasebenzisi be-iOS baza kufumana isixhobo se-Android esine-AR-TCPT efakiweyo; (5) I-AR-TCTP iya kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombini iinkqubo; (6) Nika iqela lolawulo ngokungacwangciswanga kunye neqela lovavanyo; (7) Ukucheba amazinyo kuya kwenziwa kwiilabhoratri ezahlukeneyo; (8) Emva kovavanyo, kuya kwenziwa izifundo ezingama-22; (9) Iqela lolawulo lingasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT emva kovavanyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-52 bazinikele, kwaye ifomu yemvume ekwi-intanethi yafunyanwa kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye. Ulawulo (n = 26) kunye namaqela ovavanyo (n = 26) anikwe ngokungacwangciswanga kusetyenziswa umsebenzi ongacwangciswanga kwiMicrosoft Excel (2016, eRedmond, e-USA). Umfanekiso 5 ubonisa ukuqeshwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye noyilo lovavanyo kwitshathi yokuhamba.
Uyilo lophando lokuphonononga amava abathathi-nxaxheba ngeemodeli zeplastiki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwenyani eziphuculweyo.
Ukususela nge-27 kaMatshi 2023, iqela lovavanyo kunye neqela lolawulo lisebenzise iimodeli ze-AR-TCPT kunye neplastiki ukukrola amazinyo amathathu, ngokulandelelana, kangangeeveki ezintathu. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakrole ii-premolars kunye nee-molars, kubandakanya i-mandibular first molar, i-mandibular first premolar, kunye ne-maxillary first premolar, zonke zineempawu ezintsonkothileyo zemo. Izinja ze-maxillary azifakwanga kwi-sculpture. Abathathi-nxaxheba baneeyure ezintathu ngeveki zokukrola izinyo. Emva kokwenziwa kwezinyo, iimodeli zeplastiki kunye neemaki zemifanekiso zamaqela olawulo kunye nawovavanyo, ngokulandelelana, zakhutshwa. Ngaphandle kokuqatshelwa kweleyibhile yomfanekiso, izinto zamazinyo ze-3D aziphuculwa yi-AR-TCTP. Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa, amaqela ovavanyo kunye nawolawulo ayeziqhelanisa nokukrola amazinyo kumagumbi ahlukeneyo. Ingxelo malunga nokuma kwamazinyo yanikezelwa kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuphela kovavanyo ukunciphisa impembelelo yemiyalelo yotitshala. Iphepha lemibuzo laqhutywa emva kokuba ukunqunyulwa kwee-mandibular first molars kugqityiwe kwiveki yesithathu ka-Epreli. Iphepha lemibuzo elilungisiweyo elivela kuSanders et al. Alfala et al. basebenzise imibuzo engama-23 evela ku-[26]. [27] bavavanye umahluko kwisimo sentliziyo phakathi kwezixhobo zokuziqhelanisa. Nangona kunjalo, kolu phononongo, into enye yokuphathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba ngalinye ayifakwanga kwi-Alfalah et al. [27]. Izinto ezingama-22 ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1. Amaqela olawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo ayenexabiso likaCronbach le-α elingu-0.587 kunye ne-0.912, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yezibalo ye-SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Uvavanyo lokubaluleka olumacala mabini lwenziwe kwinqanaba lokubaluleka le-0.05. Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lukaFisher lusetyenziselwe ukuhlalutya iimpawu ngokubanzi ezifana nesini, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava okusika amazinyo ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwezi mpawu phakathi kwamaqela olawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo. Iziphumo zovavanyo lukaShapiro-Wilk zibonise ukuba idatha yophando yayingasasazwa rhoqo (p < 0.05). Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lweMann-Whitney U olungelulo lweparametric lusetyenziselwe ukuthelekisa amaqela olawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo.
Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha lomsebenzi wokukrola amazinyo ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Umfanekiso 6a ubonisa imodeli yeplastiki, kwaye uMfanekiso 6b-d ubonisa i-AR-TCPT esetyenziswa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo. I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yesixhobo ukuchonga iimpawu zomfanekiso kwaye ibonisa into yamazinyo ephuculweyo ye-3D kwisikrini abanokuthi abathathi-nxaxheba bayilawule kwaye bayibone ngexesha langempela. Amaqhosha athi "Okulandelayo" kunye "Nangaphambili" kwisixhobo esiphathwayo akuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokweenkcukacha amanqanaba okukrola kunye neempawu zesimo samazinyo. Ukuze benze izinyo, abasebenzisi be-AR-TCPT bathelekisa ngokulandelelana imodeli yamazinyo ephuculweyo ye-3D kwisikrini kunye nebhloko yewax.
Ukuziqhelanisa nokusika amazinyo. Le foto ibonisa uthelekiso phakathi kwendlela yokusika amazinyo yendabuko (TCP) kusetyenziswa iimodeli zeplastiki kunye ne-TCP yenyathelo ngenyathelo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-augmented reality. Abafundi banokubukela amanyathelo okusika e-3D ngokucofa amaqhosha athi Okulandelayo kunye nawangaphambili. a: Imodeli yeplastiki kwiseti yeemodeli zenyathelo ngenyathelo zokusika amazinyo. b: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo se-augmented reality kwinqanaba lokuqala le-mandibular first premolar. c: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo se-augmented reality ngexesha lesigaba sokugqibela sokwakheka kwe-mandibular first premolar. d: Inkqubo yokuchonga imiqolo kunye nemingxunya. IM, ilebhile yomfanekiso; MD, isixhobo esiphathwayo; I-NSB, iqhosha elithi “Okulandelayo”; I-PSB, iqhosha elithi “Okudlulileyo”; I-SMD, isibambi sesixhobo esiphathwayo; I-TC, umatshini wokukrola amazinyo; I-W, ibhloko yewax
Akukho mahluko abalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amabini abathathi-nxaxheba abakhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga ngokwesini, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava okukrola amazinyo (p > 0.05). Iqela lolawulo lalinabafazi abangama-96.2% (n = 25) kunye namadoda angama-3.8% (n = 1), ngelixa iqela lovavanyo lalinabafazi kuphela (n = 26). Iqela lolawulo lalinabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-61.5% (n = 16) abaneminyaka engama-20, abangama-26.9% (n = 7) abaneminyaka engama-21, kunye nama-11.5% (n = 3) abaneminyaka engama-≥ 22, emva koko iqela lolawulo lovavanyo lalinabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-73.1% (n = 19) abaneminyaka engama-20, abangama-19.2% (n = 5) abaneminyaka engama-21, kunye nama-7.7% (n = 2) abaneminyaka engama-≥ 22. Ngokuphathelele indawo yokuhlala, ama-69.2% (n=18) eqela lolawulo ahlala eGyeonggi-do, kwaye ama-23.1% (n=6) ahlala eSeoul. Xa kuthelekiswa, ama-50.0% (n = 13) eqela lovavanyo ahlala eGyeonggi-do, kwaye ama-46.2% (n = 12) ahlala eSeoul. Umlinganiselo wamaqela olawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo ahlala e-Incheon yayingu-7.7% (n = 2) kunye ne-3.8% (n = 1), ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwiqela lolawulo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-25 (96.2%) babengenalo amava ngaphambili ngokusika amazinyo. Ngokufanayo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-26 (100%) kwiqela lovavanyo babengenawo amava ngaphambili ngokusika amazinyo.
Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa izibalo ezichazayo kunye nothelekiso lwezibalo lweempendulo zeqela ngalinye kwizinto ezingama-22 zophando. Bekukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela kwiimpendulo zezinto ezingama-22 zemibuzo (p < 0.01). Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, iqela lovavanyo lalinamanqaku aphezulu aphakathi kwizinto ezingama-21 zemibuzo. Kuphela kumbuzo 20 (Q20) wemibuzo apho iqela lolawulo lafumana amanqaku aphezulu kuneqela lovavanyo. I-histogram ekuMfanekiso 7 ibonisa ngokubonakalayo umahluko kumanqaku aphakathi phakathi kwamaqela. Itheyibhile 2; Umfanekiso 7 ukwabonisa iziphumo zamava omsebenzisi kwiprojekthi nganye. Kwiqela lolawulo, into efumene amanqaku aphezulu yayinombuzo Q21, kwaye into efumene amanqaku aphantsi yayinombuzo Q6. Kwiqela lovavanyo, into efumene amanqaku aphezulu yayinombuzo Q13, kwaye into efumene amanqaku aphantsi yayinombuzo Q20. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweqela lolawulo kunye neqela lovavanyo ubonwa kuMbuzo 6, kwaye umahluko omncinci ubonwa kuMbuzo 22.
Uthelekiso lwamanqaku emibuzo. Igrafu yebha ethelekisa amanqaku aphakathi eqela lolawulo kusetyenziswa imodeli yeplastiki kunye neqela lovavanyo kusetyenziswa usetyenziso lwe-augmented reality. I-AR-TCPT, isixhobo sokuziqhelanisa nokuchonga amazinyo esisekelwe kwi-augmented reality.
Itekhnoloji ye-AR iya ithandwa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwamazinyo, kubandakanya ubuhle beklinikhi, utyando lomlomo, itekhnoloji yokubuyisela, imo yamazinyo kunye ne-implantology, kunye nokulinganisa [28, 29, 30, 31]. Umzekelo, iMicrosoft HoloLens ibonelela ngezixhobo ze-augmented reality eziphambili ukuphucula imfundo yamazinyo kunye nocwangciso lotyando [32]. Itekhnoloji ye-Virtual reality ikwabonelela ngendawo yokulinganisa yokufundisa imo yamazinyo [33]. Nangona ezi ziboniso zixhonywe entloko ezixhomekeke kwizixhobo zingekafumaneki ngokubanzi kwimfundo yamazinyo, usetyenziso lwe-AR oluphathwayo lunokuphucula izakhono zokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi kwaye luncede abasebenzisi baqonde ngokukhawuleza i-anatomy [34, 35]. Itekhnoloji ye-AR inokunyusa inkuthazo yabafundi kunye nomdla wokufunda imo yamazinyo kwaye ibonelele ngamava okufunda asebenzisanayo nanomdla [36]. Izixhobo zokufunda ze-AR zinceda abafundi babone iinkqubo zamazinyo ezintsonkothileyo kunye ne-anatomy kwi-3D [37], nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekuqondeni imo yamazinyo.
Impembelelo yeemodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki eziprintiweyo ze-3D ekufundiseni imo yamazinyo sele ingcono kuneencwadi zezifundo ezinemifanekiso kunye neenkcazo ze-2D [38]. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenziwa kwemfundo kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwenze kwaba yimfuneko ukwazisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye netekhnoloji kwimfundo yezempilo kunye nezonyango, kubandakanya nemfundo yamazinyo [35]. Ootitshala bajongene nomngeni wokufundisa iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo kwicandelo eliguquka ngokukhawuleza neliguqukayo [39], elifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngezandla ukongeza kwiimodeli zeresin zamazinyo zemveli ukunceda abafundi kwindlela yokusika amazinyo. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo lubonisa isixhobo esisebenzayo se-AR-TCPT esisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-AR ukunceda kwindlela yokwenza imo yamazinyo.
Uphando ngamava omsebenzisi wezicelo ze-AR lubalulekile ekuqondeni izinto ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-multimedia [40]. Amava omsebenzisi we-AR alungileyo anokumisela indlela yophuhliso kunye nophuculo lwayo, kubandakanya injongo yayo, ukulula kokusetyenziswa, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuboniswa kolwazi, kunye nokusebenzisana [41]. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2, ngaphandle kwe-Q20, iqela lovavanyo elisebenzisa i-AR-TCPT lifumene amanqaku aphezulu amava omsebenzisi xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo elisebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki. Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki, amava okusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT kwimisebenzi yokukrola amazinyo anikwe amanqaku aphezulu. Uvavanyo luquka ukuqonda, ukubona, ukujonga, ukuphindaphinda, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokwahluka kwemibono. Iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT ziquka ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza, ukuhambahamba ngokufanelekileyo, ukonga ixesha, uphuhliso lwezakhono zokukrola ngaphambi kweklinikhi, ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo, ukufunda okuphuculweyo, ukuxhomekeka okuncitshisiweyo kweencwadi zezifundo, kunye nohlobo olusebenzisanayo, olumnandi, nolunolwazi lwamava. I-AR-TCPT ikwanceda ukusebenzisana nezinye izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa kwaye inika imibono ecacileyo evela kwiimbono ezininzi.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7, i-AR-TCPT icebise ingongoma eyongezelelweyo kumbuzo 20: ujongano olupheleleyo lomsebenzisi olubonisa onke amanyathelo okukrola amazinyo luyadingeka ukunceda abafundi benze ukukrola amazinyo. Ukubonakaliswa kwenkqubo yonke yokukrola amazinyo kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokukrola amazinyo ngaphambi kokunyanga izigulane. Iqela lovavanyo lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kwi-Q13, umbuzo osisiseko onxulumene nokunceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokukrola amazinyo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokunyanga izigulane, ugxininisa amandla esi sixhobo ekusebenzeni kokukrola amazinyo. Abasebenzisi bafuna ukusebenzisa izakhono abazifundayo kwimeko yeklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezilandelayo ziyafuneka ukuvavanya uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwezakhono zokwenyani zokukrola amazinyo. Umbuzo 6 ubuze ukuba ngaba iimodeli zeplastiki kunye ne-AR-TCTP zingasetyenziswa na ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye iimpendulo kulo mbuzo zibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela amabini. Njenge-app yeselula, i-AR-TCPT ibonakalise ukuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa xa ithelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, kusenzima ukubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemfundo kwee-apps ze-AR ngokusekelwe kumava omsebenzisi kuphela. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka ukuvavanya impembelelo ye-AR-TCTP kwiipilisi zamazinyo ezigqityiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kolu phononongo, amanqaku aphezulu amava omsebenzisi e-AR-TCPT abonisa amandla ayo njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
Olu phononongo lokuthelekisa lubonisa ukuba i-AR-TCPT inokuba yindlela exabisekileyo okanye eyongezelelekileyo kwiimodeli zeplastiki zemveli kwiiofisi zamazinyo, njengoko ifumene amanqaku amahle kakhulu ngokwemava omsebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukumisela ubungangamsha bayo kuya kufuna ukulinganiswa okungakumbi ngabafundisi bethambo eliphakathi nelokugqibela eliqingqiweyo. Ukongeza, impembelelo yomahluko ngamnye kubuchule bokubona indawo kwinkqubo yokusika kunye nezinyo lokugqibela nayo kufuneka ihlalutywe. Amandla amazinyo ayahluka kumntu nomntu, nto leyo enokuchaphazela inkqubo yokusika kunye nezinyo lokugqibela. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokusika amazinyo kunye nokuqonda indima yokuguqula kunye nokulawula yesicelo se-AR kwinkqubo yokusika. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxile ekuvavanyeni uphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo zemo yamazinyo kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-HoloLens AR ephucukileyo.
Ngamafutshane, olu phononongo lubonisa amandla e-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuziqhelanisa nokusika amazinyo njengoko inika abafundi amava okufunda anobuchule nasebenzisanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lemodeli yeplastiki yendabuko, iqela le-AR-TCPT libonise amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kumava omsebenzisi, kubandakanya izibonelelo ezifana nokuqonda okukhawulezayo, ukufunda okuphuculweyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwincwadi yesikolo. Ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuqhelekileyo kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, i-AR-TCPT inika enye indlela ethembisayo kwizixhobo zeplastiki zendabuko kwaye inokunceda abaqalayo ekusikeni i-3D. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo kwemfundo, kubandakanya impembelelo yayo kwizakhono zabantu zokusika kunye nokulinganisa amazinyo aqingqiweyo.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-25-2023