Ukufundisisa isicelo sokudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ye-3D ye-3D kunye nemodi yokufunda esekwe kwingxaki kuqeqesho lwekliniki olunxulumene notyando wesibini.
Lilonke, iyonke yekhosi yeminyaka emihlanu yokufunda "iyeza lezonyango" lakhethwa njengezifundo zesifundo, ezingu-2021 ziya kuba nemfundo kwiSebe leMfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseBazhou. Aba bafundi bahlulahlulwe ngokungacwangciswanga baba ngamaqela ovavanyo kunye nolawulo, abafundi abangama-53 kwiqela ngalinye. Iqela lovavanyo lasebenzisa indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji ye-3D ye-3D kunye nemowudi yokufunda ye-PBL, ngelixa iqela lolawulo lasebenzisa indlela yokufunda yemveli. Emva koqeqesho, ukusebenza koqeqesho kumaqela amabini kuthelekiswa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo kunye nephepha lemibuzo.
Inqaku elipheleleyo lovavanyo lwethiyori kubafundi beqela lovavanyo laliphezulu kunolo kwale nqanaba leqela leqela lolawulo. Abafundi bala maqela mabini bazivavanya kakhulu amabanga abo kwisifundo, ngelixa amabakala abafundi beqela lovavanyo bebengaphezulu kunaleyo yabafundi beqela leqela leqela (P <0.05). Inzala ekufundeni, kwimozulu yaseklasini, ukusebenzisana kwigumbi lokufundela, kunye nolwaneliseko ngokufundisa lwalungaphezulu kwabafundi kwiqela lolawulo kunoko (P <0.05).
Ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji ye-3D ye-3D kunye nemowudi yokufunda ye-PBL xa ukufundisa utyando lweSpine kunokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwenza umdla wabafundi, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwabafundi bekliniki.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi lweklinikhi kunye netekhnoloji, umbuzo wokuba loluphi uhlobo lwemfundo oluthathayo ngokufanelekileyo kwixesha lezonyango koogqirha kwaye lukhawuleze ukukhulisa umbandela obalaseleyo. utsaleleke kakhulu [1]. Ukuziqhelanisa neklinikhi kubalulekile kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lokucinga kwekliniki kunye nobuchule bonyango lwabafundi bezonyango. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi yoqhaqho inyanzelisa iimfuno ezikhoyo kwizakhono zabafundi kunye nolwazi lwe-anatomy yomntu.
Okwangoku, isitayile semfundo yemveli yokufundisa isazilawula ezikolweni nakunyango lweklinikhi [2]. Indlela yokufundisa yesiqhelo nguMfundisi-ntsapho: Utitshala ume kwipodium kwaye udlulisela ulwazi kubafundi ngeendlela zokufundisa ngokwesiko ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo kunye nekharityhulamu yemultimedia. Ikhosi yonke ifundiswa ngutitshala. Abafundi abaninzi baphulaphule iintetho, amathuba engxoxo yasimahla kunye nemibuzo alinganiselwe. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo inokuguqula ngokulula ibe kukungazinzi kwi-Inootitshala ibe yinxalenye yootitshala ngelixa abafundi besamkela ngenyameko imeko. Ngenxa yoko, kwinkqubo yokufundisa, ootitshala bafumanisa ukuba abafundi abazifundiswa ukuba bafundeka, ukuba inzondelelo ayiphakami, kwaye impembelelo imbi. Ukongeza, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacileyo ulwakhiwo olunzima lomqolo usebenzisa imifanekiso ye-2D efana ne-PPT, iincwadi zesikhokelo kunye nemifanekiso, kwaye akukho lula ukuba abafundi baqonde kwaye bafumane olu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, yokufunda entsha (PBL), yavavanywa kwiSikolo saseDyunivesithi yaseMcmasters yaseCanada. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zokufundisa zesiko, inkqubo yokufunda ye-PBL iphatha abafundi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokufunda kwaye isebenzise imibuzo ehambelana nokuzibandakanya ngokwamaqela, kwaye ifumane iimpendulo ngaphandle kokufumana iimpendulo. , 5]. Kwinkqubo yokuhlalutya kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, kuphuhlise amandla abafundi bokufunda okuzimeleyo kunye nokucinga okungqinela [6]. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kweetekhnoloji zezonyango zedijithali, iindlela zokufundisa zekliniki ziye zahluthwa kakhulu. Itekhnoloji ye-3D (i-3DV) ithatha idatha eluhlaza evela kwimifanekiso yonyango, ingenisa isoftware yesoftware ye-3D yokwakhiwa kwe-3D, kwaye emva koko yenza iinkqubo zemodeli ye-3D. Le ndlela iyoyisa imida yemodeli yokufundisa yesiqhelo, ihambisa ingqalelo yabafundi ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye inceda abafundi ukuba bakhawuleze amagqabi akhawuleze amagqabi [7, 8], ngakumbi kwimfundo yamathambo. Ke ngoko, eli nqaku lihlanganisa ezi ndlela zimbini ukufundisisa i-PBL ngetekhnoloji ye-3DV kunye nemodi yokufunda yesiqhelo kwisicelo esisebenzayo. Iziphumo zezi zilandelayo.
Into yokufunda yayingabantu abayi-106 abangena kwisenzo se-Spinal Stopgical Isibhedlele besibhedlele ngo-2021, ohlulwe baba ngamaqela ovavanyo kunye nokulawula ukusebenzisa itafile yenombolo engama-52, abafundi abangama-53 kwiqela ngalinye. Iqela lovavanyo lalinamadoda angama-25 kunye nama-28 abantu abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kwengama-23 ubudala, bathetha ubudala abangama-22.6 ± Iminyaka eyi-0.6. Iqela loLawulo libandakanya amadoda angama-26 kunye nama-27 abantu abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kwengama-22 ubudala, bephakathi kweminyaka engama-22.6 ± 0.9 iminyaka engama-0.9, bonke abafundi bangabafundi. Kwakungekho mahluko obalulekileyo kubudala kunye nesini phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P> 0.05).
Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa zezi zilandelayo: (2) Abafundi banokuchaza ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo zabo zokwenyani; . Iikhrayitheriya ezibekiweyo zezi zilandelayo: (1) Abafundi abangahlangabezana nazo naziphi na iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa; (2) Abafundi abanganqweneli ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kolu qeqesho ngenxa yezizathu zabo; (3) Abafundi abanemigangatho yokufundisa ye-pbl.
Ngenisa idatha ye-CT ye-CT kwisoftware yokulinganisa kunye nokungenisa imodeli eyakhiweyo kwisoftware yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokubonisa. Imodeli iqulathe izicubu zethambo, i-interverebral diss kunye ne-spinal yerves (Fig. 1). Amacandelo ahlukeneyo amelwa yimibala eyahlukeneyo, kwaye imodeli inokukhuliswa kwaye ijikelezwe njengoko kufuneka. Eyona nto iphambili kwesi sicwangciso kukuba izixa ze-CT zinokubekwa kwimodeli kunye nokungafihlisi kweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo kunokuhlengahlengiswa ngokuphembelela kwangaphambili.
umbono ongasemva kunye ne-B. Kwi-L1, L3 kunye ne-pelvis yemodeli zibonakala. D Emva kokudibanisa umfanekiso wecandelo le-CT enqamlezileyo kunye nemodeli, unokuyisusa phezulu uye ezantsi ukuseta iindiza ezahlukeneyo ze-CT. Imodeli edityanisiweyo yeMifanekiso ye-SAGTAL CT kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo efihliweyo yokuqhubekeka i-L1 kunye ne-L3
Owona mxholo uphambili woqeqesho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1) Ukuchongwa kwesifo kunye nonyango lwezifo eziqhelekileyo kuvavanyo lwe-spinal; 2) ulwazi lwe-anatomy yomqolo, ukucinga kunye nokuqonda kwesfihla kunye nophuhliso lwezifo; I-3) IiVidiyo zokuSebenza ukufundisa ulwazi olusisiseko. Amanqanaba o utyando oluqhelekileyo lweSpine, i-4) Ukuboniswa kwezifo eziqhelekileyo kulwazi lwe-Spine, 5) Ulwazi lwe-Sprinis's Playmon '
Iqela lovavanyo: Indlela yokufundisa idityaniswe ne-PBL kunye ne-3D ye-3D. Le ndlela ibandakanya le miba ilandelayo. 1) Ukulungiswa kwamatyala aqhelekileyo kwi-Spine utyapery: Xoxa amatyala e-spondvlosical spondylosis, i-lembur disnation, kunye ne-pyramidal discount, kunye netyala ngalinye lujolise kumanqaku ahlukeneyo olwazi. Amatyala, iimodeli ze-3D kunye neevidiyo zoNyango zithunyelwa kubafundi ngeveki ngaphambi kweklasi kwaye bayakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise imodeli ye-3D ukuya kulwazi lwe-Aatomical ukuya kulwazi lwe-Aatomical. 2) Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili: Imizuzu eli-10 phambi kweklasi, yazisa abafundi kwinkqubo ethile yokufunda ye-PBL, khuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo, basebenzise ngokupheleleyo ixesha, kwaye bagqibe ngezabelo ngobulumko. Amaqela eyenziwa emva kokufumana imvume yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Thatha abafundi abayi-8 ukuya kwabali-10 kwiqela, beqhekeza ngokwamaqela ngokukhululekileyo ulwazi lokukhangela, cinga ngokuzingca, bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zeqela, phendula, ekugqibeleni babhale phantsi ingxoxo. Khetha umfundi onezakhono eqinileyo kunye nezakhono zenkokeli yeqela ukulungiselela iingxoxo kunye neenkcazo-ntetho. 3) Isikhokelo sikaTitshala: Abafundisi-ntsapho basebenzisa isoftware yokulinganisa ukuchaza i-anatomy yomqolo ngokudityaniswa kwesoftware yokwenza imisebenzi efana nokujikeleza i-CT kunye nokulungelelanisa ukungafihli i-CT; Ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kunye nokukhumbula ubume besi sifo, kwaye ubancede bacinge ngokuzimeleyo malunga nonxibelelwano oluphambili kwi-OSPET, yophuhliso kunye nesifundo sesi sifo. 4) Ukutshintshwa kwezimvo kunye nengxoxo. Ukuphendula imibuzo edweliswe ngaphambi kweklasi, Nika iintetho zengxoxo yengxoxo kwaye umeme inkokeli nganye ukuba inike ingxelo ngeziphumo zengxoxo yeqela emva kwexesha elineleyo emva kwengxoxo. Ngeli xesha, eli qela linokubuza imibuzo kwaye lincedise omnye komnye, ngelixa utitshala kufuneka enze uluhlu ngononophelo kwaye aqonde iindlela zokucinga zabafundi kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo. 5) Isishwankathelo: Emva kokuxoxa ngabafundi, utitshala uya kuphawula imisebenzi yabafundi, shwankathela kwaye uphendule imibuzo emiselweyo kunye nempikiswano, kwaye uchaze indlela yokufunda yexesha elizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqela lolawulo lisebenzisa imowudi yokufunda yesiko, elifundisa abafundi ukuba babone izinto eziphambi kweklasi. Ukuqhuba izifundo zethiyori, ootitshala basebenzisa ikharityhulamu ye-Whiteboarts, izixhobo zevidiyo, iimodeli zemodeli kunye nezinye izinto zokufundisa kunye nezinye izinto zokufundisa, kwaye zikwaqokelela ikhondo lokufundisa ngokungqinelana nezinto zokufundisa. Njengesongezelelo kwikharityhulamu, le nkqubo igxile kubunzima obufanelekileyo kunye namanqaku aphambili encwadi. Emva kwentetho, utitshala washwankathela izinto ezibonakalayo kwaye wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bakhumbule kwaye baqonde ulwazi olufanelekileyo.
Ngokungqinelana nomxholo woqeqesho, kwamkelwa iimviwo zencwadi evaliweyo. Imibuzo yenjongo ikhethiwe kwimibuzo efanelekileyo ebuzwa ngabagqirha kule minyaka idlulileyo. Imibuzo ephantsi ilungiselelwe liSebe le-Ortopedics kwaye ekugqibeleni ivavanywe ngamalungu e-faculty engathathi vavanyo. Thatha inxaxheba ekufundeni. Amanqaku apheleleyo ovavanyo ngamanqaku ayi-100, kwaye umxholo wayo ubandakanya oku kulandelayo: 1) Imibuzo ekhethiweyo (uninzi lwemibuzo emininzi), eyi-50% yamanqaku apheleleyo ; 2) IMIBUZO YOKUGQIBELA
Ekupheleni kwekhosi, iphepha lemibuzo elinamacandelo amabini kunye nemibuzo elithoba. Owona mxholo uphambili wale mibuzo uhambelana nezinto eziboniswe kwitafile, kwaye abafundi kufuneka baphendule imibuzo kwezi zinto ngophawu olupheleleyo lwamanqaku ayi-10 kunye nophawu oluncinci lwenqaku eli-1. Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ulwaneliseko lomfundi ophezulu. Imibuzo kwiTheyibhile 2 imalunga nezangokudityaniswa kweendlela ze-PBL kunye ne-3DV yokufunda inokunceda abafundi baqonde ulwazi lobuchule obunzima. Itheyibhile 3 yezinto zibonisa ukoneliseka kwabafundi kunye zombini iindlela zokufunda.
Yonke idatha yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa i-SPSS isoftware ye-25; Iziphumo zovavanyo ziye zavakaliswa njengoko kuthetha ± ukuphambuka komgangatho (X ± s). Idatha yobungakanani yahlalutywa yindlela enye ye-ATOVA, idatha efanelekileyo yahlalutywa ngovavanyo lwe-χ2, kunye nolungiso lukaBonfernis, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa okuninzi. Umahluko obalulekileyo (p <0.05).
Iziphumo zohlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani zala maqela mabini zibonise ukuba amanqaku emibuzo yenjongo (imibuzo emininzi ekhethiweyo) yabafundi beqela leqela lovavanyo laliphezulu kakhulu kunezo zabafundi (P <0.05), kunye namanqaku Abafundi beqela lolawulo babephezulu kakhulu, kunabafundi beqela lovavanyo (P <0.05). Amanqaku emibuzo ephantsi (imibuzo yohlalutyo lwenkundla) yabafundi beqela lovavanyo babengaphezulu kakhulu kunezo zabafundi zeqela leqela leqela (P <0.01), bona itafile. 1.
Amaphepha emibuzo angaziwayo asasazwa emva kwazo zonke iiklasi. Iyonke, amaphepha-mbuzo angama-106 asasazwa, i-106 yabo yabo yabuyiselwa, ngelixa inqanaba lokubuyisela liyi-100.0%. Zonke iifom zigqityiwe. Thelekisa iziphumo zophando lwephepha lemibuzo malunga nenqanaba lolwazi lobuchule phakathi kwale qela linye labafundi liveze amanqanaba otyando olubalulekileyo, ucwangcisa udidi lwezifo, njl. . Umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P <0.05) njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Thelekisa iimpendulo kwiikhweshine ezinxulumene nokufundisa ukwaneliseka phakathi kwamaqela amabini: Abafundi kwiqela lovavanyo afumene amanqaku aphezulu kunabafundi ekufundeni, kwimozulu yaseklasini, kunye nolwaneliseko. Umahluko yayibalulekile ngokweenkcukacha-manani (P <0.05). Iinkcukacha ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Ngokuqokelelwa okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, ngakumbi njengoko singena kule nkulungwane yama-21, umsebenzi weklinikhi kwizibhedlele uya usiya ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bezonyango banokuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi wekrelekrele kwaye baphuhlise italente esemgangathweni ekuzuzeni uluntu, i-Inocture yoNyango kunye neNdlela yokuFumaneka kweSifundo ivumela iingxaki ekusombululeni iingxaki ezifanelekileyo. Imodeli yendabuko yemfundo yezonyango kwilizwe lam ineengenelo zexabiso elikhulu kwigumbi lokufundela, iimfuno zendalo esingqongileyo, kunye nenkqubo yolwazi olunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufundisa [9]. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwemfundo lunokukhokelela ngokulula kumsango phakathi kwethiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ukuncipha kokuqala kunye nokuziqhelanisa nezifo ezintsonkothileyo ekufumaneni izifo zeklinikhi kwaye, ke, akunakuhlangabezana neemfuno zonyango oluphezulu imfundo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inqanaba lonyango lwe-spine kwilizwe lam lonyuke ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imfundiso yotyando ohliweyo ijamelene nemiceli mngeni emitsha. Ngexesha lokuqeqeshwa kwabafundi bezonyango, eyona nto inzima kakhulu yotyando yi-orthopedics, ngakumbi utyando lwe-spine. Amanqaku olwazi angabalulekanga kwaye ayonakalisi kuphela iziphene kunye nosulelo, kodwa nenzakala kunye namathumba. Ezi nkozo azikho kuphela kwaye zintsonkothileyo, kodwa zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-Anatomy, i-pathology, icinga, i-biomechanics, eyenza ukuba klukhumbule. Kwangelo xesha, iindawo ezininzi zotyando-utyando zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ulwazi olukule ncwadi lukhoyo luphelelwe lixesha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana ootitshala. Ke ngoko, ukutshintsha indlela yokufundisa yesiqhelo kwaye kubandakanya ukuqulunqwa kutsha kuphuhliso lwamanye amazwe kunokwenza ukuba kufundiswe ulwazi lwe-theoretical loluntu elifanelekileyo, ukuphucula amandla abafundi okucinga ngokugqwesileyo, kwaye ukhuthaze abafundi ukuba bacinge ngokunzulu. Ezi ntsilelo zenkqubo yokufunda yangoku kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokungxamisekileyo ukuze ziphonononge imida kunye nokusikelwa umda kolwazi lwanamhlanje kwaye woyise izithintelo zemveli [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL yindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi. Ngengxoxo yokufunda, ezimeleyo yokufunda kunye nokusebenzisana, abafundi banokuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo inzondelelo kwaye bafudukele ekwenzeni ulwazi lokufunda ngokubonakalayo kwimfundiso katitshala. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokufunda esekwe kwintetho, abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kwimodi yokufunda ye-PBL banexesha elaneleyo lokusebenzisa iincwadi zezifundo, i-Intanethi, kunye nesoftware yokufuna iimpendulo kwimibuzo, cinga ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye uxoxe ngezihloko ezinxulumene neqela. Le ndlela iphuhlisa amandla abafundi okucinga ngokuzimeleyo, ukuhlalutya iingxaki kunye nokusombulula iingxaki [11]. Kwinkqubo yengxoxo yasimahla, abafundi abahlukeneyo banokuba neembono ezahlukeneyo malunga nele mbambano, enika abafundi iqonga lokwandisa ukucinga kwabo. Phuhlisa ukucinga okuyindlela kunye nokuqiqa okuqinisekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukucinga okuqhubekayo, kunye nokuphuhlisa amandla omlomo kunye nomoya weqela ngonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwabalingane nabo (12]. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa ivumela abafundi ukuba baqonde indlela yokuhlalutya, basebenzise iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufundisa kwaye baphucule ubuchule babo obubanzi [13]. Ngexesha lenkqubo yethu yokufunda, safumanisa ukuba abafundi banomdla ngakumbi ekufundeni isoftware ye-3D ekucingeleni ukuba banesifundo sezonyango, ngoko kuqeqesho lwethu, abafundi kwiqela le-Expresist bathanda ukuba bakhuthaze inxaxheba ekufundeni inkqubo. Ngcono kuneqela lolawulo. Ootitshala mabakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bathethe ngenkalipho, baphuhlise ulwazi lwezifundo zabafundi, kwaye bavuse umdla wabo wokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba, ngokokwazi kwememori yoomatshini, ukwenziwa kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo liphantsi kunelo qela lolawulo, kuhlalutyo lwetyala lekliniki, efuna ukusetyenziswa kobunzima bolwazi olufanelekileyo, i Ukusebenza kwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo kungcono kakhulu kunakwiqela lolawulo, egxininisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweqela le-3DV neqela lolawulo. Izibonelelo zokudibanisa amayeza emveli. Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ijolise ekuphuhliseni ubuchule bomhlaba wonke wabafundi.
Imfundiso ye-Anatomy isembindini wemfundiso yekliniki yotyando owenziwayo. Ngenxa yobunzima bomqolo kunye nenyani yokuba ukusebenza kubandakanya izicubu ezibalulekileyo ezinjenge-spinal cord, i-spinal yerves, kunye nemithambo yegazi, abafundi kufuneka babe nengcinga yokufunda. Ngaphambili, abafundi basebenzise imifanekiso emibini efana neMifanekiso yeZifundo kunye nemifanekiso yevidiyo ukucacisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo, kodwa ngaphandle kwento yezinto, abafundi bebengenalo ingqiqo yokuqonda. Ngenxa yezinto ezinobunzima bemidywala kunye nequbuliso yomqolo, ezinjengobudlelwane phakathi kwe-spinal yervements, amalungu athile abalulekileyo kwaye anzima, anjengowahlulo lwezinto ezenziwayo. Uninzi lwabafundi luye lwanika ingxelo yokuba umxholo wotyando we-spine utyala, kwaye abanakuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokufunda, kwaye bafunda ulwazi lilibalekile emva kweklasi, ekhokelela kubunzima bomsebenzi wokwenyani.
Sebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuBekwa kwe-3D, umbhali uzisa abafundi ngemifanekiso ecacileyo ye-3D, amalungu ahlukeneyo amele imibala eyahlukeneyo. Enkosi kwimisebenzi enjengokujikeleza, ukutywina nokungafihlisi, imodeli ye-spine kunye nemifanekiso ye-CT inokujongwa kuzo. Ayiphelelanga kuphela izinto ze-anatomical zomzimba we-vertebrals ziqwalaselwe ngokucacileyo, kodwa ikwakhuthaza umnqweno wabafundi ukuba bafumane umfanekiso we-CT odinisayo. kunye nokomeleza ngakumbi ulwazi kwicandelo lokubona. Ngokungafaniyo neemodeli kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa ezisetyenziswe kwixesha elidlulileyo, umsebenzi wokulungiswa obonakalayo unokusombulula ingxaki ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-Aatomical kunye ne-nerve yethambo elinzima, ngakumbi kubaqalayo. Abafundi banokusebenza ngokukhululekileyo logama bezisa iicomputer zabo, kwaye akukho ntlawulo ihambelana nayo nayiphi na imirhumo enxulumene noko. Le ndlela kukutshintshwa okufanelekileyo kuqeqesho lwendabuko kusetyenziswa imifanekiso ye-2D [14]. Kolu phononongo, iqela elilawulayo lenze ngcono kwimibuzo yentetho, ebonisa ukuba imodeli yokufundisa intetho ayinakuphikiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye inexabiso elithile kwimfundiso yekliniki yotyando lwekliniki. Oku kufunyanwa kwakufumanisa ukuba siqwalasele ukuba sidibane nemodi yokufunda yemveli kwi-PBl ITekhnoloji yokuBekwa kweTekhnoloji ye-3D, ekujoliswe kuzo iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemviwo kunye nokwandisa isiphumo semfundo. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba kwaye ezi ndlela zimbini zinokudityaniswa kwaye nokuba ngaba abafundi baya kuyamkela indibaniselwano enjalo, enokuba sisikhokelo sophando lwexesha elizayo. Olu phononongo luphakamene ukungalunganga oluthile njengokungqinisisa i-Bias xa abafundi begqiba iphepha lemibuzo emva kokuqonda baya kuthatha inxaxheba kwimodeli entsha yemfundo. Olu vavanyo lokufundisa luphunyezwa kuphela kwimeko yoqhaqho lwe-Spine kunye novavanyo olungaphezulu luyafuneka ukuba lungasetyenziswa kwimfundiso yazo zonke iindlela zoqeqesho.
Sidibanisa itekhnoloji ye-3D ngemowudi yoqeqesho ye-PBL, yoyisa imiqobo yemodi yoqeqesho yesiqhelo kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa, kwaye ifunde isicelo esisebenzayo sokuqeqeshwa kovavanyo lweklinikhi. Ukugweba ngeziphumo zovavanyo, iziphumo zovavanyo ezikhoyo zabafundi beqela lovavanyo zingcono kunezo zabafundi zeQela loLawulo (P <0.05), kunye nolwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye nolwaneliseko lwezifundo zeqela lovavanyo zingcono kunaleyo yabafundi beqela lovavanyo. Iqela loLawulo (P <0.05). Iziphumo zophando lwephepha lemibuzo zazingcono kunezo zeqela lolawulo (P <0.05). Ke, iimvavanyo zethu ziqinisekisa ukuba ukudityaniswa kweetekhnoloji ze-PBL kunye ne-3DV kuluncedo ekunikezeleni abafundi ukuze basebenzise indlela ekukhwela, bafumane ulwazi lobuchule, kwaye bandise umdla wokufunda.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-PBL kunye neetekhnoloji ze-3DV kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwabafundi bonyango lwabafundi kwicandelo lotyando, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabafundi, kunye nokunceda ukuphucula ukucinga kwabafundi. Itekhnoloji ye-3D ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekufundiseni i-anatomy, kwaye iziphumo zokufundisa ziyonke zingcono kunendlela yokufundisa yesiqhelo.
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Bonke ababhali banegalelo kummangaliso kunye noyilo lwesifundo. Ukulungiselela izinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nohlalutyo lwenziwa lilanga, ch cuchao kunye ne-feng yuan. Uyilo lokuqala lwe-Manuscript lwabhalwa nguChunjiu Gao, kwaye bonke ababhali bagqabaza kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili zombhalo obhalwe ngesandla. Ababhali bafunda kwaye bavuma umbhalo-mbhalo wokugqibela.
Olu phononongo lwamkelwa yiYunivesithi ye-Xuzhou Dyunivesithi yeKomiti yokuziphatha yesibhedlele (i-Xyfy2017-JS029-01). Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banika imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kophononongo, zonke izifundo zazinempilo yabantu abadala, kwaye isifundo asizange siphule isibhengezo saseHelsinki. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zenziwa ngokungqinelana nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo nemigaqo.
Indalo yeprinta ihlala ingathathi hlangothi kumabango olawulo kwiimephu ezipapashiweyo kunye nokudibana kweziko.
Fikelela ukufikelela. Eli nqaku lisasazwa phantsi kweNgcaciso ye-Commons Strariblity 4.0 Ilayisensi yokwakhiwa, ekwabelaneni, ukuhanjiswa, ukuhanjiswa, ukubonelela ukuba i-Commons Ikhonkco leMpahla kwaye iqinisekisiwe ukuba Ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe. Imifanekiso okanye enye into eyesithathu yeyesithathu kweli nqaku ibandakanyiwe phantsi kwelayisensi ye-Communives yeli nqaku, ngaphandle kokuba iphawulwe ngenye indlela uphawu lwezinto. Ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo azifakwanga kwilayisensi ye-Commons yeSidlelo kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo akuvunyelwanga ngokomthetho okanye ummiselo okanye ungayifumani imvume evunyelweyo, kuya kufuneka ufumane imvume ngqo kumnini welungelo lokushicilela. Ukujonga ikopi yelayisensi, ndwendwela i-http://crerivecons.org/lines/by/4.0/. I-Commons yokuyila (http://crerivecon.org/plicramain/zero/1.0/) IsiHlomelo sokuNgenazisi sisebenza kweli nqaku, ngaphandle kokuba kuqatshelwe ngenye indlela ekubhalweni kwedatha.
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: UPE-04-2023