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Ukufunda ixabiso elisebenzayo lokufunda okusekwe kwimeko (CBL) kunye nokufunda okudluliselweyo, ukufunda okujoliswe kuko, uvavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo, ukufunda okubandakanyekileyo, imodeli yasemva kovavanyo kunye nokushwankathela (BOPPPS) ekufundiseni abafundi besidanga se-masters kutyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 2022, abafundi abangama-38 besidanga se-masters sonyaka wesibini nowesithathu kutyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial baqeshwa njengezifundo zophando kwaye bahlulwa ngokungacwangciswanga baba liqela loqeqesho lendabuko le-LBL (Learn-based Learning) (abantu abali-19) kunye neqela loqeqesho lwe-CBL elidityaniswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS (abantu abali-19). Emva koqeqesho, ulwazi lwethiyori lwabafundi lwavavanywa, kwaye isikali sovavanyo lweMini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) esilungisiweyo sasetyenziswa ukuvavanya indlela abafundi abacinga ngayo ngeklinikhi. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa kwabafundi kunye nengqiqo yokufundisa kakuhle kotitshala (TSTE) kwavavanywa, kwaye ulwaneliseko lwabafundi ngeziphumo zokufunda lwaphandwa. Ulwazi olusisiseko lwethiyori, uhlalutyo lwetyala leklinikhi kunye namanqaku apheleleyo eqela lovavanyo ayengcono kunalawo eqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Amanqaku okucinga ngokubaluleka kweklinikhi eMini-CEX atshintshiweyo abonise ukuba ngaphandle kwenqanaba lokubhala imbali yetyala, bekungekho mahluko wezibalo (P > 0.05), ezinye izinto ezi-4 kunye namanqaku apheleleyo eqela lovavanyo ayengcono kunalawo eqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa komntu, i-TSTE kunye namanqaku apheleleyo ayephezulu kunalawo angaphambi kwe-CBL edibene nemodi yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Abafundi besidanga se-master abathathwe kwisampulu kwiqela lovavanyo babekholelwa ukuba indlela entsha yokufundisa inokuphucula amandla abafundi okucinga ngokubaluleka kweklinikhi, kwaye umahluko kuzo zonke iinkalo wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Izifundo ezininzi kwiqela lovavanyo zazicinga ukuba indlela entsha yokufundisa yonyusa uxinzelelo lokufunda, kodwa umahluko wawungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo (P > 0.05). I-CBL kunye nendlela yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS inokuphucula amandla abafundi okucinga ngokunzulu kwaye ibancede baqhelane nesigqi seklinikhi. Linyathelo elisebenzayo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokufundisa kwaye lifanelekile ukukhuthazwa. Kufanelekile ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-CBL kunye nemodeli ye-BOPPPS kwinkqubo ye-master yotyando lomlomo kunye ne-maxillofacial, engenakuphucula kuphela ulwazi olusisiseko lwethiyori kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngokunzulu kwabafundi be-master, kodwa ikwaphucula nokusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa.
Utyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial njengesebe lezonyango zamazinyo luphawulwa bubunzima bokuxilongwa nonyango, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo, kunye nobunzima beendlela zokuxilonga nonyango. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bokwamkelwa kwabafundi abaphumeleleyo buqhubekile nokwanda, kodwa imithombo yokwamkelwa kwabafundi kunye nemeko yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi iyaxhalabisa. Okwangoku, imfundo yasemva kokugqiba izifundo isekelwe kakhulu ekuzifundeleni ngokwakho okongezwa ziintetho. Ukungabikho kwamandla okucinga eklinikhi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abafundi abaninzi abaphumeleleyo abakwazi ukuba nobuchule kutyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial emva kokugqiba izifundo okanye ukwenza iseti yeengcinga zokuxilonga ezinengqondo "zendawo kunye nomgangatho". Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazisa iindlela zokufundisa ezintsha ezisebenzayo, ukukhuthaza umdla wabafundi kunye nomdla wokufunda utyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koqheliselo lweklinikhi. Imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL inokudibanisa imiba ephambili kwiimeko zeklinikhi, incede abafundi bakhe ingcinga ephilileyo yeklinikhi xa bexoxa ngemiba yeklinikhi1,2, iququzelele ngokupheleleyo inyathelo labafundi, kwaye isombulule ngempumelelo ingxaki yokungabikho ngokwaneleyo koqheliselo lweklinikhi kwimfundo yendabuko3,4. I-BOPPPS yimodeli yokufundisa esebenzayo ecetyiswe yiNorth American Workshop on Teaching Skills (ISW), efumene iziphumo ezilungileyo ekufundiseni ngeklinikhi yobuhlengikazi, abantwana kunye nezinye izifundo5,6. I-CBL idibene nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS isekelwe kwiimeko zeklinikhi kwaye ithatha abafundi njengesixhobo esiphambili, iphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo ingcinga enzulu yabafundi, iqinisa indibaniselwano yokufundisa kunye nokusebenza kweklinikhi, iphucula umgangatho wokufundisa kunye nokuphucula uqeqesho lweetalente kwicandelo lotyando lomlomo kunye nolwe-maxillofacial.
Ukuze kufundwe ukuba olu phononongo lunokwenzeka kwaye lusebenziseka njani, abafundi abangama-38 besidanga se-masters sonyaka wesibini nowesithathu (abayi-19 ngonyaka ngamnye) abavela kwiSebe loNyango loMlomo noMaxillofacial kwiSibhedlele sokuQala esiManyeneyo kwiYunivesithi yaseZhengzhou baqeshwa njengezifundo zokufunda ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 2022. Bahlulwe ngokungacwangciswanga baba liqela lovavanyo kunye neqela lolawulo (Umfanekiso 1). Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume enolwazi. Akukho mahluko mkhulu kwiminyaka, isini kunye nolunye ulwazi ngokubanzi phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P>0.05). Iqela lovavanyo lisebenzise indlela yokufundisa ye-CBL edityaniswe ne-BOPPPS, kwaye iqela lolawulo lisebenzise indlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL. Ikhosi yeklinikhi kumaqela omabini yayiziinyanga ezili-12. Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa zaziquka: (i) abafundi bonyaka wesibini nowesithathu abaphumeleleyo kwiSebe loNyango loMlomo noMaxillofacial kwisibhedlele sethu ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 2022 kunye (ii) abazimisele ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu phando kwaye basayine imvume enolwazi. Iikhrayitheriya zokukhutshwa ziquka (i) abafundi abangazange bagqibe uphando lwezonyango lweenyanga ezili-12 kunye (ii) nabafundi abangazange bazalise amaphepha emibuzo okanye uvavanyo.
Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuthelekisa imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL edityaniswe ne-BOPPPS nendlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo kwimfundo yasemva kwesidanga yotyando lwe-maxillofacial. Imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL edityaniswe ne-BOPPPS yindlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwiimeko, ejolise kwiingxaki kwaye igxile kubafundi. Inceda abafundi bacinge kwaye bafunde ngokuzimeleyo ngokubazisa kwiimeko zokwenyani, kwaye iphuhlisa izakhono zabafundi zokucinga ngokunzulu kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL yindlela yokufundisa esekelwe kwintetho, egxile kutitshala egxile ekudluliseleni ulwazi kunye nokukhumbula kwaye ayiwunaki umzamo wabafundi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba. Ngokuthelekisa umahluko phakathi kweemodeli ezimbini zokufundisa kuvavanyo lolwazi lwethiyori, uvavanyo lobuchule bokucinga ngokunzulu kweklinikhi, uvavanyo lokusebenza kokufundisa komntu kunye nokusebenza kotitshala, kunye nophando lwemibuzo malunga nokwaneliseka kwabafundi ngokufundisa, singavavanya izibonelelo kunye nokungalungi kwemodeli ye-CBL edityaniswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS kwimfundo yabafundi abaphumeleleyo kwicandelo lotyando lomlomo kunye ne-Maxillofacial kwaye sibeke isiseko sokuphucula iindlela zokufundisa.
Abafundi be-masters bonyaka wesibini nowesithathu ngo-2017 babelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiqela lovavanyo, elaliquka abafundi abasi-8 bonyaka wesibini kunye nabafundi abali-11 bonyaka wesithathu ngo-2017, kunye neqela lolawulo, elaliquka abafundi abali-11 bonyaka wesibini kunye nabafundi abasi-8 bonyaka wesithathu ngo-2017.
Amanqaku ethiyori eqela lovavanyo yayingama-82.47±2.57 amanqaku, kwaye amanqaku ovavanyo lwezakhono ezisisiseko yayingama-77.95±4.19 amanqaku. Amanqaku ethiyori eqela lolawulo yayingama-82.89±2.02 amanqaku, kwaye amanqaku ovavanyo lwezakhono ezisisiseko yayingama-78.26±4.21 amanqaku. Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo kumanqaku ethiyori kunye namanqaku ovavanyo lwezakhono ezisisiseko phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P>0.05).
Omabini la maqela aqeqeshwa iinyanga ezili-12 zeklinikhi kwaye athelekiswa ngokwemilinganiselo yolwazi lwethiyori, amandla okuqiqa ngeklinikhi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa komntu, ukusebenza kakuhle kootitshala, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabafundi abaphumeleleyo ngokufundisa.
Unxibelelwano: Yenza iqela le-WeChat kwaye utitshala uza kuthumela umxholo wetyala kunye nemibuzo enxulumene nalo kwiqela le-WeChat kwiintsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhosi nganye ukunceda abafundi abaphumeleleyo baqonde oko kufuneka bakuqwalasele ngexesha lezifundo zabo.
Injongo: Ukudala imodeli entsha yokufundisa egxile kwinkcazo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunda kwaye iphuhlisa kancinci kancinci amandla okucinga ngokunzulu kwabafundi.
Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kweklasi: Ngoncedo lweemviwo ezimfutshane, singavavanya ngokupheleleyo inqanaba lolwazi lwabafundi size silungise iindlela zokufundisa ngexesha.
Ukufunda ngokuthatha inxaxheba: Le yeyona nto iphambili kulo mzekelo. Ukufunda kusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani, kukhuthaza ngokupheleleyo inyathelo labafundi elisekelwe kuluvo lwabo kwaye kuqhagamshelwe amanqaku olwazi afanelekileyo.
Isishwankathelo: Cela abafundi ukuba bazobe imaphu yengqondo okanye umthi wolwazi ukushwankathela oko bakufundileyo.
Utitshala walandela indlela yokufundisa yendabuko apho utitshala wayethetha kwaye abafundi bamamele, ngaphandle kokuthetha ngakumbi, baze bachaze imeko yesigulana ngokusekelwe kwimeko yaso.
Ibandakanya ulwazi olusisiseko lwethiyori (amanqaku angama-60) kunye nohlalutyo lweemeko zonyango (amanqaku angama-40), amanqaku ewonke ngamanqaku ali-100.
Izifundo zabelwa ukuba zizihlole ngokwazo izigulana kwicandelo lotyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial olungxamisekileyo kwaye zazijongwa ngoogqirha ababini ababelapho. Oogqirha ababelapho baqeqeshwe ekusebenziseni isikali, abazange bathathe inxaxheba kuqeqesho, kwaye babengazi ngezabelo zeqela. Isikali seMini-CEX esilungisiweyo sasetyenziswa ukuvavanya abafundi, kwaye amanqaku aphakathi athathwa njengebanga lokugqibela lomfundi7. Umfundi ngamnye ophumeleleyo uza kuvavanywa izihlandlo ezi-5, kwaye amanqaku aphakathi aza kubalwa. Isikali seMini-CEX esilungisiweyo sivavanya abafundi abaphumeleleyo kwiinkalo ezintlanu: ukwenza izigqibo zeklinikhi, izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nokulungelelanisa, ukuguquguquka, ukunikezelwa konyango, kunye nokubhala ityala. Amanqaku aphezulu kwinto nganye ngamanqaku angama-20.
Isikali sokuSebenza ngokuFundisiweyo kokufundisa esenziwe ngu-Ashton kunye ne-TSES kaYu et al.8 zisetyenzisiwe ukujonga nokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-CBL kunye nemodeli esekwe kubungqina be-BOPPPS ekufundiseni ngotyando lomlomo kunye nolwe-maxillofacial. Isikali se-Likert esinamanqaku ama-6 sisetyenziswe ngamanqaku apheleleyo aqala kwi-27 ukuya kwi-162. Okukhona amanqaku ephezulu, kokukhona ingqiqo yotitshala yokufundisa isebenza kakuhle.
Amaqela amabini ezifundo ahlolisiswe ngokungaziwayo kusetyenziswa isikali sokuzivavanya ukuze kuqondwe ulwaneliseko lwawo ngendlela yokufundisa. I-alpha coefficient kaCronbach yesikali yayiyi-0.75.
Isoftware yezibalo ye-SPSS 22.0 isetyenzisiwe ukuhlalutya idatha efanelekileyo. Yonke idatha ehambelana nokusasazwa okuqhelekileyo ichazwe njenge-mean ± SD. Isampuli edibeneyo yovavanyo lwe-t isetyenzisiwe ukuthelekisa amaqela. I-P < 0.05 ibonise ukuba umahluko ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Amanqaku ethiyori ombhalo (kuquka ulwazi olusisiseko lwethiyori, uhlalutyo lwetyala leklinikhi kunye namanqaku ewonke) eqela lovavanyo ayengcono kunalawo eqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05), njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1.
Umlinganiselo ngamnye uhlolwe kusetyenziswa iMini-CEX eguquliweyo. Ngaphandle kwenqanaba lokubhala imbali yezonyango, engakhange ibonise mahluko wezibalo (P> 0.05), ezinye izinto ezine kunye namanqaku ewonke eqela lovavanyo ayengcono kunelo leqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P< 0.05), njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-CBL kunye nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunda kwabafundi, iziphumo ze-TSTE kunye namanqaku ewonke kuphucukile xa kuthelekiswa nexesha langaphambi kokuphunyezwa, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05), njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Xa kuthelekiswa nemodeli yokufundisa yendabuko, i-CBL edityaniswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS yenza iinjongo zokufunda zicace ngakumbi, iqaqambisa amanqaku aphambili kunye nobunzima, yenza umxholo wokufundisa ube lula ukuwuqonda, kwaye iphucula inyathelo labafundi lokufunda ngokwengqondo, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni indlela yokucinga yabafundi yeklinikhi. Umahluko kuzo zonke iinkalo wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Uninzi lwabafundi kwiqela lovavanyo babecinga ukuba imodeli entsha yokufundisa yonyusa umthwalo wabo wokufunda, kodwa umahluko wawungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo (P > 0.05), njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 4.
Izizathu zokuba abafundi abakwizidanga ze-master's degree ngoku kutyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial bengakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi weklinikhi emva kokugqiba izifundo zabo zihlalutywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Okokuqala, ikharityhulam yotyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial: ngexesha lezifundo zabo, abafundi abakwizidanga ze-master's degree kufuneka bagqibezele ukuhlala ngokwemigangatho, bakhusele ithisisi, kwaye benze uphando olusisiseko lwezonyango. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka basebenze ebusuku kwaye benze izinto ezincinci zeklinikhi, kwaye abakwazi ukugqiba yonke imisebenzi ngexesha elimiselweyo. Okwesibini, imeko yezonyango: njengoko ubudlelwane phakathi kogqirha nesigulana buba nzima, amathuba omsebenzi weklinikhi kubafundi abakwizidanga ze-master's degree aya ehla kancinci kancinci. Uninzi lwabafundi abanazo izakhono zokuxilonga kunye nonyango ezizimeleyo, kwaye umgangatho wabo uwonke uye wehla kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa iindlela zokufundisa ezisebenzayo ukukhuthaza umdla wabafundi kunye nomdla wokufunda kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezifundo zeklinikhi.
Indlela yokufundisa ngetyala le-CBL isekelwe kwiimeko zonyango9,10. Ootitshala baphakamisa iingxaki zeklinikhi, kwaye abafundi bazisombulula ngokufunda okanye ingxoxo ngokuzimeleyo. Abafundi basebenzisa inyathelo labo lokufunda nokuxoxa, kwaye kancinci kancinci bakhe ingcinga epheleleyo yeklinikhi, ethi ngandlela ithile isombulule ingxaki yokungadibanisi ngokwaneleyo koqheliselo lweklinikhi kunye nokufundisa kwendabuko. Imodeli ye-BOPPPS idibanisa amacandelo aliqela azimeleyo ekuqaleni ukwenza inethiwekhi yolwazi lwesayensi, olupheleleyo nolucacileyo ngokwengqiqo, inceda abafundi ukuba bafunde kwaye basebenzise ulwazi olufunyenweyo kuqheliselo lweklinikhi11,12. I-CBL idibene nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS iguqula ulwazi olungacacanga ngaphambili lotyando lwe-maxillofacial lube yimifanekiso kunye neemeko zeklinikhi13,14, idlulisa ulwazi ngendlela ecacileyo necacileyo, ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunda. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CBL15 kudityaniswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS16 ekufundiseni utyando lwe-maxillofacial kwakuluncedo ekuphuhliseni amandla okucinga ngokunzulu kwabafundi be-master's, ukuqinisa indibaniselwano yokufundisa kunye noqheliselo lweklinikhi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokufundisa. Iziphumo zeqela lovavanyo zaziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeqela lolawulo. Zimbini izizathu zoku: okokuqala, imodeli entsha yokufundisa eyamkelwe liqela lovavanyo iphucule inyathelo labafundi lokufunda ngokwengqondo; okwesibini, ukuhlanganiswa kwamanqaku olwazi amaninzi kuphucule ngakumbi ukuqonda kwabo ulwazi lobungcali.
I-Mini-CEX yaphuhliswa yi-American Academy of Internal Medicine ngo-1995 ngokusekelwe kwinguqulelo elula yesikali se-CEX sendabuko17. Ayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikolo zonyango zaphesheya kwezilwandle18 kuphela kodwa ikwasetyenziswa njengendlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kokufunda koogqirha nabahlengikazi kwizikolo ezinkulu zonyango nakwizikolo zonyango eTshayina19,20. Olu phononongo lusebenzise isikali se-Mini-CEX esilungisiweyo ukuvavanya amandla eklinikhi amaqela amabini abafundi besidanga se-master's. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ngaphandle kwenqanaba lokubhala imbali yetyala, ezinye izakhono ezine zeklinikhi zeqela lovavanyo zaziphezulu kunezo zeqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba indlela yokufundisa edibeneyo ye-CBL inika ingqalelo ngakumbi kunxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku olwazi, olunceda ngakumbi ekukhuliseni amandla okucinga ngokunzulu kweklinikhi koogqirha. Ingcamango esisiseko ye-CBL edityaniswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS igxile kubafundi, nto leyo efuna ukuba abafundi bafunde izixhobo, baxoxe ngenkuthalo kwaye bashwankathele, kwaye bandise ukuqonda kwabo ngengxoxo esekelwe kwimeko. Ngokudibanisa ithiyori nokuziqhelanisa, ulwazi lobungcali, amandla okucinga eklinikhi kunye namandla apheleleyo ayaphuculwa.
Abantu abanombono ophezulu wokusebenza kakuhle ekufundiseni baya kuba nefuthe ngakumbi emsebenzini wabo kwaye baya kukwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa kwabo. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba ootitshala abasebenzise i-CBL kunye nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ekufundiseni ngotyando lomlomo babenombono ophezulu wokusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa komntu kunabo bangazange basebenzise indlela entsha yokufundisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba i-CBL kunye nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ayinakuphucula kuphela amandla abafundi okwenza utyando, kodwa ikwaphucula nobuchule bootitshala bokufundisa. Iinjongo zokufundisa zootitshala ziyacaca kwaye umdla wabo wokufundisa uphezulu. Ootitshala nabafundi banxibelelana rhoqo kwaye banokwabelana kwaye baphonononge umxholo wokufundisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, okuvumela ootitshala ukuba bafumane ingxelo evela kubafundi, enceda ukuphucula izakhono zokufundisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa.
Imida: Ubungakanani besampulu yolu phononongo bebuncinci kwaye ixesha lokufunda belifutshane. Ubungakanani besampulu kufuneka bonyuswe kwaye ixesha lokulandelela kufuneka landiswe. Ukuba kwenziwe uphando olunamaziko amaninzi, sinokuqonda ngcono amandla okufunda abafundi abaphumelele izidanga. Olu phononongo lukwabonise iingenelo ezinokubakho zokudibanisa i-CBL kunye nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ekufundiseni utyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial. Kwizifundo ezincinci, iiprojekthi zamaziko amaninzi ezinesampulu ezinkulu ziziswa kancinci kancinci ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo zophando ezingcono, ngaloo ndlela zinegalelo kuphuhliso lokufundisa utyando lomlomo nolwe-maxillofacial.
I-CBL, kunye nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, igxile ekukhuliseni amandla okucinga abafundi ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuphucula amandla abo okuxilonga kunye nokwenza izigqibo zonyango, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zomlomo kunye nezobuso obuphezulu ngokucinga koogqirha kwaye balungelelanise ngokukhawuleza isigqi kunye notshintsho lwendlela yokusebenza yeklinikhi. Le yindlela esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokufundisa. Sisebenzisa iindlela ezilungileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye sizisekele kwimeko yokwenyani yobuchwephesha bethu. Oku akuyi kunceda abafundi kuphela ukuba bacacise ngcono izimvo zabo kwaye baqeqeshe amandla abo okucinga ngokwengqondo yeklinikhi, kodwa kukwanceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufundisa kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umgangatho wokufundisa. Ifanelekile ukukhuthazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi.
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Ixesha leposi: Matshi-17-2025