Ukufunda ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokufota ngemifanekiso ye-3D kunye nendlela yokufunda esekelwe kwiingxaki kuqeqesho lweklinikhi olunxulumene notyando lomqolo.
Bebonke, abafundi abali-106 bekhosi yeminyaka emihlanu yokufunda kwicandelo lezonyango elikhethekileyo elithi "Clinical Medicine" bakhethwe njengezifundo zolu phando, abaza kuthi ngo-2021 babe ne-internship kwisebe le-orthopedics kwisibhedlele esidibeneyo seYunivesithi yezoNyango yaseXuzhou. Aba bafundi bahlulwe ngokungacwangciswanga baba ngamaqela ovavanyo kunye namaqela olawulo, kunye nabafundi abangama-53 kwiqela ngalinye. Iqela lovavanyo lisebenzise indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji ye-3D imaging kunye nemo yokufunda ye-PBL, ngelixa iqela lolawulo lisebenzise indlela yokufunda yendabuko. Emva koqeqesho, ukusebenza kakuhle koqeqesho kumaqela amabini kwathelekiswa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo kunye nemibuzo.
Amanqaku apheleleyo kuvavanyo lwethiyori lwabafundi beqela lovavanyo ayephezulu kunalawo abafundi beqela lolawulo. Abafundi bamaqela amabini bazivavanye ngokwabo amanqaku abo kwisifundo, ngelixa amanqaku abafundi beqela lovavanyo ayephezulu kunalawo abafundi beqela lolawulo (P < 0.05). Umdla ekufundeni, umoya weklasi, ukusebenzisana kweklasi, kunye nolwaneliseko ngokufundisa zaziphezulu phakathi kwabafundi beqela lovavanyo kunakwiqela lolawulo (P < 0.05).
Ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yemifanekiso ye-3D kunye nendlela yokufunda ye-PBL xa kufundiswa utyando lomqolo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunda kunye nomdla wabafundi, kwaye kukhuthaze uphuhliso lwengcinga yabafundi yeklinikhi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwezonyango kunye netekhnoloji, umbuzo wokuba loluphi uhlobo lwemfundo yezonyango olunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ixesha elithathayo ukusuka kubafundi bezonyango ukuya koogqirha kwaye ngokukhawuleza lukhule abahlali ababalaseleyo lube yinto exhalabisayo. itsale ingqalelo eninzi [1]. Uqheliselo lwezonyango linqanaba elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwengcinga yezonyango kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo zabafundi bezonyango. Ngokukodwa, utyando lotyando lubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kwizakhono ezisebenzayo zabafundi kunye nolwazi lwe-human anatomy.
Okwangoku, indlela yokufundisa yendabuko isasebenza kakhulu ezikolweni nakwizonyango zeklinikhi [2]. Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko igxile kootitshala: utitshala umi eqongeni aze adlulisele ulwazi kubafundi ngeendlela zokufundisa zendabuko ezifana neencwadi zesikolo kunye neekharityhulam zemultimedia. Yonke ikhosi ifundiswa ngutitshala. Abafundi bamamela kakhulu iintetho, amathuba okuxoxa simahla kunye nemibuzo ayancitshiswa. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo inokujika ibe yindlela yokufundisa ecalanye kootitshala ngelixa abafundi besamkela imeko ngokungakhathali. Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokufundisa, ootitshala badla ngokufumanisa ukuba umdla wabafundi wokufunda awuphezulu, umdla awuphezulu, kwaye isiphumo sibi. Ukongeza, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacileyo isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo somqolo usebenzisa imifanekiso ye-2D efana ne-PPT, iincwadi zesifundo se-anatomy kunye nemifanekiso, kwaye akulula kubafundi ukuqonda nokufunda olu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, yokufunda okusekelwe kwiingxaki (PBL), yavavanywa kwiSikolo sezonyango seMcMaster University eCanada. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zokufundisa zemveli, inkqubo yokufunda yePBL iphatha abafundi njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokufunda kwaye isebenzisa imibuzo efanelekileyo njengezinto ezikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde, baxoxe kwaye basebenzisane ngokuzimeleyo kumaqela, babuze imibuzo ngenkuthalo baze bafumane iimpendulo endaweni yokuzamkela ngaphandle kokwenza njalo. , 5]. Kwinkqubo yokuhlalutya nokusombulula iingxaki, phuhlisa amandla abafundi okufunda ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokucinga ngengqiqo [6]. Ukongeza, ngenxa yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yezonyango yedijithali, iindlela zokufundisa zeklinikhi nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu. Itekhnoloji ye-3D imaging (3DV) ithatha idatha eluhlaza kwimifanekiso yezonyango, iyingenise kwisoftware yokwenza imodeli yokwakha kwakhona i-3D, ize emva koko icubungule idatha ukwenza imodeli ye-3D. Le ndlela iyoyisa imida yemodeli yokufundisa yendabuko, ivuselela ingqalelo yabafundi ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye inceda abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokukhawuleza izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ze-anatomical [7, 8], ngakumbi kwimfundo yamathambo. Ke ngoko, eli nqaku lidibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini ukufunda isiphumo sokudibanisa itekhnoloji yePBL ne-3DV kunye nendlela yokufunda yendabuko kwisicelo esisebenzayo. Isiphumo sesi silandelayo.
Injongo yolu phononongo yayingabafundi abali-106 abangene kwicandelo lotyando lomqolo kwisibhedlele sethu ngo-2021, abahlulwe baba ngamaqela ovavanyo kunye namaqela olawulo kusetyenziswa itheyibhile yamanani angacwangciswanga, abafundi abangama-53 kwiqela ngalinye. Iqela lovavanyo lalinamadoda angama-25 kunye nabafazi abangama-28 abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-23 ubudala, ubudala obuphakathi buyi-22.6±0.8 iminyaka. Iqela lolawulo laliquka amadoda angama-26 kunye nabafazi abangama-27 abaneminyaka engama-21-24 ubudala, ubudala obuqhelekileyo buyi-22.6±0.9 iminyaka, bonke abafundi bangama-interns. Akukho mahluko mkhulu kwiminyaka kunye nesini phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P>0.05).
Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa zezi zilandelayo: (1) Abafundi bexesha elizeleyo be-bachelor beklinikhi bonyaka wesine; (2) Abafundi abanokuveza ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo zabo zokwenyani; (3) Abafundi abanokuqonda kwaye bathathe inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kuyo yonke inkqubo yolu phononongo kwaye batyikitye ifomu yemvume enolwazi. Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa zezi zilandelayo: (1) Abafundi abangahlangabezani nayo nayiphi na ikhrayitheriya yokubandakanywa; (2) Abafundi abangafuniyo ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu qeqesho ngezizathu zabo; (3) Abafundi abanamava okufundisa e-PBL.
Ngenisa idatha ye-CT eluhlaza kwisoftware yokulinganisa kwaye ungenise imodeli eyakhelweyo kwisoftware yoqeqesho ekhethekileyo ukuze iboniswe. Le modeli inezicubu zamathambo, iidiski ze-intervertebral kunye nemithambo-luvo yomgogodla (Umzobo 1). Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zimelelwe yimibala eyahlukeneyo, kwaye imodeli inokwandiswa kwaye ijikeleziswe njengoko ufuna. Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela kukuba iileya ze-CT zinokubekwa kwimodeli kwaye ukucaca kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunokulungiswa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka.
a Umbono ongasemva kunye b Umbono osecaleni. kwi-L1, i-L3 kunye ne-pelvis yomzekelo zicacile. d Emva kokudibanisa umfanekiso we-CT cross-section kunye nomzekelo, ungayinyusa uye ezantsi ukuze usete iiplani ezahlukeneyo ze-CT. e Imodeli edibeneyo yemifanekiso ye-CT ye-sagittal kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo efihliweyo yokucubungula i-L1 kunye ne-L3
Umxholo ophambili woqeqesho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1) Ukuchongwa kunye nonyango lwezifo eziqhelekileyo kutyando lomqolo; 2) Ulwazi ngesakhiwo somqolo, ukucinga kunye nokuqonda ukuvela kunye nophuhliso lwezifo; 3) Iividiyo zokusebenza ezifundisa ulwazi olusisiseko. Amanqanaba otyando lomqolo oluqhelekileyo, 4) Ukubona ngeliso lengqondo izifo eziqhelekileyo kutyando lomqolo, 5) Ulwazi lwethiyori oluqhelekileyo ekufuneka lukhunjulwe, kubandakanya ithiyori yomqolo kaDennis oneentsika ezintathu, ukuhlelwa kwezaphuko zomqolo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwezaphuko zomqolo ezihluthwe yi-lumbar spine.
Iqela lovavanyo: Indlela yokufundisa idityaniswe netekhnoloji ye-PBL kunye ne-3D imaging. Le ndlela ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo. 1) Ukulungiselela iimeko eziqhelekileyo kutyando lomqolo: Xoxa ngeemeko ze-cervical spondylosis, i-lumbar disc herniation, kunye ne-pyramidal compression fractures, apho ityala ngalinye ligxile kumanqaku ahlukeneyo olwazi. Amatyala, iimodeli ze-3D kunye neevidiyo zotyando zithunyelwa kubafundi iveki ngaphambi kweklasi kwaye bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise imodeli ye-3D ukuvavanya ulwazi lwe-anatomical. 2) Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili: imizuzu eli-10 ngaphambi kweklasi, yazisa abafundi kwinkqubo ethile yokufunda ye-PBL, khuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, basebenzise ixesha elipheleleyo, kwaye bagqibezele imisebenzi ngobulumko. Ukwahlulahlula kwenziwe emva kokufumana imvume yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Thatha abafundi abasi-8 ukuya kwabali-10 kwiqela, bahlukane babe ngamaqela ngokukhululekileyo ukuze bacinge ngolwazi lokukhangela ityala, bacinge ngokuzifundela, bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zeqela, baphendulane, ekugqibeleni bashwankathele amanqaku aphambili, benze idatha ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye barekhode ingxoxo. Khetha umfundi onezakhono ezinamandla zokuhlela nokuvakalisa njengenkokeli yeqela ukuze alungiselele iingxoxo zeqela kunye neentetho. 3) Isikhokelo Sikatitshala: Ootitshala basebenzisa isoftware yokulinganisa ukuchaza indlela umzimba womqolo osebenza ngayo kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye bavumele abafundi ukuba basebenzise isoftware ngokukhutheleyo ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusondeza, ukujikeleza, ukubeka kwakhona i-CT kunye nokulungisa ukucaca kwezicubu; Ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nokukhumbula isakhiwo sesifo, kwaye babancede ukuba bacinge ngokuzimeleyo malunga nonxibelelwano oluphambili ekuqaleni, ekuphuhlisweni nasekuqhubekeni kwesifo. 4) Ukutshintshiselana ngezimvo kunye nengxoxo. Ukuphendula imibuzo edweliswe phambi kweklasi, nika iintetho zengxoxo yeklasi kwaye umeme inkokheli yeqela nganye ukuba inike ingxelo ngeziphumo zengxoxo yeqela emva kwexesha elaneleyo lengxoxo. Ngeli xesha, iqela lingabuza imibuzo kwaye lincedane, ngelixa utitshala kufuneka adwelise ngononophelo kwaye aqonde iindlela zokucinga zabafundi kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo. 5) Isishwankathelo: Emva kokuxoxa ngabafundi, utitshala uya kuphawula ngemidlalo yabafundi, ashwankathele aze aphendule ngokweenkcukacha eminye imibuzo eqhelekileyo neyimpikiswano, kwaye achaze indlela yokufunda kwixesha elizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqela lolawulo lisebenzisa indlela yokufunda yendabuko, liyalela abafundi ukuba bahlole kwangaphambili izixhobo ngaphambi kweklasi. Ukuze baqhube iintetho zethiyori, ootitshala basebenzisa iibhodi ezimhlophe, iikharityhulam zemultimedia, izixhobo zevidiyo, iimodeli zesampulu kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufundisa, kwaye baququzelele ikhosi yoqeqesho ngokuhambelana nezixhobo zokufundisa. Njengesongezelelo kwikharityhulam, le nkqubo igxila kwiingxaki ezifanelekileyo kunye namanqaku aphambili encwadi yesifundo. Emva kwentetho, utitshala ushwankathele izixhobo waza wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bakhumbule baze baqonde ulwazi olufanelekileyo.
Ngokuhambelana nomxholo woqeqesho, kwamkelwe uvavanyo lwencwadi evaliweyo. Imibuzo ejolise ngqo ikhethwa kwimibuzo efanelekileyo ebuzwa ngoogqirha kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Imibuzo exhomekeke ngqo iqulunqwa liSebe leeOrthopedics kwaye ekugqibeleni ivavanywa ngamalungu e-faculty angaluthathiyo uvavanyo. Bathatha inxaxheba ekufundeni. Amanqaku apheleleyo ovavanyo ngamanqaku ali-100, kwaye umxholo walo uquka ikakhulu la macandelo mabini alandelayo: 1) Imibuzo ejolise ngqo (imibuzo enokukhetha kuyo uninzi), evavanya ikakhulu ubuchule bolwazi lwabafundi, obuyi-50% yamanqaku ewonke; 2) Imibuzo exhomekeke ngqo ngqo (imibuzo yohlalutyo lwamatyala), egxile kakhulu ekuqondeni okucwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwezifo ngabafundi, obuyi-50% yamanqaku ewonke.
Ekupheleni kwekhosi, kwavezwa iphepha lemibuzo elinamacandelo amabini kunye nemibuzo elithoba. Umxholo ophambili wale mibuzo uhambelana nezinto eziboniswe kwitheyibhile, kwaye abafundi kufuneka baphendule imibuzo kwezi zinto ngamanqaku apheleleyo ali-10 kunye namanqaku aphantsi eli-1. Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ulwaneliseko oluphezulu lwabafundi. Imibuzo ekwiTheyibhile 2 imalunga nokuba indibaniselwano yeendlela zokufunda zePBL kunye ne-3DV inokunceda abafundi baqonde ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lobungcali. Izinto zeTheyibhile 3 zibonisa ulwaneliseko lwabafundi kuzo zombini iindlela zokufunda.
Yonke idatha ihlalutywe kusetyenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS 25; iziphumo zovavanyo zichazwe njenge-mean ± standard deviation (x ± s). Idatha yobungakanani ihlalutywe nge-ANOVA yendlela enye, idatha yomgangatho ihlalutywe ngovavanyo lwe-χ2, kwaye ukulungiswa kukaBonferroni kusetyenzisiwe kuthelekiso oluninzi. Umahluko obalulekileyo (P<0.05).
Iziphumo zohlalutyo lwezibalo zamaqela amabini zibonise ukuba amanqaku kwimibuzo ejolise ngqo (imibuzo yokukhetha okuninzi) yabafundi beqela lolawulo ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqela lovavanyo (P < 0.05), kwaye amanqaku abafundi beqela lolawulo ayephezulu kakhulu, kunabafundi beqela lovavanyo (P < 0.05). Amanqaku emibuzo exhomekeke ngqo (imibuzo yohlalutyo lwetyala) yabafundi beqela lovavanyo ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqela lolawulo (P < 0.01), jonga iTheyibhile 1.
Iimibuzo ezingaziwayo zasasazwa emva kweeklasi zonke. Zizonke, iimibuzo ezili-106 zasasazwa, ezili-106 zazo zabuyiselwa, ngelixa izinga lokuchacha laliyi-100.0%. Zonke iifom zigqityiwe. Ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo zophando lwemibuzo malunga nobungakanani bolwazi lobuchwephesha phakathi kwamaqela amabini abafundi kwatyhila ukuba abafundi beqela lovavanyo bayazi kakuhle izigaba eziphambili zotyando lomqolo, ulwazi lwesicwangciso, ulwahlulo lwezifo zakudala, njl. njl. kwi. Umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05) njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Uthelekiso lweempendulo kwiimibuzo ezinxulumene nolwaneliseko lokufundisa phakathi kwamaqela amabini: abafundi kwiqela lovavanyo bafumene amanqaku aphezulu kunabafundi abakwiqela lolawulo ngokwemdla wokufunda, umoya weklasi, ukusebenzisana kweklasi, kunye nolwaneliseko ngokufundisa. Umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05). Iinkcukacha ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Ngokuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo nophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ngakumbi njengoko singena kwinkulungwane yama-21, umsebenzi wezonyango ezibhedlele uya usiba nzima ngakumbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bezonyango banokuqhelana ngokukhawuleza nomsebenzi wezonyango kwaye baphuhlise iitalente zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuze kuzuze uluntu, ukufundiswa kwemveli kunye nendlela yokufunda edibeneyo kudibana nobunzima ekusombululeni iingxaki zeklinikhi ezisebenzayo. Imodeli yendabuko yemfundo yezonyango kwilizwe lam ineenzuzo zolwazi oluninzi kwigumbi lokufundela, iimfuno eziphantsi zokusingqongileyo, kunye nenkqubo yolwazi lokufundisa olunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufundisa izifundo zethiyori [9]. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwemfundo lunokukhokelela ngokulula kumsantsa phakathi kwethiyori kunye nokusebenza, ukwehla kwenyathelo kunye nomdla wabafundi ekufundeni, ukungakwazi ukuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo izifo ezinzima kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, akunakuhlangabezana neemfuno zemfundo ephakamileyo yezonyango. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inqanaba lotyando lomqolo kwilizwe lam liye landa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukufundiswa kotyando lomqolo kuye kwajongana nemingeni emitsha. Ngexesha loqeqesho lwabafundi bezonyango, eyona nxalenye inzima yotyando yi-orthopedics, ingakumbi utyando lomqolo. Amanqaku olwazi awanamsebenzi kangako kwaye akhathaleli nje kuphela ukukhubazeka komqolo kunye nosulelo, kodwa kunye nokwenzakala kunye neethumba zamathambo. Ezi ngcamango azipheleli nje ekucingeni nasekuqondeni, kodwa zikwanxulumene kakhulu ne-anatomy, i-pathology, i-imaging, i-biomechanics, kunye nezinye izifundo, okwenza umxholo wazo ube nzima ukuwuqonda nokuwukhumbula. Kwangaxeshanye, iindawo ezininzi zotyando lomgogodla zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ulwazi olukwiincwadi zezifundo ezikhoyo luphelelwe lixesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kootitshala ukufundisa. Ngoko ke, ukutshintsha indlela yokufundisa yendabuko kunye nokufaka uphuhliso lwamva nje kuphando lwamazwe ngamazwe kunokwenza ukufundiswa kolwazi olufanelekileyo lwethiyori kube luncedo, kuphuculwe amandla abafundi okucinga ngokwengqiqo, kwaye kukhuthaze abafundi ukuba bacinge ngokunzulu. Ezi ntsilelo kwinkqubo yokufunda yangoku kufuneka zijongwane nazo ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuhlolwe imida kunye nemida yolwazi lwezonyango lwanamhlanje kwaye koyiswe imiqobo yendabuko [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL yindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi. Ngokufunda ngokuzimeleyo nangokusebenzisa i-heuristic, kunye nengxoxo esebenzisana, abafundi banokukhupha ngokupheleleyo umdla wabo kwaye basuke ekwamkeleni ulwazi ngaphandle kokwenza nto baye ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokufundisa kotitshala. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokufunda esekelwe kwintetho, abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kwindlela yokufunda ye-PBL banexesha elaneleyo lokusebenzisa iincwadi zezifundo, i-Intanethi, kunye nesoftware ukukhangela iimpendulo zemibuzo, ukucinga ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nokuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumene noko kwindawo yeqela. Le ndlela iphuhlisa amandla abafundi okucinga ngokuzimeleyo, ukuhlalutya iingxaki kunye nokusombulula iingxaki [11]. Kwinkqubo yengxoxo ekhululekileyo, abafundi abahlukeneyo banokuba neengcinga ezininzi ezahlukeneyo malunga nomba omnye, nto leyo enika abafundi iqonga lokwandisa ukucinga kwabo. Ukuphuhlisa ukucinga ngokuyila kunye nokukwazi ukuqiqa okunengqiqo ngokucinga okuqhubekayo, kunye nokuphuhlisa amandla okuthetha kunye nomoya weqela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi eklasini [12]. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa i-PBL kuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde indlela yokuhlalutya, ukuhlela nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo, ukuqonda iindlela zokufundisa ezichanekileyo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zabo ezibanzi [13]. Ngexesha lenkqubo yethu yokufunda, sifumanise ukuba abafundi babenomdla ngakumbi ekufundeni indlela yokusebenzisa isoftware ye-3D imaging kunokuqonda iingcamango zobungcali zonyango ezidinayo ezivela kwiincwadi zezifundo, ngoko ke kwisifundo sethu, abafundi kwiqela lovavanyo badla ngokukhuthazeka ngakumbi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokufunda. ngcono kuneqela lolawulo. Ootitshala kufuneka bakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bathethe ngesibindi, baphuhlise ulwazi lwesifundo sabafundi, kwaye bavuselele umdla wabo wokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba, ngokolwazi lwenkumbulo yoomatshini, ukusebenza kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kuphantsi kunokweqela lolawulo, nangona kunjalo, kuhlalutyo lwetyala leklinikhi, elifuna ukusetyenziswa okuntsonkothileyo kolwazi olufanelekileyo, ukusebenza kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kungcono kakhulu kunakwiqela lolawulo, okugxininisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-3DV kunye neqela lolawulo. Iingenelo zokudibanisa amayeza emveli. Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ijolise ekuphuhliseni izakhono zabafundi ezijikelezileyo.
Ukufundiswa kwe-anatomy yeyona nto iphambili kwimfundiso yeklinikhi yotyando lomqolo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo somqolo kunye nenyaniso yokuba olu tyando lubandakanya izicubu ezibalulekileyo ezifana nomqolo, imithambo-luvo yomqolo, kunye nemithambo yegazi, abafundi kufuneka babe nobuchule bendawo ukuze bafunde. Ngaphambili, abafundi babesebenzisa imifanekiso enamacala amabini njengemifanekiso yeencwadi kunye nemifanekiso yevidiyo ukuchaza ulwazi olufanelekileyo, kodwa nangona bebaninzi kangaka, abafundi babengenalo ulwazi oluqondakalayo nolunemilinganiselo emithathu kule nkalo, nto leyo eyabangela ubunzima ekuqondeni. Ngenxa yeempawu ezintsonkothileyo ze-physiological kunye ne-pathological zomqolo, njengobudlelwane phakathi kwemithambo-luvo yomqolo kunye namacandelo omzimba we-vertebral, kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo nezinzima, ezifana nokuchazwa kunye nokuhlelwa kwezaphuko zomqolo wesibeleko. Abafundi abaninzi baxele ukuba umxholo wotyando lomqolo awubonakali kangako, kwaye abanakukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lezifundo zabo, kwaye ulwazi olufundiweyo luyalibaleka kungekudala emva kweklasi, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima emsebenzini wokwenyani.
Esebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubonakalisa ye-3D, umbhali unika abafundi imifanekiso ecacileyo ye-3D, iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezimelwe yimibala eyahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yemisebenzi efana nokujikeleza, ukulinganisa kunye nokucaca, imodeli yomqolo kunye nemifanekiso ye-CT inokubonwa ngokweeleya. Ayinakubonakala ngokucacileyo kuphela kwiimpawu zomzimba we-vertebral, kodwa ikwakhuthaza umnqweno wabafundi wokufumana umfanekiso we-CT odinayo womqolo. kunye nokuqinisa ulwazi kwicandelo lokubonakalisa. Ngokungafaniyo neemodeli kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili, umsebenzi wokucubungula ocacileyo unokusombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki yokuvaleka, kwaye kulula ngakumbi kubafundi ukujonga isakhiwo esihle se-anatomical kunye nolwalathiso oluntsonkothileyo lwemithambo-luvo, ngakumbi kwabaqalayo. Abafundi banokusebenza ngokukhululekileyo logama nje bezisa iikhompyutha zabo, kwaye akukho ntlawulo ihambelanayo. Le ndlela yindawo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha uqeqesho lwendabuko kusetyenziswa imifanekiso ye-2D [14]. Kolu phononongo, iqela lolawulo lenze ngcono kwimibuzo ejolise kwiinjongo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imodeli yokufundisa intetho ayinakuphikiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye isenexabiso elithile ekufundiseni kweklinikhi kotyando lomgogodla. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kusishukumisele ekubeni sicinge ngokuba singayidibanisa na indlela yokufunda yendabuko nendlela yokufunda yePBL ephuculweyo ngetekhnoloji yokubona izinto nge-3D, ejolise kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemviwo kunye nabafundi bamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukuze kwandiswe impembelelo yemfundo. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba ezi ndlela zimbini zinokudityaniswa na kwaye njani kwaye abafundi baya kwamkela na indibaniselwano enjalo, enokuba yindlela yophando lwexesha elizayo. Olu phononongo lukwajongene neengxaki ezithile ezifana nokuthatha inyathelo lokuqinisekisa xa abafundi begqiba iphepha lemibuzo emva kokuqonda ukuba baya kuthatha inxaxheba kwimodeli entsha yemfundo. Olu vavanyo lokufundisa lusetyenziswa kuphela kwimeko yotyando lomqolo kwaye uvavanyo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuba lungasetyenziswa ekufundiseni zonke iinkalo zotyando.
Sidibanisa itekhnoloji ye-3D imaging kunye nemo yoqeqesho ye-PBL, soyise imida yemo yoqeqesho yendabuko kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa, kwaye sifunde ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwale ndibaniselwano kuqeqesho lovavanyo lweklinikhi kutyando lomqolo. Ukujonga iziphumo zovavanyo, iziphumo zovavanyo oluzimeleyo zabafundi beqela lovavanyo zingcono kunezabafundi beqela lolawulo (P < 0.05), kwaye ulwazi lobungcali kunye nokwaneliseka ngezifundo zabafundi beqela lovavanyo nazo zingcono kunezabafundi beqela lolawulo lovavanyo. (P < 0.05). Iziphumo zophando lwemibuzo bezingcono kunezo zeqela lolawulo (P < 0.05). Ngoko ke, iimvavanyo zethu ziqinisekisa ukuba indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji ye-PBL kunye ne-3DV iluncedo ekwenzeni abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa ingcinga yeklinikhi, bafumane ulwazi lobungcali, kwaye bandise umdla wabo wokufunda.
Ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ye-PBL kunye ne-3DV kunokuphucula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yezonyango yabafundi bezonyango kwicandelo lotyando lomqolo, kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunda kunye nomdla wabafundi, kwaye kuncede ekuphuhliseni ingcinga yabafundi yeklinikhi. Itekhnoloji ye-3D imaging ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekufundiseni i-anatomy, kwaye isiphumo sokufundisa ngokubanzi singcono kunendlela yokufundisa yendabuko.
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Bonke ababhali banegalelo kwingcamango noyilo lophando. Ukulungiswa kwezinto, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nohlalutyo lwenziwe nguSun Maji, uChu Fuchao kunye noFeng Yuan. Uyilo lokuqala lombhalo-ngqangi lubhalwe nguChunjiu Gao, kwaye bonke ababhali baphawule ngeenguqulelo zangaphambili zombhalo-ngqangi. Ababhali bafunde baza bawuvuma umbhalo-ngqangi wokugqibela.
Olu phononongo luvunyiwe yiKomiti yeMithetho yokuziphatha yeSibhedlele esiManyeneyo seYunivesithi yeXuzhou Medical (XYFY2017-JS029-01). Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kophando, bonke abantu abafundayo babengabantu abadala abasempilweni, kwaye olu phononongo aluzange luphule iSibhengezo saseHelsinki. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zenziwa ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo nemigaqo efanelekileyo.
ISpringer Nature ayithathi cala kwizimangalo zolawulo kwiimephu ezipapashiweyo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwemibutho.
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