Ukufunda ukusetyenziswa kokudibanisa kwe-3D iteknoloji yokucinga kunye nemodi yokufunda esekelwe kwingxaki kuqeqesho lweklinikhi olunxulumene nokuhlinzwa komgogodla.
Bebonke, abafundi be-106 bekhosi yokufunda yeminyaka emihlanu kwi-specialty "I-Clinical Medicine" bakhethwa njengezifundo zophando, abathi ngo-2021 baya kuba ne-internship kwisebe le-orthopedics kwisibhedlele esihlangeneyo seYunivesithi yezoNyango yaseXuzhou.Aba bafundi bahlulwe ngokungenamkhethe baba ngamaqela ovavanyo kunye nolawulo, kunye nabafundi abangama-53 kwiqela ngalinye.Iqela lokulinga lisebenzise indibaniselwano ye-3D yeteknoloji yokucinga kunye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL, ngelixa iqela lokulawula lisebenzise indlela yokufunda yendabuko.Emva koqeqesho, impumelelo yoqeqesho kula maqela mabini yathelekiswa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo kunye noluhlu lwemibuzo.
Amanqaku apheleleyo kuvavanyo lwethiyori yabafundi beqela lokulinga laliphezulu kunelo labafundi beqela lolawulo.Abafundi bamaqela amabini bavavanya ngokuzimeleyo amabakala abo kwisifundo, ngelixa amabakala abafundi beqela lokulinga ayephezulu kunalawo abafundi beqela lokulawula (P <0.05).Umdla wokufunda, umoya wegumbi lokufundela, ukusebenzisana eklasini, kunye nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa kwakuphezulu phakathi kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kuneqela lokulawula (P <0.05).
Indibaniselwano ye-3D imaging technology kunye nemowudi yokufunda ye-PBL xa ufundisa utyando lomnqonqo lunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomdla wabafundi, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lokucinga kweklinikhi yabafundi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqokelela okuqhubekayo kolwazi lweklinikhi kunye nobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuba luhlobo luni lwemfundo yezonyango enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ixesha elithathayo ukuguquka ukusuka kubafundi bezonyango ukuya koogqirha kwaye bakhule ngokukhawuleza abahlali ababalaseleyo kuye kwaba yinto exhalabisayo.yatsala umdla omkhulu [1].Ukusebenza kweklinikhi yinqanaba elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukucinga kweklinikhi kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo zabafundi bezonyango.Ngokukodwa, utyando lubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kwizakhono ezisebenzayo zabafundi kunye nolwazi lwe-anatomy yomntu.
Okwangoku, isimbo sokufundisa sesintu sisalawula ezikolweni nakumayeza eklinikhi [2].Indlela yokufundisa yemveli igxile kutitshala: utitshala uma eqongeni aze adlulisele ulwazi kubafundi ngeendlela zokufundisa zemveli ezifana neencwadi zezifundo kunye nekharityhulamu yemultimedia.Ikhosi yonke ifundiswa ngutitshala.Abafundi ubukhulu becala bamamela iintetho, amathuba engxoxo yasimahla kunye nemibuzo anqongophele.Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo inokujika ngokulula ibe yimfundiso ecalanye kootitshala ngelixa abafundi beyamkela imeko.Ngaloo ndlela, kwinkqubo yokufundisa, abafundisi-ntsapho badla ngokufumanisa ukuba umdla wabafundi wokufunda awuphakami, umdla awuphakami, yaye umphumo uba mbi.Ukongezelela, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacileyo isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somqolo usebenzisa imifanekiso ye-2D efana ne-PPT, iincwadi ze-anatomy kunye nemifanekiso, kwaye akulula ukuba abafundi baqonde kwaye baqonde olu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, ukufunda okusekelwe kwingxaki (PBL), yavavanywa kwiSikolo seMcMaster University School of Medicine eCanada.Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zokufundisa zesiqhelo, inkqubo yokufunda ye-PBL ithatha abafundi njengenxalenye engundoqo yenkqubo yokufunda kwaye isebenzisa imibuzo efanelekileyo njengeengcebiso ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukufunda, ukuxoxa nokusebenzisana ngokuzimeleyo bengamaqela, babuze imibuzo ngenkuthalo kwaye bafumane iimpendulo kunokuba bamkele nje bengenzi nto., 5].Kwinkqubo yokuhlalutya kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, phuhlisa isakhono sabafundi sokufunda ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokucinga okunengqiqo [6].Ukongeza, enkosi kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yezonyango yedijithali, iindlela zokufundisa zonyango ziye zatyetyiswa kakhulu.Itekhnoloji yokucinga ye-3D (3DV) ithatha idatha ekrwada kwimifanekiso yezonyango, iyingenise kwisoftware yomfuziselo wokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-3D, emva koko isebenze idatha ukwenza imodeli ye-3D.Le ndlela yoyisa imida yemodeli yokufundisa yemveli, uhlanganisa ingqalelo abafundi 'ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye inceda abafundi ngokukhawuleza master izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo anatomical [7, 8], ingakumbi kwimfundo yamathambo.Ke ngoko, eli nqaku lidibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini zokufunda isiphumo sokudibanisa i-PBL kunye netekhnoloji ye-3DV kunye nemowudi yokufunda yemveli kwisicelo esisebenzayo.Isiphumo sisilandelayo.
Injongo yolu phando yayingabafundi be-106 abangena kwi-spinal practice practice esibhedlele kwi-2021, eyahlulahlulwa ngamaqela okulinga kunye nokulawula usebenzisa i-random itafile, abafundi be-53 kwiqela ngalinye.Iqela lovavanyo liqulethwe ngamadoda angama-25 kunye nabasetyhini be-28 abaneminyaka eyi-21 ukuya kwi-23 ubudala, iminyaka yobudala be-22.6± 0.8 iminyaka.Iqela lolawulo libandakanya amadoda angama-26 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-27 abaneminyaka engama-21-24 ubudala, umndilili weminyaka engama-22.6±0.9 iminyaka, bonke abafundi bangama-intern.Kwakungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwiminyaka yobudala kunye nesini phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P> 0.05).
Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) Unyaka wesine wabafundi be-bachelor bekliniki bexesha elizeleyo;(2) Abafundi abanokuzichaza ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo zabo zokwenene;(3) Abafundi abanokuqonda kwaye bathathe inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kuyo yonke inkqubo yolu phononongo kwaye basayine ifom yemvume enolwazi.Iikhrayitheriya zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) Abafundi abangafikeleliyo nayiphi na indlela yokubandakanywa;(2) Abafundi abanganqweneli ukuba nenxaxheba kolu qeqesho ngezizathu zobuqu;(3) Abafundi abanamava okufundisa e-PBL.
Ngenisa idatha ekrwada ye-CT kwisoftware yokulinganisa kwaye ungenise imodeli eyakhelweyo kwisoftware yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ukuze iboniswe.Imodeli iqukethe izicubu zethambo, iidiski ze-intervertebral kunye neentambo zomgogodla (umzobo 1).Amacandelo ahlukeneyo amelwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, kwaye imodeli inokwandiswa kwaye ijikelezwe njengoko ifunwa.Inzuzo ephambili yesi sicwangciso kukuba i-CT layers inokubekwa kwimodeli kwaye ukungafihli kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunokulungiswa ukuze kugwenywe ngokufanelekileyo ukuvala.
imboniselo yangasemva kunye b nembono yecala.kwi-L1, i-L3 kunye ne-pelvis yemodeli ibonakala ngokucacileyo.d Emva kokudibanisa umfanekiso we-CT cross-section kunye nemodeli, ungayihambisa phezulu nasezantsi ukuseta iindiza ze-CT ezahlukeneyo.e Imodeli edibeneyo yemifanekiso ye-sagittal ye-CT kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo efihliweyo yokucubungula i-L1 kunye ne-L3
Umxholo oyintloko woqeqesho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1) Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo eziqhelekileyo kukuhlinzwa komgogodla;2) Ulwazi lwe-anatomy yomqolo, ukucinga kunye nokuqonda ukwenzeka kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezifo;3) Iividiyo ezisebenzayo ezifundisa ulwazi olusisiseko.Amanqanaba otyando oluqhelekileyo lomgudu, i-4) Ukubonwa kwezifo eziqhelekileyo kwi-spine surgery, i-5) Ulwazi lwe-Classical theory ukukhumbula, kubandakanywa i-theory ye-Dennis ye-three-column spine, ukuhlelwa kwe-spinal fractures, kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-herniated lumbar spine.
Iqela lovavanyo: Indlela yokufundisa idibene ne-PBL kunye ne-3D ye-imaging technology.Le ndlela ibandakanya le miba ilandelayo.I-1) Ukulungiswa kwamatyala aqhelekileyo kunyango lomgudu: Xoxa ngeemeko ze-spondylosis yomlomo wesibeleko, i-lumbar disc herniation, kunye ne-pyramidal compression fractures, kunye nemeko nganye egxininise kumanqaku ahlukeneyo olwazi.Amatyala, iimodeli ze-3D kunye neevidiyo zotyando zithunyelwa kubafundi kwiveki ngaphambi kweklasi kwaye bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise imodeli ye-3D ukuvavanya ulwazi lwe-anatomical.I-2) Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili: imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kweklasi, yazisa abafundi kwinkqubo yokufunda ye-PBL ethile, ukhuthaze abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo, basebenzise ngokupheleleyo ixesha, kwaye bagqibezele izabelo ngobulumko.Ukwahlulahlula kwenziwa emva kokufumana imvume yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.Thatha abafundi abasi-8 ukuya kwabali-10 kwiqela, bahlukane babe ngamaqela ngokukhululekileyo ukuze bacinge ngemeko yokukhangela ulwazi, bacinge ngokuzifundela, bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zeqela, baphendule omnye komnye, ekugqibeleni bashwankathele iingongoma eziphambili, benze iinkcukacha ezicwangcisiweyo, babhale ingxoxo.Khetha umfundi onezakhono ezomeleleyo zombutho kunye nokuvakalisa njengenkokeli yeqela ukulungiselela iingxoxo zeqela kunye neentetho.3) Isikhokelo sikaTitshala: Ootitshala basebenzisa isoftware yokulinganisa ukucacisa i-anatomy yomqolo ngokudibanisa neemeko eziqhelekileyo, kwaye bavumele abafundi ukuba basebenzise isoftware ngokusebenzayo ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusondeza, ukujikeleza, ukubeka kwakhona i-CT kunye nokulungelelanisa ukucaca kwezicubu;Ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nokukhumbula ngesakhiwo sesi sifo, kwaye ubancede ukuba bacinge ngokuzimeleyo malunga namakhonkco aphambili ekuqaleni, uphuhliso kunye nekhosi yesifo.4) Utshintshiselwano lweembono kunye nengxoxo.Ukuphendula imibuzo edweliswe phambi kweklasi, yenza iintetho zengxoxo yeklasi kwaye umeme inkokeli yeqela nganye ukuba inike ingxelo ngeziphumo zengxoxo yeqela emva kwexesha elaneleyo lengxoxo.Ngeli xesha, iqela linokubuza imibuzo kwaye lincedisane, ngelixa utitshala kufuneka adwelise ngokucophelela kwaye aqonde iindlela zokucinga zabafundi kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo.5) Isishwankathelo: Emva kokuxoxa ngabafundi, utitshala uya kugqabaza ngendlela abafundi abaqhuba ngayo, ashwankathele aze aphendule ngokweenkcukacha imibuzo ethile eqhelekileyo neyimpikiswano, aze achaze isikhokelo sokufunda kwixesha elizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqela lolawulo lisebenzisa imowudi yokufunda yemveli, iyalela abafundi ukuba bajonge kuqala izixhobo phambi kweklasi.Ukuqhuba iintetho zethiyori, ootitshala basebenzisa iibhodi ezimhlophe, ikharityhulam yemultimedia, imathiriyeli yevidiyo, imizekelo yemizekelo nezinye izixhobo zokufundisa, kananjalo baququzelele ikhosi yoqeqesho ngokungqinelana nezixhobo zokufundisa.Njengokongeza kwikharityhulam, le nkqubo igxininisa kwiingxaki ezifanelekileyo nakwiingongoma eziphambili zencwadi yesifundo.Emva kwentetho, utitshala wawushwankathela umbandela waza wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bankqaye baze baqonde ulwazi olufanelekileyo.
Ngokungqinelana nomxholo woqeqesho, uviwo lwencwadi evaliweyo lwamkelwa.Imibuzo enenjongo ikhethwa kwimibuzo efanelekileyo ebuzwa ngabasebenzi bezonyango kwiminyaka edlulileyo.Imibuzo eyiNtloko iqulunqwe liSebe le-Orthopedics kwaye ekugqibeleni ivandlakanywe ngamalungu e-faculty angaluthathi uviwo.Thatha inxaxheba ekufundeni.Amanqaku apheleleyo ovavanyo ngamanqaku ali-100, kwaye umxholo walo ikakhulu ubandakanya la macandelo mabini alandelayo: 1) Imibuzo yenjongo (ubukhulu becala imibuzo ekhethwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo), evavanya ubukhulu becala ubuchule bolwazi lwabafundi, eyi-50% yamanqaku ewonke. ;2) Imibuzo echaphazelekayo (imibuzo yokuhlalutya imeko), igxininise kakhulu ekuqondeni okucwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwezifo ngabafundi, okuyi-50% yamanqaku ewonke.
Ekupheleni kwekhosi, iphepha lemibuzo elinamacandelo amabini nemibuzo esithoba yanikelwa.Umxholo oyintloko wale mibuzo ungqinelana nezinto ezinikwe kwitheyibhile, kwaye abafundi mabaphendule imibuzo ekwezi zinto ngamanqaku apheleleyo ali-10 kunye nenqaku eli-1 ubuncinane.Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukoneliseka okuphezulu kwabafundi.Imibuzo ekuTheyibhile yesi-2 imalunga nokuba indibaniselwano ye-PBL kunye ne-3DV yeendlela zokufunda zinganceda abafundi baqonde ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lobuchwephesha.Izinto zeTheyibhile 3 zibonisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngazo zombini iindlela zokufunda.
Yonke idatha yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeSPSS 25;iziphumo zovavanyo zachazwa njengentsingiselo ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni (x ± s).Idatha ye-quantitative yahlalutywa yindlela enye ye-ANOVA, idatha yekhwalithi yahlalutywa ngovavanyo lwe-χ2, kwaye ukulungiswa kweBonferroni kusetyenziswe ukuthelekisa ezininzi.Umahluko obalulekileyo (P <0.05).
Iziphumo zohlalutyo lwezibalo zamaqela amabini zibonise ukuba amanqaku kwimibuzo enenjongo (imibuzo yokhetho oluninzi) yabafundi beqela lolawulo yayiphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yabafundi beqela lovavanyo (P <0.05), kunye namanqaku yabafundi beqela lolawulo babephezulu kakhulu, kunabafundi beqela lokulinga (P <0.05).Amanqaku emibuzo ye-subjective (imibuzo yokuhlalutya imeko) yabafundi beqela lokulinga laliphezulu kakhulu kunabo babafundi beqela lolawulo (P <0.01), bona iThebhile.1.
Amaphepha emibuzo angaziwa asasazwa emva kweeklasi zonke.Lilonke, iikhweshine ze-106 zahanjiswa, i-106 yazo yabuyiselwa, ngelixa izinga lokubuyisela laliyi-100.0%.Zonke iifom zigcwalisiwe.Ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo zemibuzo yophando malunga nenqanaba lokufumana ulwazi lobungcali phakathi kwamaqela amabini abafundi lubonise ukuba abafundi beqela lovavanyo balawula amanqanaba aphambili otyando lomqolo, ulwazi lwesicwangciso, ukuhlelwa kwezifo, njl njl. .Umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05) njengoko kubonisiwe kwiThebhile 2.
Ukuthelekiswa kweempendulo zemibuzo enxulumene nokwaneliseka kokufundisa phakathi kwamaqela amabini: abafundi abakwiqela lovavanyo bafumene amanqaku aphezulu kunabafundi abakwiqela lolawulo ngokomdla wokufunda, umoya wegumbi lokufundela, ukusebenzisana eklasini, kunye nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa.Umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P <0.05).Iinkcukacha ziboniswe kwiThebhile 3.
Ngokuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ngakumbi njengoko singena kwinkulungwane yama-21, umsebenzi wekliniki kwizibhedlele uya usiba nzima ngakumbi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abafundi bezonyango banokukhawuleza baziqhelanise nomsebenzi wezonyango kwaye baphuhlise iitalente zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuze kuxhamle uluntu, ukufundiswa ngokwesintu kunye nendlela emanyeneyo yokufunda badibana nobunzima ekusombululeni iingxaki zeklinikhi ezisebenzayo.Imodeli yemveli yemfundo yezonyango kwilizwe lam ineengenelo zolwazi oluninzi kwigumbi lokufundela, iimfuno eziphantsi zokusingqongileyo, kunye nenkqubo yolwazi lokufundisa enokwanelisa iimfuno zokufundisa iikhosi zethiyori [9].Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwemfundo lunokukhokelela ngokulula kumsantsa phakathi kwethiyori kunye nokusebenza, ukuncipha kwenyathelo kunye nentshiseko yabafundi ekufundeni, ukungakwazi ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi izifo ezintsonkothileyo kwizifundo zeklinikhi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abanakuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyango oluphezulu. imfundo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inqanaba lotyando lomqolo kwilizwe lam liye landa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfundiso yotyando lomqolo ijongene nemingeni emitsha.Ngexesha loqeqesho lwabafundi bezonyango, eyona nto inzima yotyando yi-orthopedics, ngakumbi utyando lomqolo.Amanqaku olwazi ayinto encinci kwaye ayixhalabisi kuphela ukukhubazeka komgogodla kunye nosulelo, kodwa kunye nokulimala kunye namathumba amathambo.Ezi ngcamango azikho nje kuphela kwaye zinzima, kodwa zihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-anatomy, i-pathology, i-imaging, i-biomechanics, kunye nezinye izifundo, okwenza umxholo wabo ube nzima ukuyiqonda nokukhumbula.Kwangaxeshanye, iindawo ezininzi zotyando lomqolo zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ulwazi oluqulethwe kwiincwadi zezifundo ezikhoyo luphelelwe lixesha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ootitshala bafundise.Ke ngoko, ukutshintsha indlela yokufundisa yemveli nokubandakanya uphuhliso lwamva nje kuphando lwamazwe ngamazwe kunokwenza ukufundiswa kolwazi olufanelekileyo lwethiyori kusebenze, kuphucule ukukwazi kwabafundi ukucinga ngokusengqiqweni, nokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacinge nzulu.Ezi ntsilelo kwinkqubo yokufunda yangoku kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuphononongwe imida kunye nemida yolwazi lwezonyango lwanamhlanje kwaye koyise imiqobo yemveli [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL yindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi.Ngokufunda ngokuzimeleyo, ngokufunda ngokuzimeleyo nangeengxoxo ezisebenzisanayo, abafundi banokuwukhulula ngokupheleleyo umdlandla wabo baze basuke ekwamkeleni ulwazi ngokungenzi nto baye ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo ekufundiseni kukatitshala.Xa kuthelekiswa nemowudi yokufunda esekwe kwintetho, abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kwimowudi yokufunda ye-PBL banexesha elaneleyo lokusebenzisa iincwadi zezifundo, i-Intanethi, kunye nesoftware ukukhangela iimpendulo zemibuzo, ukucinga ngokuzimeleyo, nokuxoxa ngezihloko ezinxulumeneyo kwindawo yeqela.Le ndlela ikhulisa ukukwazi kwabafundi ukucinga ngokuzimeleyo, ukuhlalutya iingxaki kunye nokusombulula iingxaki [11].Kwinkqubo yengxoxo yasimahla, abafundi abahlukeneyo banokuba neengcamango ezininzi ezahlukeneyo malunga nomba ofanayo, onika abafundi iqonga lokwandisa ukucinga kwabo.Phuhlisa ukucinga ngokuyilayo kunye nekhono lokuqiqa ngokucinga ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye uphuhlise isakhono sokuthetha ngomlomo kunye nomoya weqela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwabafundi ofunda nabo [12].Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa i-PBL kuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde indlela yokuhlalutya, ukucwangcisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo, ukulawula iindlela ezichanekileyo zokufundisa kunye nokuphucula izakhono zabo ezibanzi [13].Ngexesha lenkqubo yethu yokufunda, sifumanise ukuba abafundi banomdla ngakumbi wokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa isoftware ye-3D yomfanekiso kunokuqonda iikhonsepthi zonyango ezikruqulayo ezivela kwiincwadi zezifundo, ngoko kuphononongo lwethu, abafundi abakwiqela lovavanyo badla ngokukhuthazeka ngakumbi ekuthatheni inxaxheba ekufundeni. inkqubo.ngcono kuneqela lolawulo.Ootitshala bafanele bakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bathethe ngokukhaliphileyo, bakhulise ulwazi lwabafundi ngezifundo, kwaye bavuselele umdla wabo wokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba, ngokolwazi lwememori yomatshini, ukusebenza kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kuncinci kuneqela lolawulo, nangona kunjalo, kuhlalutyo lwemeko yeklinikhi, efuna usetyenziso olunzima lolwazi olufanelekileyo, ukusebenza kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kungcono kakhulu kuneqela lolawulo, eligxininisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-3DV kunye neqela lokulawula.Izibonelelo zokudibanisa amayeza esintu.Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ijolise ekuphuhliseni izakhono zabafundi macala onke.
Imfundiso ye-anatomy isembindini wemfundiso yeklinikhi yotyando lomqolo.Ngenxa yesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo somnqonqo kunye nenyaniso yokuba umsebenzi ubandakanya izicubu ezibalulekileyo ezifana nentambo yomgogodla, i-spinal nerve, kunye nemithambo yegazi, abafundi kufuneka babe nokucinga kwendawo ukuze bafunde.Ngaphambili, abafundi babesebenzisa imifanekiso enemigangatho emibini efana nemifanekiso yeencwadi kunye nemifanekiso yevidiyo ukucacisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo, kodwa nangona le nxalenye yezinto eziphathekayo, abafundi babengenalo ingqiqo kunye nengqiqo-ntathu kulo mba, obangela ubunzima ekuqondeni.Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo ze-physiological and pathological of the spine, ezifana nobudlelwane phakathi kweentsholongwane zomgogodla kunye namacandelo omzimba we-vertebral, kumanqaku athile abalulekileyo kunye nobunzima, njengokubonakaliswa kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-vertebral fractures yomlomo wesibeleko.Abafundi abaninzi babika ukuba umxholo wotyando lomqolo uyinto engaqondakaliyo, kwaye abanakuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lezifundo zabo, kwaye ulwazi olufundileyo luyalityalwa kungekudala emva kweklasi, nto leyo ekhokelela kubunzima bomsebenzi wokwenene.
Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokubonisa i-3D, umbhali ubonisa abafundi ngemifanekiso ecacileyo ye-3D, iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezimelwe ngemibala eyahlukeneyo.Ngombulelo kwimisebenzi efana nokujikeleza, ukulinganisa kunye nokungafihli, imodeli yomqolo kunye nemifanekiso ye-CT inokujongwa kwiileyile.Akunjalo kuphela iimpawu ze-anatomical zomzimba we-vertebral zibonwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa zivuselela umnqweno wabafundi wokufumana umfanekiso we-CT odinisayo womqolo.kunye nokomeleza ngakumbi ulwazi kwinkalo yokujonga.Ngokungafaniyo neemodeli kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa ezisetyenzisiweyo kwixesha elidlulileyo, umsebenzi wokucubungula obala unokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yokuvala, kwaye kulula ngakumbi kubafundi ukuba baqaphele isakhiwo esihle se-anatomical kunye nolwalathiso lwe-nerve enzima, ngakumbi kwabaqalayo.Abafundi banokusebenza ngokukhululekileyo ukuba nje bezisa iikhompyuter zabo, kwaye akukho ntlawulo inxulumeneyo.Le ndlela yindawo efanelekileyo yoqeqesho lwemveli usebenzisa imifanekiso ye-2D [14].Kule sifundo, iqela lokulawula lenze ngcono kwimibuzo enenjongo, ebonisa ukuba imodeli yokufundisa intetho ayinakuphikiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye isenayo ixabiso elithile kwimfundiso yeklinikhi yokuhlinzwa komgogodla.Oku kufunyanisiweyo kusishukumisele ukuba sicinge ukuba sidibanise imowudi yokufunda yemveli kunye nemowudi yokufunda ye-PBL ephuculwe ngeteknoloji yokubonwa kwe-3D, ejolise kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemviwo kunye nabafundi bamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukuze kwandiswe umphumo wezemfundo.Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba ezi ndlela zimbini zinokudityaniswa kwaye nokuba abafundi baya kuyamkela indibaniselwano enjalo, enokuba ngumkhombandlela wophando lwexesha elizayo.Olu phononongo lukwajongene nezinto ezingeloncedo ezithile ezinjengokuthambekela koqinisekiso olunokwenzeka xa abafundi bezalisa uluhlu lwemibuzo emva kokuqonda ukuba baya kuthatha inxaxheba kumfuziselo omtsha wemfundo.Olu vavanyo lokufundisa luphunyezwa kuphela kumxholo wotyando lomqolo kwaye uvavanyo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuba lunokusetyenziswa ekufundiseni zonke iinkalo zotyando.
Sidibanisa iteknoloji ye-3D yokucinga kunye nemodi yoqeqesho lwe-PBL, sinqobe imida yendlela yoqeqesho lwendabuko kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa, kwaye sifunde ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kolu kudibanisa kuqeqesho lovavanyo lweklinikhi kutyando lomnqonqo.Ngokujonga iziphumo zovavanyo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwabafundi beqela lovavanyo zingcono kunezo zabafundi beqela lolawulo (P <0.05), kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha kunye nokwaneliseka ngezifundo zabafundi beqela lovavanyo. zikwangcono kunezo zabafundi beqela lovavanyo.iqela lolawulo (P <0.05).Iziphumo zophando lwemibuzo zazingcono kunezo zeqela lolawulo (P <0.05).Ke ngoko, iimvavanyo zethu ziqinisekisa ukuba indibaniselwano ye-PBL kunye ne-3DV itekhnoloji iluncedo ekwenzeni abafundi basebenzise ukucinga kweklinikhi, bafumane ulwazi lobuchwephesha, kunye nokwandisa umdla wabo ekufundeni.
Indibaniselwano ye-PBL kunye ne-3DV technologies inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kweklinikhi yabafundi bezonyango kwicandelo lotyando lomqolo, ukuphucula ukufunda okusebenzayo kunye nomdla wabafundi, kunye nokunceda ukuphuhlisa ukucinga kweklinikhi yabafundi.Itekhnoloji ye-imaging ye-3D ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekufundiseni i-anatomy, kwaye umphumo wokufundisa ngokubanzi ungcono kunendlela yokufundisa yendabuko.
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Bonke ababhali babe negalelo kumbono kunye noyilo lwesifundo.Ukulungiswa kwezinto, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nohlalutyo lwenziwa nguSun Maji, uChu Fuchao kunye noFeng Yuan.Idrafti yokuqala yombhalo wesandla yabhalwa nguChunjiu Gao, kwaye bonke ababhali baphawula kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili zombhalo wesandla.Ababhali bafunde kwaye bavuma umbhalo-ngqangi wokugqibela.
Olu phononongo luvunywe yi-Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Ethics Committee (XYFY2017-JS029-01).Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kokuba kufundwe, zonke izifundo zazingabantu abadala abanempilo, kwaye isifundo asizange siphule iSibhengezo saseHelsinki.Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zenziwa ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo kunye nemimiselo efanelekileyo.
I-Springer Nature ihlala ingathathi hlangothi kumabango olawulo kwiimephu ezipapashiweyo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwamaziko.
Vula ukufikelela.Eli nqaku lihanjiswa phantsi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, evumela ukusetyenziswa, ukwabelana, ukulungelelaniswa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kuyo nayiphi na indlela kunye nefomathi, ngaphandle kokuba utyala umbhali wokuqala kunye nomthombo, ngaphandle kokuba i-Creative Commons ikhonkco yelayisensi kwaye ibonise. ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe.Imifanekiso okanye ezinye izinto zomntu wesithathu kweli nqaku zibandakanyiwe phantsi kwelayisenisi yeCreative Commons yeli nqaku, ngaphandle kokuba kuphawulwe ngenye indlela kuphawu lwento.Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo azifakwanga kwilayisenisi ye-Creative Commons yenqaku kwaye ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo akuvunyelwanga ngumthetho okanye ummiselo okanye kudlula ukusetyenziswa okuvunyelweyo, kuya kufuneka ufumane imvume ngokuthe ngqo kumnini welungelo lokushicilela.Ukujonga ikopi yeli phepha-mvume, tyelela http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.I-Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) i-domain ye-public disclaimer isebenza kwidatha enikezwe kweli nqaku, ngaphandle kokuba kuphawulwe ngenye indlela kubunikazi bedatha.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-04-2023