Itekhnoloji ye-Augmented reality (AR) ibonakalise ukuba iyasebenza ekuboniseni ulwazi kunye nokunikezela ngezinto ze-3D.Nangona abafundi beqhele ukusebenzisa usetyenziso lwe-AR ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo, iimodeli zeplastiki okanye imifanekiso ye-2D isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithambo yokusika amazinyo.Ngenxa yobume obuthathu bamazinyo, abafundi bokukrola amazinyo bajongana nemingeni ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo ezikhoyo ezibonelela ngesikhokelo esingaguqukiyo.Kule sifundo, senze i-AR-based based dental training training tool (AR-TCPT) kwaye siyithelekisa kunye nemodeli yeplastiki ukuvavanya amandla ayo njengesixhobo sokuziqhelanisa kunye namava kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukulinganisa amazinyo okusika, senze ngokulandelelana into ye-3D ebandakanya i-maxillary canine kunye ne-maxillary first premolar (isinyathelo se-16), i-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar (isinyathelo se-13), kunye ne-mandibular yokuqala ye-molar (isinyathelo se-14).Iziphawuli zomfanekiso ezenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yePhotoshop zabelwa izinyo ngalinye.Phuhlisa usetyenziso olusekwe kwi-AR usebenzisa i-injini yoBunye.Ukukrola kwamazinyo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-52 babelwa ngokungenamkhethe kwiqela lolawulo (n = 26; usebenzisa imizekelo yamazinyo eplastiki) okanye iqela lokulinga (n = 26; usebenzisa i-AR-TCPT).Ikhweshine yezinto ezingama-22 isetyenziselwe ukuvavanya amava omsebenzisi.Uhlalutyo lwedatha oluthelekisayo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-nonparametric Mann-Whitney U ngeprogram ye-SPSS.
I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo ukubona iimpawu zemifanekiso kunye nokubonisa izinto ze-3D zamaqhekeza amazinyo.Abasebenzisi banokusilawula isixhobo ukuphonononga inyathelo ngalinye okanye bafunde ukumila kwezinyo.Iziphumo zovavanyo lwamava omsebenzisi zibonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo lisebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki, iqela lokulinga le-AR-TCPT lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kumava okukrola amazinyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki zemveli, i-AR-TCPT ibonelela ngamava angcono omsebenzisi xa kukrolwa amazinyo.Isixhobo kulula ukufikelela njengoko senzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze kubonwe ifuthe lemfundo le-AR-TCTP kubungakanani bamazinyo akroliweyo kwakunye nobuchule bomsebenzisi bokukrola.
I-morphology yamazinyo kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekharityhulam yamazinyo.Le khosi ibonelela ngethiyori kunye nesikhokelo esisebenzayo kwi-morphology, umsebenzi kunye nokukrolwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezakhiwo zamazinyo [1, 2].Indlela eqhelekileyo yokufundisa kukufunda ngokwethiyori uze wenze ukukrolwa kwamazinyo ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo efundiweyo.Abafundi basebenzisa imifanekiso enamacala amabini (2D) yamazinyo kunye neemodeli zeplastiki ukukrola amazinyo kwi-wax okanye iibhloko zodaka [3,4,5].Ukuqonda i-morphology yamazinyo kubalulekile kunyango lokubuyisela kunye nokwenziwa kokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo ekusebenzeni kweklinikhi.Ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi komchasi kunye namazinyo asondeleneyo, njengoko kuboniswe ngokuma kwawo, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-occlusal kunye ne-positional [6, 7].Nangona izifundo zamazinyo kunokunceda abafundi bafumane ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo morphology wamazinyo, basajongene nemingeni kwinkqubo yokusika enxulumene nezenzo zemveli.
Abasandul 'ukufika ekusebenzeni kwe-morphology yamazinyo bajongene nomngeni wokutolika nokuvelisa imifanekiso ye-2D kwimilinganiselo emithathu (3D) [8,9,10].Imilo yamazinyo idla ngokumelwa yimizobo enemigangatho emibini okanye iifoto, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima bokubona imophology yamazinyo.Ukongeza, imfuneko yokwenza ngokukhawuleza ukukrola kwamazinyo kwindawo elinganiselweyo kunye nexesha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ye-2D, yenza kube nzima kubafundi ukuba bacinge kwaye babone iimilo ze-3D [11].Nangona iimodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki (ezinokuthi thatyathwe njengegqityiwe inxenye okanye ngokohlobo lokugqibela) zinceda ekufundiseni, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kulinganiselwe kuba imifuziselo yeplastiki yorhwebo isoloko ichazwa kwangaphambili kwaye inciphisa amathuba okuziqhelanisa kootitshala nabafundi[4].Ukongeza, ezi modeli zomthambo zezeziko lemfundo kwaye azinakuba ngabafundi ngabanye, nto leyo ekhokelela ekonyukeni komthwalo wokuzilolonga ngexesha leklasi elabelweyo.Abaqeqeshi bahlala befundisa inani elikhulu labafundi ngexesha lokuziqhelanisa kwaye bahlala bexhomekeke kwiindlela zokuziqhelanisa zendabuko, ezinokubangela ukulinda ixesha elide kwimpendulo yomqeqeshi kwizigaba eziphakathi zokukrola [12].Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko yesikhokelo sokukrola ukuququzelela umkhuba wokukrola izinyo kunye nokunciphisa imida ebekwe yimizekelo yeplastiki.
Itekhnoloji ye-Augmented reality (AR) iye yavela njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuphucula amava okufunda.Ngokugquma ulwazi lwedijithali kwindawo yobomi bokwenyani, itekhnoloji ye-AR inokubonelela abafundi ngamava onxibelelwano kunye namava antywilayo [13].UGarzón [14] wathatha iminyaka eyi-25 yamava kunye nezizukulwana ezithathu zokuqala zokuhlelwa kwemfundo ye-AR kwaye wathi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphathwayo ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezicelo (ngezixhobo eziphathwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa) kwisizukulwana sesibini se-AR kuye kwaphucula kakhulu ukufikelela kwimfundo. iimpawu..Emva kokuba zenziwe kwaye zifakwe, izicelo zeselula zivumela ikhamera ukuba ibone kwaye ibonise ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nezinto eziqatshelweyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amava omsebenzisi [15, 16].Itekhnoloji ye-AR isebenza ngokuqaphela ngokukhawuleza ikhowudi okanye ithegi yomfanekiso ovela kwikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo, ebonisa ulwazi olugqunyiweyo lwe-3D xa ibhaqwe [17].Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo okanye abamakishi bemifanekiso, abasebenzisi banokujonga ngokulula nangokuqondayo kunye nokuqonda izakhiwo ze-3D [18].Kuphononongo olwenziwe ngu-Akçayır kunye no-Akçayır [19], i-AR yafunyaniswa ukuba yonyusa "ulonwabo" kwaye ngempumelelo "yandisa amanqanaba okuthatha inxaxheba ekufundeni."Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bedatha, itekhnoloji "inokuba nzima ukuba abafundi bayisebenzise" kwaye ibangele "umthwalo wokuqonda," efuna iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zomyalelo [19, 20, 21].Ke ngoko, iinzame kufuneka zenziwe ukomeleza ixabiso lemfundo le-AR ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa ukuntsonkotha komsebenzi.Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-AR ukwenza izixhobo zemfundo zokuqhelisa ukukrola izinyo.
Ukukhokela ngempumelelo abafundi ekukroleni amazinyo usebenzisa iindawo ze-AR, inkqubo eqhubekayo kufuneka ilandelwe.Le ndlela inokunceda ukunciphisa ukuhluka kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunyanwa kwezakhono [22].Abakroli abaqalayo banokuphucula umgangatho womsebenzi wabo ngokulandela inkqubo yokukrola izinyo yedijithali inyathelo ngenyathelo [23].Enyanisweni, indlela yoqeqesho lwamanyathelo ngamanyathelo ibonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza ekulawuleni izakhono zokukrola ngexesha elifutshane kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo kuyilo lokugqibela lokubuyisela [24].Kwinkalo yokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokukrola kumphezulu wamazinyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokunceda abafundi baphucule izakhono zabo [25].Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuphuhliseni i-AR-based based dental carving tool (AR-TCPT) efanelekileyo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kunye nokuvavanya amava ayo omsebenzisi.Ukongeza, uphando luqhathanise amava omsebenzisi we-AR-TCPT kunye neemodeli zemveli zamazinyo ukuvavanya amandla e-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
I-AR-TCPT yenzelwe izixhobo eziphathwayo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-AR.Esi sixhobo siyilelwe ukwenza imizekelo ye-3D yenyathelo ngenyathelo le-maxillary canines, i-maxillary first premolars, i-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolars, kunye ne-mandibular yokuqala molars.Imodeli yokuqala ye-3D yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), kwaye imodeli yokugqibela yenziwa kusetyenziswa iphakheji yesoftware ye-Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA).Ukumakishwa komfanekiso kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yePhotoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), eyenzelwe ukuqondwa okuzinzileyo ziikhamera eziphathwayo, kwinjini yeVuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia. com)).Isicelo se-AR siphunyezwa kusetyenziswa injini yoBumbano (ngoMatshi 12, 2019, i-Unity Technologies, eU.SA) kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwaye yasungulwa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuqhelisa amazinyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bakhethwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwiklasi ye-morphology yamazinyo ye-2023 ukwenza iqela lokulawula kunye neqela lokulinga.Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lokulinga basebenzisa i-AR-TCPT, kwaye iqela lokulawula lisebenzise iimodeli zeplastiki ukusuka kwi-Tooth Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Japan).Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wokusika amazinyo, amava omsebenzisi kwisixhobo ngasinye esisetyenzisiweyo aphandwe kwaye athelekiswe.Ukuhamba koyilo lwesifundo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Olu pho nonongo luqhutywe ngokuvunywa kweBhodi yokuHlola iZiko leYunivesithi yeSizwe yeSeoul (inombolo ye-IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Imodeli ye-3D isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ngokuqhubekayo iimpawu ze-morphological of the protruding and concave structures of the mesial, distal, buccal, lingual and occlusal surfaces of teeth ngexesha lenkqubo yokukrola.I-maxillary canine kunye ne-maxillary first premolar teeth zenziwe njengenqanaba le-16, i-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar njengenqanaba le-13, kunye ne-mandibular yokuqala ye-molar njengenqanaba le-14. Imodeli yokuqala ibonisa iindawo ezifuna ukususwa kwaye zigcinwe ngokulandelelana kweefilimu zamazinyo. , njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso.2. Ukulandelelana kokugqibela kwamazinyo kuboniswe kuMzobo 3. Kwimodeli yokugqibela, i-textures, i-ridges kunye ne-grooves ichaza isakhiwo esidakumbileyo sezinyo, kunye nolwazi lomfanekiso lubandakanyiwe ukukhokela inkqubo yokudweba kunye nokugqamisa izakhiwo ezifuna ingqalelo esondeleyo.Ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukrola, indawo nganye ifakwe umbala ukubonisa ukuqhelaniswa kwayo, kwaye ibhloko ye-wax iphawulwe ngemigca eqinileyo ebonisa iindawo ezifuna ukususwa.I-mesial kunye ne-distal surfaces yezinyo ziphawulwe ngamachaphaza abomvu ukubonisa iindawo zokuqhagamshelana nezinyo eziya kuhlala njengeeprojekthi kwaye aziyi kususwa ngexesha lokusika.Kumphezulu we-occlusal, amachaphaza abomvu aphawula i-cusp nganye njengoko igciniwe, kunye neentolo ezibomvu zibonisa icala lokukrola xa usika ibhloko ye-wax.Imodeli ye-3D yeengxenye ezigciniweyo kunye nezisusiweyo zivumela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-morphology yamacandelo asusiweyo ngexesha lokulandela amanyathelo okucoca i-wax block.
Yenza ukulinganisa kwangaphambili kwezinto ze-3D kwisinyathelo-by-step inkqubo yokukrola izinyo.a: Umphezulu weMesial we-maxillary first premolar;b: Umgangatho ophezulu kancinci kunye ne-mesial labial ye-maxillary first premolar;c: Umphezulu weMesial we-maxillary first molar;d: Umphezulu omncinci we-maxillary yokuqala kunye ne-mesiobuccal surface.umphezulu.B - isidlele;Isandi seLabial;M - isandi esiphakathi.
Izinto ezintathu-ntathu (3D) zimele inkqubo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo yokusika amazinyo.Lo mfanekiso ubonisa into egqityiweyo ye-3D emva kwenkqubo ye-molar yokuqala ye-maxillary yokuqala, ebonisa iinkcukacha kunye nokwenziwa kwesinyathelo ngasinye esilandelayo.Idatha yesibini yemodeli ye-3D iquka into yokugqibela ye-3D ephuculweyo kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.Imigca echokoziweyo ibonisa amacandelo ahlulwe ngokulinganayo ezinyo, kwaye amacandelo ahlukeneyo amele ezo kufuneka zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba icandelo eliqulethe umgca oqinileyo lingabandakanywa.Utolo olubomvu lwe-3D lubonisa indlela yokusika izinyo, isangqa esibomvu kwi-distal surface sibonisa indawo yokudibanisa izinyo, kunye ne-cylinder ebomvu kwi-occlusal surface ibonisa i-cusp yezinyo.a: Imigca echokoziweyo, imigca eqinileyo, izangqa ezibomvu kumphezulu okude kunye namanyathelo abonisa ibhloko yewax enokuhluthwa.b: Ukugqitywa okuqikelelweyo kokubunjwa kwe-molar yokuqala yomhlathi ophezulu.c: Umbono weenkcukacha we-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar, utolo olubomvu lubonisa indlela yezinyo kunye ne-spacer thread, i-cylindrical cusp ebomvu, umgca oqinileyo ubonisa inxalenye eya kunqunyulwa kumphezulu we-occlusal.d: Gqibezela i-maxillary yokuqala yemolari.
Ukuququzelela ukuchongwa kwamanyathelo okukrola alandelelanayo kusetyenziswa isixhobo esiphathwayo, abamakishi bemifanekiso emine balungiselelwa i-mandibular first molar, mandibular first premolar, maxillary first molar, kunye ne-maxillary canine.Iziphawuli zomfanekiso ziyilwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yePhotoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) kwaye kusetyenziswa iisimboli zesetyhula kunye nepateni ephinda-phindayo yangasemva ukwahlula izinyo ngalinye, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Yenza iziphawuli zemifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu usebenzisa injini yeVuforia (isoftware yokudala i-AR marker), kwaye udale kwaye ugcine abamakishi bemifanekiso usebenzisa i-injini yoBumbano emva kokufumana ireyithi yokuqaphela iinkwenkwezi ezintlanu kuhlobo olunye lomfanekiso.Imodeli yezinyo le-3D idibaniswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimpawu zemifanekiso, kwaye indawo yayo kunye nobukhulu bayo bunqunywe ngokusekelwe kumakishi.Isebenzisa injini yoBumbano kunye nezicelo ze-Android ezinokufakwa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.
Ithegi yomfanekiso.Ezi foto zibonisa iimpawu zomfanekiso ezisetyenziswe kolu phononongo, apho ikhamera yesixhobo esiphathwayo ibonwa ngohlobo lwezinyo (inombolo kwisangqa ngasinye).a: i-molar yokuqala ye-mandible;b: i-premolar yokuqala ye-mandible;c: i-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar;d: maxillary canine.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bagaywa kwiklasi yepraktikhali yonyaka wokuqala kwi-morphology yamazinyo yeSebe lezococeko lwamazinyo, iYunivesithi yaseSeong, eGyeonggi-do.Abathathi-nxaxheba abasenokubakho baxelelwa ngoku kulandelayo: (1) Ukuthatha inxaxheba kokuzithandela yaye akubandakanyi nawuphi na umvuzo wemali okanye wezifundo;(2) Iqela lolawulo liya kusebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki, kwaye iqela lokulinga liya kusebenzisa i-AR yesicelo seselula;(3) uvavanyo luya kuhlala iiveki ezintathu kwaye lubandakanye amazinyo amathathu;(4) Abasebenzisi be-Android baya kufumana ikhonkco lokufakela isicelo, kwaye abasebenzisi be-iOS baya kufumana isixhobo se-Android kunye ne-AR-TCPT efakwe;(5) I-AR-TCTP iya kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombini iinkqubo;(6) Yabela ngokungaqhelekanga iqela lolawulo kunye neqela lokulinga;(7) Ukukrolwa kwamazinyo kuya kwenziwa kwiilebhu ezahlukeneyo;(8) Emva kovavanyo, izifundo ze-22 ziya kuqhutywa;(9) Iqela lokulawula lingasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT emva kovavanyo.Inani lilonke labathathi-nxaxheba be-52 bavolontiya, kwaye ifom yemvume ye-intanethi ifunyenwe kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye.Ulawulo (n = 26) kunye namaqela okulinga (n = 26) anikezelwe ngokungenamkhethe usebenzisa umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga kwiMicrosoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA).Umzobo we-5 ubonisa ukuqeshwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunye noyilo lokulinga kwitshati yokuhamba.
Uyilo lophononongo lokuphonononga amava abathathi-nxaxheba ngeemodeli zeplastiki kunye nezicelo zokwenyani ezandisiweyo.
Ukuqala ngo-Matshi 27, i-2023, iqela lokulinga kunye neqela lokulawula lisebenzise i-AR-TCPT kunye neemodeli zeplastiki ukukrola amazinyo amathathu, ngokulandelanayo, kwiiveki ezintathu.Abathathi-nxaxheba baqingqe ii-premolars kunye ne-molar, kubandakanywa i-mandibular yokuqala ye-molar, i-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar, kunye ne-maxillary yokuqala ye-premolar, zonke zineempawu ezinzima ze-morphological.I-maxillary canines ayifakiwe kwi-sculpture.Abathathi-nxaxheba baneeyure ezintathu ngeveki ukusika izinyo.Emva kokwenziwa kwezinyo, iimodeli zeplastiki kunye nabamakishi bemifanekiso yolawulo kunye namaqela okulinga, ngokulandelanayo, akhutshwe.Ngaphandle kokwaziwa komfanekiso, izinto zamazinyo ze-3D aziphuculwa yi-AR-TCTP.Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokuziqhelanisa, amaqela okulinga kunye nokulawula ayeqhelisela ukukrola amazinyo kumagumbi ahlukeneyo.Ingxelo ngobume bezinyo yanikwa kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuphela kovavanyo ukuze kuthintelwe impembelelo yemiyalelo katitshala.Uluhlu lwemibuzo lwalawulwa emva kokusikwa kwe-molars yokuqala ye-mandibular kwagqitywa kwiveki yesithathu ka-Epreli.Uluhlu lwemibuzo olulungisiweyo oluvela kuSanders et al.Alfala et al.usebenzise imibuzo engama-23 ekwi- [26].[27] uvavanye umahluko kwimilo yentliziyo phakathi kwezixhobo zokuziqhelanisa.Nangona kunjalo, kule sifundo, into enye yokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba ngalinye yayingabandakanywa kwi-Alfalah et al.[27].Izinto ze-22 ezisetyenziswe kule sifundo ziboniswe kwiThebhile 1. Ulawulo kunye namaqela okulinga ayenayo i-Cronbach's α values 0.587 kunye ne-0.912, ngokulandelanayo.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha lwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yezibalo ze-SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).Uvavanyo lokubaluleka kwamacala amabini lwenziwa kwinqanaba lokubaluleka kwe-0.05.Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lweFisher lwalusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nesini, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava okukrola amazinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwezi mpawu phakathi kwamaqela olawulo kunye novavanyo.Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-Shapiro-Wilk zibonise ukuba idatha yophando ayizange isasazwe ngokuqhelekileyo (p <0.05).Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-nonparametric kaMann-Whitney U lusetyenziselwe ukuthelekisa amaqela olawulo kunye novavanyo.
Izixhobo ezisetyenziswe ngabathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha lokukrola amazinyo ziboniswa kuMzobo 6. Umzobo 6a ubonisa imodeli yeplastiki, kunye neMifanekiso ye-6b-d ibonisa i-AR-TCPT esetyenziswa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yesixhobo ukuchonga iziphawuli zemifanekiso kwaye ibonise into eyomeleziweyo ye-3D yamazinyo kwisikrini abathabathi-nxaxheba banokuyikhohlisa kwaye bayiqwalasele ngexesha lokwenyani.Amaqhosha "Okulandelayo" kunye "Nangaphambili" kwisixhobo esiphathwayo akuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokweenkcukacha izigaba zokukrola kunye neempawu ze-morphological zamazinyo.Ukwenza izinyo, abasebenzisi be-AR-TCPT bathelekisa ngokulandelelana imodeli ye-3D ephuculweyo yesikrini sezinyo kunye nebhloko ye-wax.
Ziqhelise ukukrola amazinyo.Lo mfanekiso ubonisa uthelekiso phakathi kokukrola izinyo lemveli (TCP) usebenzisa imifuziselo yeplastiki kunye nenyathelo ngenyathelo leTCP usebenzisa izixhobo zokwenyani ezongeziweyo.Abafundi banokubukela amanyathelo okukrola e-3D ngokucofa amaqhosha alandelayo nangaphambili.a: Imodeli yePlastiki kwisethi yeemodeli zenyathelo ngenyathelo lokukrola amazinyo.b: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo sokwenyani esongeziweyo kwinqanaba lokuqala le-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar.c: I-TCP isebenzisa isixhobo sokwenyani esongeziweyo ngexesha lenqanaba lokugqibela le-mandibular yokuqala yokubunjwa kwe-premolar.d: Inkqubo yokuchonga imiqolo kunye nemigodi.I-IM, ileyibhile yomfanekiso;MD, isixhobo esiphathwayo;NSB, iqhosha elithi “Okulandelayo”;PSB, iqhosha "Ngangaphambili";SMD, umnikazi wesixhobo esiphathwayo;I-TC, umatshini wokukrola wamazinyo;W, ibhloko yewax
Kwakungekho nantlukwano ebalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amabini abathathi-nxaxheba abakhethwe ngokungenamkhethe ngokwesini, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kunye namava okukrola amazinyo (p> 0.05).Iqela lokulawula laliquka i-96.2% yabasetyhini (n = 25) kunye ne-3.8% yamadoda (n = 1), kanti iqela lokulinga laliquka abafazi kuphela (n = 26).Iqela lokulawula liqulethwe yi-61.5% (n = 16) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-20, i-26.9% (n = 7) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-21, kunye ne-11.5% (n = 3) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka yobudala ≥ iminyaka eyi-22, emva koko ulawulo lokulinga. iqela liqulethwe yi-73.1% (n = 19) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-20, i-19.2% (n = 5) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-21, kunye ne-7.7% (n = 2) yabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka yobudala ≥ iminyaka eyi-22.Ngokuphathelele indawo yokuhlala, i-69.2% (n = 18) yeqela lokulawula lalihlala eGyeonggi-do, kwaye i-23.1% (n = 6) yayihlala eSeoul.Ngokuthelekisa, i-50.0% (n = 13) yeqela lokulinga lalihlala eGyeonggi-do, kunye ne-46.2% (n = 12) ehlala eSeoul.Umlinganiselo wolawulo kunye namaqela okulinga ahlala e-Incheon yi-7.7% (n = 2) kunye ne-3.8% (n = 1), ngokulandelanayo.Kwiqela lolawulo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-25 (i-96.2%) babengenalo amava angaphambili ngamazinyo okukrola.Ngokufanayo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-26 (i-100%) kwiqela lokulinga babengenayo amava angaphambili ngamazinyo okukrola.
Itheyibhile 2 inika iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo kunye nothelekiso lwamanani eempendulo zeqela ngalinye kwizinto ezingama-22 zophando.Kwakukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo phakathi kwamaqela kwiimpendulo kwinqaku ngalinye lemibuzo ye-22 (p <0.01).Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, iqela lokulinga lalinamanqaku aphezulu aphezulu kwizinto ze-questionnaire ze-21.Kuphela kumbuzo we-20 (Q20) we-questionnaire apho iqela lokulawula lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kuneqela lokulinga.I-histogram kumfanekiso wesi-7 ibonisa umahluko kumanqaku aphakathi phakathi kwamaqela.Uluhlu 2;Umzobo 7 ubonisa kwakhona iziphumo zamava omsebenzisi kwiprojekthi nganye.Kwiqela lolawulo, eyona nto iphezulu yayinombuzo we-Q21, kwaye into ephantsi kakhulu yayinombuzo we-Q6.Kwiqela lokulinga, into ephezulu yamanqaku yayinombuzo we-Q13, kwaye into ephantsi kakhulu yayinombuzo we-Q20.Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 7, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweqela lokulawula kunye neqela lokulinga libonwa kwi-Q6, kwaye umahluko omncinci ubonwa kwi-Q22.
Ukuthelekiswa kwamanqaku emibuzo.Igrafu yebha ethelekisa amanqaku aphakathi eqela lolawulo lisebenzisa imodeli yeplastiki kunye neqela lokulinga lisebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwenyani eyongeziweyo.I-AR-TCPT, inyani eyongeziweyo esekelwe kwisixhobo sokuchwela samazinyo.
Itekhnoloji ye-AR iya ithandwa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamazinyo, kubandakanywa i-aesthetics yeklinikhi, utyando lomlomo, iteknoloji yokubuyisela, i-morphology yamazinyo kunye ne-implantology, kunye nokulinganisa [28, 29, 30, 31].Umzekelo, iMicrosoft HoloLens ibonelela ngezixhobo zokwenyani ezongeziweyo zokuphucula imfundo yamazinyo kunye nocwangciso lotyando [32].Itekhnoloji yokwenyani eyinyani ikwabonelela ngendawo yokulinganisa ukufundisa imorphology yamazinyo [33].Nangona ezi ziboniso zeteknoloji ezixhomekeke kwi-hardware-ezixhonywe entloko azikafumaneki ngokubanzi kwimfundo yamazinyo, izicelo ze-AR zeselula zinokuphucula izakhono zesicelo seklinikhi kwaye zincede abasebenzisi baqonde ngokukhawuleza i-anatomy [34, 35].Itekhnoloji ye-AR inokonyusa inkuthazo kunye nomdla wabafundi ekufundeni imorphology yamazinyo kwaye ibonelele ngamava okufunda asebenzisanayo kwaye abandakanyayo [36].Izixhobo zokufunda ze-AR zinceda abafundi ukuba babone iinkqubo zamazinyo ezintsonkothileyo kunye ne-anatomy kwi-3D [37], ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni i-morphology yamazinyo.
Impembelelo ye-3D eprintiweyo yeemodeli zamazinyo zeplastiki ekufundiseni i-morphology yamazinyo sele ingcono kuneencwadi zezifundo ezinemifanekiso ye-2D kunye neenkcazo [38].Nangona kunjalo, idijithali yemfundo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yenze ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwazisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo yezonyango, kubandakanya imfundo yamazinyo [35].Ootitshala bajongene nomngeni wokufundisa iikhonsepthi ezintsonkothileyo kwintsimi eguqukayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye eguqukayo [39], efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezandla ukongeza kwimodeli yentlaka yamazinyo yemveli ukuncedisa abafundi kwisenzo sokukrola amazinyo.Ke ngoko, olu phononongo lubonisa isixhobo esisebenzayo se-AR-TCPT esisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-AR ukuncedisa ekusebenzeni kwe-morphology yamazinyo.
Uphando kumava omsebenzisi wezicelo ze-AR lubalulekile ekuqondeni izinto ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-multimedia [40].Amava afanelekileyo omsebenzisi we-AR anokugqiba isalathiso sophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwayo, kubandakanywa nenjongo yayo, ukusetyenziswa lula, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukubonisa ulwazi, kunye nokusebenzisana [41].Njengoko kuboniswe kwiThebhile 2, ngaphandle kwe-Q20, iqela lokulinga usebenzisa i-AR-TCPT lifumene ukulinganiswa kwamava omsebenzisi aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neqela lokulawula usebenzisa iimodeli zeplastiki.Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki, amava okusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT kwisenzo sokukrola wamazinyo alinganiswe kakhulu.Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukuqonda, ukubona, ukujonga, uphinda-phindo, ukuba luncedo kwezixhobo, kunye nokwahluka kweembono.Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT ziquka ukuqonda okukhawulezayo, ukuhamba ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwexesha, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zokukrola kwangaphambili, ukugubungela ngokubanzi, ukufunda okuphuculweyo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kweencwadi zezifundo, kunye nokunxibelelana, ukuzonwabisa, kunye nolwazi lwamava.I-AR-TCPT iphinda iququzelele ukusebenzisana nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza kwaye ibonelele ngokucacileyo kwiimbono ezininzi.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7, i-AR-TCPT iphakamise inqaku elongezelelweyo kumbuzo wama-20: ujongano olubanzi lwegraphical olubonisa onke amanyathelo okukrolwa kwamazinyo afunekayo ukunceda abafundi ukwenza ukukrola amazinyo.Ukubonakaliswa kwayo yonke inkqubo yokukrola amazinyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuchwela amazinyo ngaphambi kokunyanga izigulane.Iqela lokulinga lifumene amanqaku aphezulu kwi-Q13, umbuzo osisiseko onxulumene nokunceda ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokukrola amazinyo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokunyanga izigulane, ukugqamisa amandla esi sixhobo kwisenzo sokukrola wamazinyo.Abasebenzisi bafuna ukusebenzisa izakhono abazifundayo kwimeko yeklinikhi.Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezilandelelweyo ziyafuneka ukuvavanya uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwezakhono zokwenyani zokukrola izinyo.Umbuzo wesi-6 ubuze ukuba ngaba iimodeli zeplastiki kunye ne-AR-TCTP zingasetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye iimpendulo kulo mbuzo zibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela amabini.Njengosetyenziso oluphathwayo, i-AR-TCPT ibonakalise ukuba isebenziseka ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeplastiki.Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kunzima ukungqina impumelelo yemfundo yee-apps ze-AR ezisekwe kumava omsebenzisi kuphela.Uphononongo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuvavanya umphumo we-AR-TCTP kwiipilisi zamazinyo ezigqityiweyo.Nangona kunjalo, kolu phononongo, ukulinganisa okuphezulu kwamava omsebenzisi we-AR-TCPT kubonisa amandla ayo njengesixhobo esisebenzayo.
Olu phononongo lokuthelekisa lubonisa ukuba i-AR-TCPT inokuba yinto exabisekileyo okanye incedise kwiimodeli zeplastiki zemveli kwiiofisi zamazinyo, njengoko ifumene ukulinganiswa okugqwesileyo ngokubhekiselele kumava omsebenzisi.Nangona kunjalo, ukumisela ukuphakama kwayo kuya kufuna ukulinganiswa okungaphezulu ngabaqeqeshi bethambo eliphakathi kunye nelokugqibela eliqingqiweyo.Ukongeza, impembelelo yomahluko womntu ngamnye kwizakhono zokujonga indawo kwinkqubo yokukrola kunye nezinyo lokugqibela nazo kufuneka zihlalutywe.Izakhono zamazinyo ziyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu, ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokukrola kunye nezinyo lokugqibela.Ke ngoko, uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwe-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuchwela wamazinyo kunye nokuqonda indima yokumodareyitha kunye nokulamla yesicelo se-AR kwinkqubo yokukrola.Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxile ekuvavanyeni uphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo ze-morphology yamazinyo usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-HoloLens AR.
Isishwankathelo, olu phononongo lubonisa amandla e-AR-TCPT njengesixhobo sokuchwela wamazinyo njengoko ibonelela abafundi ngamava okufunda okutsha kunye nokunxibelelana.Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lemodeli yeplastiki yemveli, iqela le-AR-TCPT libonise amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu amava omsebenzisi, kubandakanywa neenzuzo ezifana nokuqonda ngokukhawuleza, ukuphuculwa kokufunda, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kweencwadi.Ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula, i-AR-TCPT ibonelela ngenye indlela ethembisayo kwizixhobo zeplastiki zemveli kwaye inokunceda abaqalayo ukukrola i-3D.Noko ke, uphando olongezelelekileyo luyafuneka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwayo kwezemfundo, kuquka impembelelo yayo kubuchule babantu bokukrola nobungakanani bamazinyo aqingqiweyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-25-2023