Itekhnoloji yenyani (i-AR) iqinisekiswe isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekubonakaliseni ulwazi kunye nokunikezela ngezinto ze-3D. Nangona abafundi behlala basebenzisa izicelo ze-AR ngezixhobo zeselfowuni, iimodeli zeplastiki okanye imifanekiso ye-2D zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithambo yamazinyo. Ngenxa yohlobo oluphezulu lwamazinyo, abafundi abathwele abantu abafuna ukuba bajamelane nemiceli mngeni ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo ezikhoyo ezibonelela ngesikhokelo. Kolu phononongo, saphuhlisa isixhobo soqeqesho olusekwe kumazinyo (i-AR-TCPT) kwaye sathelekisa nemodeli yeplastiki yokuvavanya amandla ayo njengesixhobo sokuziqhelanisa nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukulinganisa amazinyo okusika, sisebenza ngokulandelelana into ye-3D equka i-maxillary canmor kunye ne-maxillary yokuqala (inyathelo 16), i-mastiguar (inyathelo le-13), kunye ne-maillar yokuqala (inyathelo le-14). Abamakishi bemifanekiso benza kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-Photohop yabelwa amazinyo ngasinye. Ukuphuhliswa kwesicelo seselula esekwe kwi-AR-usebenzisa injini yomanyano. Kubanjwa kwamazinyo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-52 babelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiqela lolawulo (n = 26; ukusebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki) okanye iqela lovavanyo (N = 26; usebenzisa i-AR-TCPT). Iphepha lemibuzo le-22 lezinto ezingama-22 lasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amava abasebenzisi. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yokuthelekiswa yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-noparametric Mann-Whitney Uvavanyo lweNkqubo ye-SPSS.
I-AR-TCPP isebenzisa ikhamera yesixhobo sefowuni yokufumana uphawu lwemifanekiso kwaye ibonise izinto ze-3D ze-tooth. Abasebenzisi banokuqhekeza ifowuni ukuba baphonononge inyathelo ngalinye okanye ukufundisisa imilo yezinyo. Iziphumo zophando lomsebenzisi zibonisa ukuba kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo kusetyenziswa iimodeli zeplastiki, iqela le-AR-TCPPPPPPPPPRE lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kumava amazinyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki zemveli, i-ar-tcpt ibonelela ngamava angcono yomsebenzisi xa amazinyo athambileyo. Esi sixhobo kulula ukufikelela kuba senzelwe ukuba sisetyenziswe ngabasebenzisi kwizixhobo zefowuni. Qiniseka ukuba kuphando oluthe kratya ukufumanisa ifuthe lemfundo le-AR-TCTP kwinani lamazinyo aqingqiweyo kunye nobuchule bomsebenzisi.
I-morphology ye-Shrphology kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekharityhulamu yamazinyo. Le khosi ibonelela ngesikhokelo se-theoretical kunye neyodwa kwi-morphology, umsebenzi kwaye ikhuphe ngqo izakhiwo [1, 2]. Indlela yesiqhelo yokufundisa kukufunda inyani kwaye wenze izinyo lokuhamba ngokusekwe kwimigaqo efundiweyo. Abafundi basebenzisa imifanekiso emibini enamazinyo (2D) yamazinyo kunye neemodeli zeplastiki zokuyibeka amazinyo kwi-wax okanye ibhloko [3,4,5]. Ukuqonda i-morphology yamazinyo kubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo kwikhondo leklinikhi. Ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi kwe-atagonist kunye namazinyo e-proximal, njengoko kubonisiwe ngemibuliso yabo, kubalulekile ukugcina uzinzo nolwemisi [6, 7]. Nangona iikhosi zamazinyo zinokunceda abafundi bafumane ukuqonda okucokisekileyo kwe-morphology ye-morphology, basajongana nemiceli mngeni kwinkqubo yokusika enxulunyaniswa neendlela zesiko.
Abafikelelekayo kwisenzo se-morphology bamazinyo bajamelana nomceli mngeni wokutolika kwaye baphinde bavelise imifanekiso emi-2d kwimilinganiselo emithathu (3) [8,9,10]. Imilo yamazinyo ihlala imelwe yimizobo emibini okanye iifoto, ezikhokelela kubunzima ekuboneni i-morphology yamazinyo. Ukongeza, isidingo sokwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuqhuba kwindawo enemifanekiso kunye nexesha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ye-2D, kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana abafundi ukuba baqinisekise kwaye babone iimilo ze-3D. Nangona iimodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki (ezinokuthi zingeniswe njengokugqitywe ngokuyinxenye okanye kwifom yokugqibela) ukunceda ekufundiseni, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuncitshisiwe kuba iimodeli zeplastiki zihlala zichazwe kwaye zinciphisa amathuba emisebenzi yootitshala nakwabafundi [4]. Ukongeza, ezi modeli zinethambo ziyindawo yeziko lemfundo kwaye azinakho ukubafundi, zikhokelela ekunyuseni umthwalo owongezelelekileyo ngexesha leklasi eyabelwe. Abaqeqeshi bahlala befundisa inani elikhulu labafundi ngexesha lokuziqhelanisa kwaye bahlala bexhomekeke kwiindlela zokuziqhelanisa nemveli, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ilinde ingxelo kaloliwe kwizigaba eziPhakathi [12]. Ke ngoko, kukho isidingo sesikhokelo sobuqhophololo ukuze siququzelele indlela yokuqhutywa kwezinyo kunye nokunciphisa umda omiselwe ziimodeli zeplastiki.
Itekhnoloji yenyani (i-AR) ivelisiwe njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuphucula amava okufunda. Ngokwenza ulwazi lwedijithali kwimo yobomi bokwenyani, itekhnoloji ye-AR inokubonelela abafundi ngamava asebenzayo kwaye athambeneyo [13]. I-Garzón [14] watsalela kwiminyaka engama-25 yamava ngezizukulwana zokuqala ze-ARE kwaye iphazamise ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-AR kunye nezicelo (ngefowuni) kwisizukulwana sesibini se-AR. Iimpawu. . Nje ukuba yenziwe kwaye ifakiwe, izicelo zeselula zivumela ikhamera ukuba ibone kwaye ibonise ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga nezinto ezaziwayo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula amava abasebenzisi [15, 16]. Itekhnoloji ye-AR isebenza ngokuqonda ngokukhawuleza ikhowudi okanye i-tag yomfanekiso kwikhamera yesixhobo, ukubonisa ulwazi lwe-3D xa ifumene [17]. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zeselfowuni okanye iimpawu zemifanekiso, abasebenzisi banokubona ngokulula nangokugcina izinto ezi-3D [18]. Kwindawo yokuphononongwa ngu-Akçayır kunye ne-Akçayır [19], i-AR yafunyanwa yanda "ukuzonwabisa" kwaye "yandisa amanqanaba okuthatha inxaxheba yokufunda." Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bedatha, itekhnoloji inokuba "inzima kubafundi ukuba basebenzise" kwaye bangenelele "," befuna ukufundwa kwezifundo ezizongezelelweyo (19, 21]. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuphucula ixabiso lemfundo le-AR ngokwanda kokungakwazi nokunciphisa ukugcwala komsebenzi. Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-AR ukwenza izixhobo zemfundo zokuziqhelanisa nezinyo.
Ukukhokela ngokufanelekileyo abafundi abakrokrela amazinyo usebenzisa iindawo ze-Ar, kufuneka kulandelwe inkqubo eqhubekayo. Le ndlela inokunceda ukunciphisa ukwahluka nokukhuthaza ukufunyanwa kobuchule [22]. Ukuqala i-carvers kunokuphucula umgangatho womsebenzi wabo ngokulandela inkqubo yedijithali yenqanaba ledijithali. Ngapha koko, indlela yokuqeqesha inyathelo ngenyathelo inyathelo libonisiwe ukuba liyasebenza kwizakhono zokuzihlaziya ngexeshana nje kwaye zinciphise iimpazamo kwimoyithi yokugqibela yokubuyiselwa [24]. Kwicandelo lokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo eziphosakeleyo kumphezulu wamazinyo yindlela esebenzayo yokunceda abafundi ukuphucula izakhono zabo [25]. Olu phononongo olujolise ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa namazinyo asekwe kumazinyo (i-AR-TCPPT) efanelekileyo kwizixhobo zeselula kwaye uvavanye amava ayo abasebenzisi. Ukongeza, isifundo sithelekiswa namava omsebenzisi we-AR-TCPT ngemodeli yendabuko yendabuko yokuvavanya amandla e-AR-TPPT njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
I-AR-TCPT yenzelwe izixhobo zefowuni esebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-AR. Esi sixhobo senzelwe ukwenza inyathelo lenyathelo le-3D le-3D ye-maxillary i-maxines, i-maxillary premolars, i-masticular yokuqala, kunye ne-macalar yokuqala. Imodeli yokuqala ye-3D yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-3D Studio Max (2019, i-Autdesk Inc. Ukumakishwa kwemifanekiso okwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-Photohop (iAdobe Collecle Collecy Cc 2019, iAdobe Inc. com)). Isicelo se-AR siphunyezwa kusetyenziswa injini yomanyano (ngo-Matshi 12, 2019, itekhnoloji yobumbano, i-USA) kwaye ifakwe kwisixhobo sefowuni. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuqhutywa kwamazinyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bakhethwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiklasi yokuziqhelanisa ne-2023 ukwenza iqela lolawulo kunye neqela lovavanyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lovavanyo abasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT, kwaye iqela lolawulo lisebenzise iimodeli zeplastiki ezivela kwi-Model Sport I-STEDIT YOKUGQIBELA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wokusika amazinyo, amava omsebenzisi wesixhobo ngasinye sezandla saphandwa kwaye xa kuthelekiswa. Ukuhamba kwendlela yokufunda kubonisiwe kumzobo 1. Olu phononongo lwenziwa ngemvume yeBhodi yoPhononongo lweZiko laseSouth Eoul University (I-IRN-202210-003).
Imodeli ye-3D isetyenziselwa ukubonakalisa iimpawu ze-morphological yezakhiwo ze-proting kunye ne-concave ze-mesial, distal, i-zuccal, i-zuccal, i-zungulual kunye nendawo yenkqubo yenkqubo yokuqhuba. Amazinyo e-maxillary kunye namazinyo okuqala aphambili amodareyithiwe njengakwinqanaba le-16, i-masticular yokuqala njengakwinqanaba le-14. , njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo. 2. Ukulandelelana kwemodeli yokugqibela iboniswe kumzobo 3. Kwimodeli yokugqibela, imibhalo, imigca kunye nolwazi oluchasene ne-SOTESTE zezinyo, kwaye ulwazi lwemifanekiso lubandakanyiwe kwinkqubo ye-SOTOT kunye nezakhiwo ezifuna ingqalelo. Ekuqaleni kweqonga lokuhambisa, umphezulu ngamnye ngumbala onamakhowudi wawo, kwaye ibhloko ye-wax iphawulwe ngemigca eqinileyo ebonisa iinxalenye ekufuneka zisuswe. Iindawo eziphezulu ze-mesial kunye ne-distal zezinyo ziphawulwa ngamachaphaza abomvu ukubonisa amanqaku oqhakamshelwano amazinyo eziya kuhlala njenge uqikelelo kwaye aluyi kususwa ngexesha lokusika. Kumphezulu we-Occial, amachaphaza abomvu aphawula i-cusp nganye njengoko igcinwe, kwaye iirobhothi ezibomvu zibonisa indlela yokungasebenzi xa usike ibhloko ye-wax. Imodeli ye-3D ye-ofisi egciniweyo kwaye esusiweyo ivumela isiqinisekiso se-morphology yeenxalenye ezisusiweyo ngexesha le-wax rick.
Yenza iplatiptions yokuqala yezinto ezi-3D kwinyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo. A: Umphezulu we-mesillary wandise ngaphambi kwexesha; B: Imbonakalo iphezulu kakhulu kunye ne-mesial aleacial ye-mailillary premolare; C: Umphezulu we-mesillary ye-MALARARY BOKUQALA WOKUQALA; D: Umphezulu omncinci we-maxillary ye-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar kunye ne-meshiobuccal. umphezulu. B - isidlele; I-LA - isandi se-labial; M-isandi seMedial.
Izinto ezintathu zezinto ezintathu (3D) zimele inkqubo yenyathelo lenyathelo lokusika amazinyo. Le foto ibonisa into egqityiweyo ye-3D emva kwenkqubo yokuqala yemodeli ye-molar, ebonisa iinkcukacha kunye nokutshekishwa kwenyathelo ngalinye elilandelayo. Idatha yesibini ye-3D ye-3D ibandakanya into yokugqibela ye-3D ephuculweyo kwisixhobo sefowuni. Imigca enamachaphaza ifanekisela amacandelo ahluleyo amazinyo ngokulinganayo, kwaye amasindakanyiwa amele abo kufuneka asuswe ngaphambi kokuba icandelo elinokufakwa umgca. Utolo olubomvu lwe-3D lubonisa indlela yokusika izinyo, isangqa esibomvu kumphezulu we-distal sibonisa indawo yoqhakamshelwano, kwaye isilinda ebomvu kumhlaba obomvu sibonisa i-cusp yezinyo. A: Imigca enamachaphaza, imigca eqinileyo, isangqa esibomvu kumphezulu we-distal kunye nezinyuko ezibonisa ibhloko ye-wax. B: Ukugqitywa kokugqitywa kwe-molar yokuqala yomhlathi ongaphezulu. C: Ukujonga iinkcukacha ze-maxillary molar uqala, utolo olubomvu lubonisa isikhokelo samazinyo kunye nentambo ye-sparer, i-cylindrical ye-cylindrical, umgca oqinileyo ubonakalisa inxalenye yenxalenye ye-canderlustal. D: Gqibezela i-MOLARL YOKUQALA.
Ukuqhubela phambili ukuchongwa kwamanyathelo aqhubayo asetyenziswayo usebenzisa isixhobo esisezantsi, abamakishine emifanekiso balungiselelwe i-maillar yokuqala, i-manigul premolar kuqala, i-maxillary yokuqala, kunye ne-maxillary canalary. Abamakishi bomfanekiso benzelwe ukusebenzisa isoftware ye-Photoshop (2020, iAdobe Co., San Jose, Can) kunye nePakethi yeXesha leSetyhula kunye ne-4. Yenza imifanekiso ebonakalayo ye-4 I-VuneeA injini (i-Arker ye-Arker yeNdawo yeNdawo), kwaye yenze kwaye igcine abamakishi bomfanekiso usebenzisa i-injini ye-Union Imodeli yamazinyo e-3D idityaniswe ngokuthe ngcembe kubamakishi imifanekiso, kwaye isikhundla sayo kunye nobungakanani bumiselwe ngokusekwe kubamakishi. Sebenzisa injini yomanyano kunye nezicelo ze-Android ezinokufakwa kwizixhobo zefowuni.
Ithegi yemifanekiso. Ezi foto zibonisa abamakishi bomfanekiso osetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo, yikhamera yefowuni eqatshelwe ngohlobo lwezinyo (inombolo kwisangqa ngasinye). a: molar wokuqala wento ebonakalayo; B: Iphambi kokuqala kweMeko; C: I-mayillary kuqala; D: I-maxillary canne.
Abathathi-nxaxheba baqeshwa kwiklasi yonyaka yokuqala ye-Morphology yeSebe leMfundo iHiene, iYunivesithi yaseSeong, ye-Gyeonggi-do. Abathathi-nxaxheba abanokubakho baxelelwa koku kulandelayo: (1) Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kwaye akubandakanyi nawuphi na umvuzo wemali okanye yemfundo; (2) Iqela loLawulo liza kusebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki, kwaye iqela lovavanyo liza kusebenzisa isicelo se-AR; (3) Uvavanyo luya kuhlala iiveki ezintathu kwaye lubandakanya amazinyo amathathu; (4) Abasebenzisi be-Adroid baya kufumana ikhonkco lokufaka isicelo, kunye nabasebenzisi be-IOS baya kufumana isixhobo se-Android nge-AR-TCPT efakwe; (5) i-AR-TCTP iya kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombini iinkqubo; (6) Nika ngokungacwangciswanga iqela elilawulayo kunye neqela lovavanyo; (7) Ukuphola amazinyo kuya kwenziwa kwiilebhu ezahlukeneyo; (8) Emva kokuvavanywa, kuya kuqhutywa izifundo ezingama-22; (9) Iqela lolawulo linokusebenzisa i-ar-tctpt emva kovavanyo. Bebonke bangama-52 abathathi-nxaxheba bazinikele, kwaye ifom yemvume ye-intanethi yafunyanwa kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye. Ulawulo (n = 26) kunye namaqela ovavanyo (n = 26) babe sabelwa ngokungekho mthethweni kusetyenziswa umsebenzi ongahleliweyo kwiMicrosoft Excel (2016, iRedmond, e-USA). Umzobo o-5 ubonakalisa ukuqeshwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye noyilo lovavanyo kwitshathi yokuhamba.
Uyilo lokufunda ukuphonononga amava abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimodeli zeplastiki kunye nezicelo zenyani.
Ukuqala ngo-Matshi 27, 2023, iqela lovavanyo kunye neqela lolawulo lasebenzisa iimodeli ze-AR-TCPT kunye neplastiki ukuba zikhuphe amazinyo amathathu, kuba iiveki ezintathu. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakreqile kunye ne-molars, kubandakanya i-marialar yokuqala, i-masticular Premolare, kunye ne-polorary yokuqala, kunye ne-maxillary premolar kuqala, zonke izinto ezinobunzima beemoto. Iicani ze-mexines azifakwanga kwisikrini. Abathathi-nxaxheba baneeyure ezintathu ngeveki ukusika izinyo. Emva kokufumana izinyo, iimodeli zeplastiki kunye namagosa emifanekiso yolawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo, ngokwahlukeneyo, bakhutshwa. Ngaphandle kweleyibhile yelebheli, izinto ze-3D ze-3D aziphuculwa yi-AR-TTP. Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa, amaqela ovavanyo kunye nolawulo olwenza amazinyo ayenza amazinyo athwala amagumbi ahlukeneyo. Ingxelo malunga nobume bezingwanyo yanikwa iiveki ezintathu emva kokuphela kovavanyo ukunciphisa umda wempembelelo yemiyalelo katitshala. Iphepha lemibuzo lilawulwa emva kokusika i-molal ye-maight igqityiwe kwiveki yesithathu ka-Epreli. Iphepha lemibuzo eliguqulweyo kwiSanders et al. UAlfala et al. isebenzise imibuzo engama-23 ukusuka [26]. [27] ivavanye ukungaboni ngasonye phakathi kwezixhobo zokuziqhelanisa. Nangona kunjalo, kolu phononongo, into enye yokuqhawula uqhutywa ngqo kwinqanaba ngalinye alibandakanywa kwiAlfah Et Al. [27]. Izinto ezingama-22 ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1. Ulawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo anemilinganiselo ye-Cronbach ye-Cronbach ye-Cronbach ye-0.587 ne-0.912, ngokulandelelana.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha lwenziwa usebenzisa isoftware ye-SPRS (v25.0, ibm Co., Arkork, NY, eUSU). Uvavanyo oluya kwicala elinamacala amabini lwenziwa kwinqanaba le-0.05. Uvavanyo oluqondakali ngqo lwalusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iimpawu ezifana nesini, iminyaka, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava okuhlala amathuba okuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwezi mpawu phakathi kolawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-shapiro-wilk lubonise ukuba idatha yophando ibingasetyenziswa rhoqo (P <0.05). Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-Noparametric Mann-Whitney usetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa ulawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo.
Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha lokuzilolonga kwamazinyo ziboniswe kumzobo 6. Umzobo 6A Ibonisa imodeli yeplastiki, kwaye amanani 6b-D Vea i-ar-tcpt isixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo kwisixhobo esisetyenziswayo. I-AR-TCPP isebenzisa ikhamera yefowuni yokuchonga abamakishi imifanekiso kwaye ibonisa into ephuculweyo ye-3D ye-3D kwiscreen esinokuthi sisebenzise inxaxheba kwaye sigcine ngexesha lokwenyani. Iqhosha elithi "Elandelayo" kunye "langaphambili" leSoftware yesixhobo ikuvumela ukuba uqaphele ngokweenkcukacha amanqanaba okuqhuba kunye neempawu ze-morphological amazinyo. Ukudala izinyo, abasebenzisi be-AR-TCPT
Ukuziqhelanisa namazinyo ukuthwala. Le foto ibonisa ukuthelekisa phakathi kokuziqhelanisa nezilwanyana zemveli Abafundi banokubukela amanyathelo ayi-3D ngokucofa amaqhosha alandelayo nangaphambili. A: Imodeli yeplastiki kwiseti yeemodeli zenyathelo lenyathelo ngamazinyo athambileyo. B: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo sokwenyani sokwenyani kwinqanaba lokuqala le-mastiphar premolar. C: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo senyani senyani ngexesha lesigaba sokugqibela se-Mandigular Premolar Premolar Premolar Premolar Premolar. D: Inkqubo yokuchonga imigca kunye nemimandla yeGrooves. I-IM, ileyibhile yemifanekiso; I-MD, isixhobo sefowuni; Iqhosha le-NSB, "elandelayo"; I-PSB, "ngaphambili"; I-SMD, umnini wesixhobo sefowuni; I-TC, umatshini wamazinyo; W, i-wax ibhlokhi
Kwakungekho mahluko okwizibini eziphakathi kwamaqela amabini abathathi-nxaxheba ngokungenamkhethe ngokwesini, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava omhlaba omhla (P> 0.05). Iqela lolawulo laline-96.2% yabasetyhini (n = 25) kunye ne-3.8% yamadoda (n = 1), ngelixa iQela lovavanyo liqukethe kuphela ngabafazi kuphela (n = 26). Iqela lolawulo laline-61.5% (n = 16) yabathathi-nxaxheba kwiminyaka engama-20, i-26,9% (N = 3) kwabathathi-nxaxheba iminyaka engama-22, emva koko ulawulo lovavanyo Iqela laline-73.1% (N = 19) kwabathathi-nxaxheba iminyaka engama-20, i-19.2% (n = 5) yabathathi-nxaxheba iminyaka engama-21, kwaye i-7.7% (N = 2) yabathathi-nxaxheba kwiminyaka engama-22. Ngokumalunga nokuhlala, i-69.2% (n = 18) yeqela lolawulo lalihlala kwi-Gyeonggi-do, kunye ne-23.1% (n = 6) yayihlala eSeoul. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-50.0% (n = 13) yeqela lovavanyo behlala eGyeonggi-do, kunye ne-46.2% (N = 12) bahlala eSeoul. Inxalenye yolawulo kunye namaqela ovavanyo ahlala e-Incheon yayiyi-7.7% (n = 2) kunye ne-3.8% (n = 1), ngokulandelelana. Kwiqela elilawulayo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-25 (96.2%) bebengenamava angaphambili ngamazinyo athwala. Ngokufanayo, abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-26 (100%) kwiqela lovavanyo bebengenamava angaphambili ngamazinyo athwala.
Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa amanani achazayo kunye nokuthelekisa iinkcukacha zeqela ngalinye kwiimpendulo zeqela ngalinye kwizifundo ze-22. Kwakukho umahluko okwiphakathi kwamaqela okuphendula kwi-Namineire nganye ye-22 (P <0.01). Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, iqela lovavanyo lalinokuthetha amanqaku aphezulu kwi-21 yephepha lemibuzo. Kuphela kumbuzo 20 (Q20) kwiphepha lemibuzo lenza inqaku lolawulo lweqela elingaphezulu kuneqela lovavanyo. I-fiytogram kumzobo 7 ibonisa umahluko kumanqaku phakathi kwamaqela. Itheyibhile 2; Umzobo 7 ukwabonisa iziphumo zomsebenzisi kwiprojekthi nganye. Kwiqela elilawulayo, eyona nto iphambili ye-Q21, kwaye eyona nto iphantsi ye-Scoring yayinombuzo we-Q6. Kwiqela lezinto eziluvavanyo, eyona nto iphakamileyo yento ye-Q13, kwaye eyona nto iphantsi ye-Scoring yayinombuzo we-Q20. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 7, owona mahluko omkhulu othetha phakathi kweqela lolawulo kunye neqela lovavanyo liqwalaselwe kwi-Q6, kwaye owona mahluko mncinci uqaphele kwi-Q22.
Ukuthelekisa amanqaku emibuzo. Igrafu ethelekiswa namanqaku aqhelekileyo kwiqela lolawulo lisebenzisa imodeli yeplastiki kunye neqela lovavanyo elisebenzisa isicelo senyani. I-AR-TCPT, isixhobo sokwenyani semfundo yokuqhuba.
Itekhnoloji ye-AR ye-AR iyaqhubeka ithandwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamazinyo, kubandakanya i-Aesthetics ye-Aesthetics, utyandeni Lomlomo, iTekhnoloji yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, i-morphology kunye ne-Intelphology, 30, 31]. Umzekelo, i-Hololens yeMicrosoft ibonelela ngezixhobo zenyani ezixhasiweyo zokuphucula imfundo yamazinyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwetyala [32]. Itekhnoloji yenyani ebonakalayo ibonelela ngendawo yokufundisa yokufundisa i-morphology yamazinyo [33]. Nangona ezi zixhobo zeTekhnoloji ePhakamileyo zeNtloko zeNtloko zeNtloko zeNtloko zeNtloko zeNtloko zentloko azikaze zifumaneke ngokubanzi kwimfundo yamazinyo, izicelo ze-AR zinokuphucula izakhono zokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi kunye nabasebenzisi baqonde ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji ye-AR ye-AR inakho ukwandisa inkuthazo kunye nomdla wokufunda kwi-morphology yamazinyo kwaye ibonelele ngamava asebenzayo ngakumbi [36]. Izixhobo zokufunda ze-AR zinceda abafundi ukuba zibone iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kunye ne-anatomy kwi-3D [37], ekubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni i-morphology yamazinyo.
Impembelelo yeemodeli zeplastiki zeplastiki yokufundisa ekufundiseni i-morphology ye-throphology sele ilunge ngakumbi kunencwadi yezifundo enemifanekiso ye-2D kunye neenkcazo [38]. Nangona kunjalo, i-dijigitation yemfundo kunye nezobugcisa zenze ukuba kufuneke kunyanzelekile ukwazisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye netekhnoloji yempilo, kubandakanya imfundo yamazinyo [35]. Ootitshala bajamelene nomceli mngeni wokufundisa iikhonsepthi ezintsonkothileyo kwintsimi eguqukayo kunye nendawo eguqukayo [39], efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezandla ukongeza kwabafundi abakrwelelayo. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo lubonisa isixhobo se-AR-TCTP esisebenzayo esisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-AR ukuncedisa ekuziqhelanise ne-morphology yamazinyo.
Uphando kumava abasebenzisi lwezicelo zabasebenzisi kubalulekile ekuqondeni izinto ezibangela ukubamba ukusetyenziswa kwemultimedia [40]. Amava abasebenzisi afanelekileyo anokuchonga indlela yokuphuhliswa kwayo nokuphuculwa kwayo, kubandakanya nenjongo yayo, ukuSebenzisa ngokulula, ukusebenza kakuhle, umboniso wolwazi, kunye nokunxibelelana [41]. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2, ngaphandle kwe-Q20, iqela lovavanyo elisebenzisa i-AR-TCPT lifumene amanqanaba aphezulu omsebenzisi xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo kusetyenziswa iimodeli zeplastiki. Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki, amava okusebenzisa i-ar-tcpt kwisenzo sokutya kwamazinyo bekunqabile kakhulu. Iimvavanyo ziquka ukuqonda, ukubonwa kokubeli, ukuqaphela, ukuphindaphinda, ukubaluleka kwezixhobo, kunye nokwahluka kweembono. Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-ARPPT ibandakanya ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza, ukonga okusebenzayo, ukugcinwa kwexesha, ukugubungela ixesha elibanzi, ukuncitshiswa kwesifundo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwencwadi esebenzayo, kwaye kunomtsalane, kunye nolwazi lokusebenza kwamava. I-Ar-TCPT ikwaququzelela ukusebenzisana nezinye izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa kwaye ibonelela ngeembono ezicacileyo ukusuka kwiimbono ezininzi.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7, i-Ar-TCPP icekisiwe kwindawo eyongeziweyo kumbuzo 20: Umnxibelelanisi obanzi obonisa onke amanyathelo okutya kwamazinyo ayadingeka ukunceda abafundi ukuba bakwazi ukwenza abafundi beqhina. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo yonke inkqubo yokuqhuba yamazinyo kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuhambisa amazinyo ngaphambi kokuba banyange abaguli. Iqela lovavanyo lafumana elona nqaku liphezulu kwi-Q13, umbuzo osisiseko onxulumene nokunceda izakhono zokuhambisa amazinyo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokuba unyango kwezi zixhobo ekufumaneni kwezi zixhobo ekuthwayo. Abasebenzisi bafuna ukusebenzisa izakhono abazifundayo kwizicwangciso zeklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezilandelwayo ziyafuneka ukuze kuhlolwe uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwempumelelo kwezakhono zokufumana izinyo. Umbuzo 6 wabuza ukuba ngaba iimodeli zeplastiki kunye ne-AR-TCTP zinokusetyenziswa ukuba kukho imfuneko, kwaye iimpendulo kulo mbuzo zibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Njengesoftware yeselula, i-Ar-TCPT ingqineke ilunge ngakumbi ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuthelekisa iimodeli zeplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kunzima ukungqina ukusebenza kwemfundo ye-AR ye-ARPS esekwe kumava omsebenzisi wedwa. Ziyadingeka ngakumbi izifundo zokuvavanya isiphumo se-AR-TCTP kwiitafile ezigqityiweyo zamazinyo. Nangona kunjalo, kolu phando, amanqanaba aphezulu omsebenzisi we-AR-TCPT abonisa amandla ayo njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
Olu phononongo lokuthelekisa lubonisa ukuba i-AR-TCPT inokuba yinye indlela ebaluleke okanye inomphelelisi kwiimodeli zeplastiki zemveli kwiiofisi zamazinyo, njengoko ifumene imilinganiselo efanelekileyo kumava omsebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukumisela ukuphakama kwayo kuya kufuna enye into ngabaqeqeshi bethambo eliphakathi nelokugqibela. Ukongeza, ifuthe lomlinganiso ngamnye kulwazi lokuqonda indawo kwinkqubo yokuqhutywa kunye nezinyo lokugqibela kufuneka lihlaziywe. Ukubanakho kwezakhono zamazinyo kuyahlukana nomntu, nto leyo inokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuqhuba kunye nezinyo lokugqibela. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uphando olungakumbi ukubonisa ubungqina bokusebenza kwee-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuqhuba kwamazinyo kunye nokuqonda indlela yokusebenza kunye nendima yokucoca i-AR kwinkqubo yokuqhuba. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lujolise ekuvavanyweni kophuhliso kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo zeSorphologys zeSorphology usebenzisa i-Advalens yeTekhnoloji ye-AD.
Isishwankathelo, olu phononongo lubonisa amandla e-ar-tcppl njengesixhobo sokufumana amazinyo njengoko ubonelela abafundi ngamava okufunda amancinci kunye nokusebenzisana. Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lemodeli yemveli lemveli, iqela le-ARCPT labonisa amanqaku aphezulu omsebenzisi, kubandakanya nezibonelelo ezifana nokuqonda okukhawulezileyo, ukuphuculwa kwemfundo kunye nokuncitshiswa kweencwadi zezifundo. Ngombhalo wayo oqhelekileyo kunye nokukhululeka kokusetyenziswa, i-AR-TCPP ibonelela ngendlela ethembisayo kwizixhobo zeplastiki zemveli kwaye inokunceda ii-rembies ze-3D. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafuneka ngakumbi ukuphanda ngempumelelo kwalo, kubandakanya nefuthe kwizakhono zokukhwela kwabantu kunye nokuxabana kwamazinyo awaziwayo.
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