Ukususela ekubeni iCovid-19 iBiden, ilizwe sele liqalisile ukunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kumsebenzi wokufundisa wekliniki yezilwanyana zaseyunivesithi. Ukomeleza ukudityaniswa kwamayeza kunye nemfundo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kokufundisa kweklinikhi yimiceli mngeni emikhulu ejongene nemfundo yezonyango. Ubunzima bokufundisa i-orthopekis bulele kwizifo ezahlukeneyo, ubungcali obuphezulu kunye neempawu ezingaqondakaliyo, ezichaphazela inyathelo lokuqala, inzondelelo kunye nokusebenza ngokukuko kwabafundi bezonyango. Olu phononongo luye lwaqulunqa isicwangciso sokufundisa eseklasini esekwe kwi-CDIO (yokumiliselwa kwemvumelwano) kwaye kwayisebenzisa kwikhosi yoqeqesho yabafundi yoLungisi ukuphucula ifuthe lokufunda lokufunda kunye nokunceda ootitshala ukuba baphose ikamva lemfundo yoongikazi kunye ne Imfundo yezonyango. Ukufundisisa kwigumbi lokufundela kuya kusebenza kwaye kugxilwe ngakumbi.
Abafundi abasebenza ngamashumi amahlanu abagqibezele i-internship kwiSebe leSibhedlele lesibhedlele ngoJuni ka-2017 baqukwa kwiqela lolawulo, kwaye abafundi abangama-50 abahlengiweyo abagqitha kwiqela ngoJuni ngo-2018 babandakanywa kwiqela lokungenelela. Iqela lokungenelela wamkela ingcinga ye-CDIO yemodeli yokufundisa eqhumayo, ngelixa iqela lolawulo lamkela imodeli yokufundisa. Emva kokugqiba imisebenzi esemisebenzi yeSebe, amaqela amabini abafundi avavanywa kwithiyori, izakhono zomsebenzi ezizimeleyo kunye namandla okucinga. Amaqela amabini ootitshala agqibe izinto ezisibhozo ezivavanya ubuchule bokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi, kubandakanya neenkqubo ezine zokonga, ubuchule bobulukuthu, kunye novavanyo lomgangatho wokufundisa kwekliniki.
Emva koqeqesho, ubuchule bokukhwela, amandla okucinga aqaqambileyo, ubuchule bokufunda obuzimeleyo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokusebenza komgangatho wokufundisa kwiqela longenelelo ngeqela elithile (i-0.05).
Imodeli yokufundisa esekwe kwi-CDIO inokukhuthaza i-nudn 'yokufunda, ukukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwendalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ukuphucula amandla abo ngokuqonda kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zokufunda.
Imfundo yeklinikhi lelona nqanaba libalulekileyo lemfundo yoongikazi kwaye kubandakanya utshintsho ovela kulwazi lwe-theoretical ukuze uziqhelise. Ukufunda kweklinikhi esebenzayo inokunceda abafundi abahlengikazi kwizakhono zobuchule, bomeleze ulwazi lobuchule, kunye nokuphucula amandla abo okwenza ukonzakala. Ikwalinqanaba lokugqibela lokutshintsha kwenqanaba lomsebenzi wonyango [1]. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uninzi lokufundisa abaphandi luqhubele phambili ngeendlela zokufundisa ezinje ngemfundiso esekwe kwingxaki (PBL), ukufunda ngokusekwe kwiqela (i-CBL), kunye nokuFundwa kweMimandla ekufundisweni kweKlinikhi . . Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa zineengenelo kunye nezinto ezingenakuvumelekile ngokweziphumo zokufunda zonxibelelwano olusebenzayo, kodwa azifikeleli ukudityaniswa kwethiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa [2].
"Igumbi lokufundisisela elityhidiweyo" libhekisa kwimodeli yokufunda entsha apho abafundi basebenzisa khona iqonga lolwazi elithile ukuze bafundisise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo phambi kweklasi kwaye bagqibezele umsebenzi wesikolo "eklasini ngelixa ootitshala bekhokela abafundi. Phendula imibuzo kwaye unikezele ngoncedo lomntu [3]. I-American New Mediance Alliance yaqatshelwa ukuba iklasi yeklasi eqwengayo ilawula ixesha elingaphakathi nangaphandle kweklasi kwaye lidlulisele izigqibo zokufunda zabafundi ezivela kubafundi [4]. Ixesha elifanelekileyo elichithwe kwigumbi lokufundela kule modeli yokufunda ivumela abafundi ukuba bagxile kwizifundo ezisebenzayo, ezisekwe kwingxaki. I-Deshpande [5] iqhube isifundo kwiklasi etyhidiweyo kwimfundo ye-paramedic kunye nokufundisa kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba igumbi lokufundela linokuphucula inzondelelo yokufunda kwabafundi kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokufundela. Khe fung hew kunye ne-cung kwan i-lo [6] ihlolisise iziphumo zophando lwamanqaku okufundisa eziqhunyisiweyo kwaye zishwankathele ezo zithelekiswa neendlela zokufundisa zemveli, indlela yokufundisa eqhutywa Kwimfundo yezempilo yobungcali kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kuphucula ukufunda kwabafundi. UZhong Jie [7] uthelekisa iimpembelelo zokufuduka kwegumbi lokufundela kunye nokufundiswa komzimba weklasi yokufunyanwa kwabafundi, kwaye kwakufumanisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokufunda kwabafundi kwi-intanethi, ukuphucula umgangatho wokufundisa kwabafundi kunokuphucula ukwaneliseka kwabafundi kunye Ulwazi. Bamba Ngokusekwe kwezi ziphumo zophando zingasentla, kwicandelo lemfundo yoongikazi, uninzi lwabaphengululi lufundisisa ekufundiseni kwabafundi ukufundisa abafundi, ubuchule bokufunda, kunye nolwaneliseko lokufundela.
Ke ngoko, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphonononga nokuphuhlisa indlela entsha yokufundisa eya kuthi incede abafundi abahlengiweyo bafumane ulwazi kwaye baphucule ubuchule bobuchule bokusebenza kwaye baphucule ubuchule babo bokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. I-CDIO (uyilo loyilo-lusebenza) yimodeli yemfundo yobunjineli iphuhlisiwe ngo-2000 ziiyunivesithi ezine, kubandakanya i-Massachusetts iZiko leTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yeSweden. Yimodeli ephezulu yemfundo yobunjineli evumela abafundi abahleliyo ukuba bafunde kwaye bafumane ubuchule kwizinto ezisebenzayo, zezandla, kunye nezinto eziphilayo [8, 9]. Ngokwemfundiso ephambili, le modeli igxininisa kubunzulu "abafundi bagxininisa ukuba abafundi bathathe inxaxheba ekufundisweni, uyilo, ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi zolwazi olucekeceke kwizixhobo zokucombulula iingxaki. Izifundo ezininzi zibonakalisile ukuba imodeli yokufundisa i-CDIO inegalelo ekuphuculeni izakhono zokuziqhelanisa nekliniki kunye nomgangatho obanzi wootitshala, ukuphucula indlela yokufundisa ngempumelelo yokukhuthaza ulwazi kunye neendlela zokufundisa ezisebenzayo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngoqeqesho lweetalente ezisetyenzisiweyo [10].
Ngokuguqulwa kwemodeli yonyango lwehlabathi, iimfuno zabantu zezempilo ziyanda, ezikhokelela ekunyukeni koxanduva lwabasebenzi bezonyango. Ubuchule kunye nomgangatho wabongikazi unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wokhathalelo lweklinikhi kunye noKhuseleko loMonde. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso novavanyo lwezakhono zeklinikhi zabasebenzi abahlengikazi sele sisisihloko esivuthayo kwintsimi yomhlengi [11]. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu, ethembekileyo, ethembekileyo, nesemthethweni ibalulekile kuPhando lweMfundo. Ukuzihlola kovavanyo lweklinikhi Ngokuthe ngcembe kwavela kwintsimi yabahlengikazi [12, 13].
Izifundo ezininzi zenziwe kwisicelo semodeli ye-CDIO, iklasi yaseklasini efihlakeleyo, kunye ne-mini-cex kwimfundo yoongikazi. I-Wang bee [14] ixoxe ngefuthe lemodeli ye-CDIO ekuphuculeni uqeqesho oluthile ngomongikazi kwiimfuno zabahlengiweyo bakaCovid-19. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba isebenzisa imodeli yoqeqesho ye-CDIO ukubonelela ngoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lwe-widd-19 oluya kunceda abasebenzi bafumane izakhono zokuqeshwa kwabahlengikazi kunye nolwazi olunxulumene noko, kunye nokuphucula ubuchule bobuhlengi. Abaphengululi abanje ngo-Liu Mei [15] baxoxa ngesicelo sendlela yokufundisa yeqela bedityaniswa neklasi etyhidiweyo ekuqeqesheni abongikazi bamathambo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba le modeli yokufundisa inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo izakhono ezisisiseko zesiseko samathambo esifana nokuqonda. nokusetyenziswa kolwazi lwethiyori, ukusebenzisana, ukucinga okuqinisekileyo, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. Li ruyue et al. [16] wafunda umphumo wokusebenzisa i-nuhungsi ephucukileyo yoqeqesho loongint-qhinga abahlengiweyo kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ootitshala banokusebenzisa i-numes-cex ukuya kufundisa konke ukufundisa okanye umsebenzi weKlinikhi kwi yena. Abongikazi kwaye banike ingxelo yexesha lokwenyani. Ngenkqubo yokuzibonakalisa kunye nokuzibonakalisa, iingongoma ezisisiseko zoVavanyo lweNtsebenzo ziyafundwa, iKharityhulamu ihlengahlengiswa, umgangatho wokufundisa kwabahlengikazi wokhuselo lwabafundi uphuculwe, kwaye uqwexezwe Indibaniselwano yeklasi ngokusekwe kwicebo le-CDIO livavanywa, kodwa okwangoku akukho ngxelo yophando. Ukusetyenziswa kweModeli yoVavanyo lweMini-ye-Mini-Cex kwimfundo yoongikazi yabafundi be-orthopedic. Umbhali wasebenzisa imodeli ye-CDIO ukuphuculwa kweekhosi zoqeqesho zabahlengikazi abahlengikazi, wakhetha igumbi lokufundela le-CDIO, kwaye udityaniswe nemodeli yovavanyo ye-Mini-enye. Ulwazi kunye nobuchule, kwaye unegalelo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokufundisa. Uphuculo oluqhubekekayo lubonelela ngesiseko sokufunda ngokusekwe kwizibhedlele.
Ukwenza lula ukumiliselwa kwekhosi, indlela yokunceda engcaciso esetyenziswa njengezifundo zokufunda ukukhetha abafundi abahlengikazi ukusukela ngo-2017 nowama-2018 ababeziqhelanisa neSebe lezibhedlele lesibhedlele. Kuba kukho abaqeqeshi abangama-52 kwinqanaba ngalinye, ubungakanani besampulu buya kuba yi-104. Abafundi abane khange bathathe inxaxheba kwikhondo lezonyango. Iqela lolawulo libandakanya abafundi abangama-50 abahlengikazi abagqibezele i-Internnip kwiSebe leZibhedlele kwi-Google ngoJuni ngo-20 kuye kwangama-40 ukuya kwi-0.60) iminyaka eli-0.60. NgoJuni ka-2018. Iqela lokungenelela libandakanya abafundi abangama-50 bezonyango, kuquka amadoda ama-8 nama-42 abantu basetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kwengama-22 (21.45) iminyaka. Zonke izifundo zinike imvume enolwazi. Ikhrayitheriya ukubandakanywa: (1) Abafundi be-orthoperic bahlolisisi bonyango kunye nenqanaba le-bachelor. (2) Imvume enolwazi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kolu phando. Ikhrayitheriya zokukhuphela: Abantu abangakwaziyo ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwikhondo leklinikhi. Akukho mahluko manani obalulekileyo kwingcaciso jikelele yala maqela mabini oqeqeshi boondoqo bezonyango (P> 0.05) kwaye bayalaliswa.
Omabini la maqela agqibezela i-4-veki yeklinikhi, ngazo zonke iikhosi ezigqityiweyo kwiSebe leZichotho. Ngexesha lokujonga, bekukho amaqela ali-10 amaqela abafundi, abafundi aba-5 kwiqela ngalinye. Uqeqesho lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nenkqubo yemfundo yabafundi abahlengikazi, kubandakanya neenxalenye zethiyori nezobuchwephesha. Ootishala kuwo omabini la maqela baneziqinisekiso ezifanayo, kwaye utitshala phuti uxanduva lokujonga umgangatho wokufundisa.
Iqela lolawulo lisebenzise iindlela zokufundisa zesiko. Kwiveki yokuqala yesikolo, iiklasi ziqala ngoMvulo. Ootitshala bafundisa ithiyori ngoLwesibini nangoLwesithathu, kwaye bagxile kuqeqesho lokusebenza ngoLwesine nangoLwesihlanu. Ukususela kwi-yesibini ukuya kwiveki yesine, ilungu ngalinye lamashishini linoxanduva lokufumana intetho ngamaxesha kwiSebe. Kwiveki yesine, uvavanyo luya kugqitywa kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhosi.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, umbhali wamkela indlela yokufundisa eseklasini esekwe kumxholo we-CDIO, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
Iveki yokuqala yoqeqesho iyafana nakwiqela elilawulayo; Iiveki ezimbini ngoqeqesho lwe-Ortopedion ezine ezisebenzisa isicwangciso sokufundisa esitshathiweyo esekwe kwingcinga ye-CDIO yeyure engama-36 iyonke. Inxalenye yenxalenye yoyilo igqityiwe kwiveki yesibini kwaye inxalenye yokuphunyezwa igqityiwe kwiveki yesithathu. Utyando wagqitywa kwiveki yesine, kwaye uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lwagqitywa kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Jonga iTheyibhile 1 yexesha elithile leklasi.
Iqela lokufundisa eliquka umongikazi oPhezulu we-1, i-orthoric ye-orthocty ye-orthocy kunye nengcali ye-Orthopedic ye-Orthodic yasungulwa. Umongikazi oyintloko ubonelela ngamalungu amaqela amaqela abafundi kunye nemigangatho yekharimu ye-CDIO kunye nencwadana yemigaqo ye-CDIO kunye nezinye iingcali ezingama-20), kunye neengcali ezineengcali ngalo lonke ixesha kwimicimbi enzima yokufundisa . I-PAFALY SETY INJONGO YOKUFUNDA
Ngokwenkqubo ye-Internship, ngokubhekisele kwiNkqubo yoQeqsho lwe-CDIO yeNtlango-mali [17] kunye nokudityaniswa kweempawu zoqeqesho ze-orthopenic, iinjongo zokufunda zabahlengikazi zisetwe kwimilinganiselo emithathu, ezizezinye Ulwazi), ulwazi lobuchule kunye neenkqubo zenkqubo ezinxulumene noko, njl. Njl. Njl. njl.). .). Iinjongo zolwazi zihambelana nolwazi lobugcisa kunye nokuqiqa kwekharityhulamu ye-CDIO, ubuchule bobuqu, ubudlelwane bekharimu ye-CDIO, kunye neenjongo ezisemgangathweni zihambelana nekharithi ethambileyo yekharimu yeC CDIO:
Emva kwemijikelezo emibini yentlanganiso, iqela lokufundisa elixoxa ngesicwangciso sokufundisa ukuqhelisela igumbi lokufundela elifakwe kumxholo we-CDIO, lahlulahlula iinjongo kunye noyilo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1.
Emva kokuhlalutya umsebenzi wokonga kwizifo zamathambo, utitshala wachonga iimeko zezifo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Masithathe isicwangciso sonyango kwizigulana ezinesifo sokucofa i-lumbar njengomzekelo (umguli uZhang Moumou (oneminyaka engama-70 ubudala, ubunzima be-80 ye-70 kg) Intlungu ye-70 ye-70 ehamba nelungu lasekhohlo Iinyanga ezimbini "kwaye walaliswa esibhedlele kwiklinikhi yangaphandle. Njengomongikazi onesigulana onoxanduva: (1) Nceda ucwangcise imbali yesigulana esekwe kulwazi olufumeneyo kwaye ubone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwisigulana; . (3) Yenza i-nusing disalosis. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa idathazi yetyala; Rekhoda ungenelelo olujolise kubuchule olujolise kwisigulana; . Amabali abafundi emva kunye noluhlu lomsebenzi kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kweklasi. Uluhlu lomsebenzi kule meko yile ilandelayo: (2) Ukuphuhliswa kwesicwangciso soqwalaselo ekujoliswe kubo; . Abafundi abahlengikazi abaziintloko behlolisise imixholo yemibuzo, funda uncwadi olululo kunye nolwimi olufanelekileyo, kunye neMisebenzi yokuzifundela, kunye neMisebenzi yokuzifundela eQhelekileyo ngokungena kwiqela le-WeCIT.
Abafundi benza amaqela, kwaye iqela likhetha inkokeli yeqela elinoxanduva lokukhupha umsebenzi kunye nokulungelelanisa iprojekthi. Inkokeli yangaphambi kweqela inoxanduva lokusasaza imixholo emine: Intshayelelo, iNkqubo yoLungisi yokuSebenza, imfundo yezeMpilo kunye noLwazi olunxulumene nesifo kwilungu ngalinye leqela. Ngexesha lophandoloriship, abafundi basebenzisa ixesha labo lokukhululeka ukuba baphanda ngemvelaphi okanye izixhobo zokusombulula iingxaki zetyala, beqhuba iingxoxo zeqela, kunye nokuphucula izicwangciso zeprojekthi. KuPhuculo lweProjekthi, utitshala wenza inkokeli yeqela ekuqulunqweni kwamanani eqela ukuba aqokelele ulwazi olufanelekileyo, aphuhlise kwaye abonakalise abafundi, kwaye bancedise abafundi abahleliweyo ekudibaniseni ulwazi olunxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nemveliso. Fumana ulwazi ngemodyuli nganye. Imiceli mngeni kunye neengongoma eziphambili zeqela lophando zahlalutywa kwaye zaphuhliswa, kwaye isicwangciso sokumiliselwa kwemodeli yemodeli yemeko yophando yenziwa. Ngeli nqanaba, ootitshala baphinda balungelelanisa imiboniso yogcino.
Abafundi basebenza ngamaqela amancinci ukuhambisa iiprojekthi. Ukulandela le ngxelo, amanye amalungu eqela kunye namalungu e-factult axoxwe kwaye anikwe ingxelo ngeqela elinika ingxelo ukuba enze ngakumbi ukuphucula isicwangciso sokhathalelo sendlini. Inkokeli yeqela ikhuthaza amalungu eqela ukuba alingane yonke inkqubo yokhathalelo, kwaye utitshala unceda abafundi ukuba bahlole utshintsho oluguqukayo ngenxa yokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa nengqondo. Yonke imixholo ekufuneka igcwalisiwe kuphuhliso lwezifo ezizodwa zigqityiwe phantsi kwesikhokelo sootitshala. Ootitshala bagqabaza kunye nokukhokela abafundi abahlengikazi ukuba basebenze kwibhedi ecaleni kokufezekisa indibaniselwano yolwazi kunye nezonyango.
Emva kokuvavanya iqela ngalinye, umqeqeshi wenze amagqabantshintshi kwaye aqaphele amandla kunye nobuthathaka beqela ngalinye kumbutho wesihloko kunye nenkqubo yobuchule bokuphucula ukuqonda kwabahlengikazi komxholo wokufunda. Ootitshala bahlalutya umgangatho wokufundisa kunye nokwenza izifundo ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lwabafundi kunye novavanyo lokufundisa.
Abafundi abahlengikazi bathatha i-theoretical kunye nezokusebenza emva koqeqesho olusebenzayo. Imibuzo yethiyori yongenelelo ibuzwa ngutitshala. Amaphepha ongenelelo ahlulwe ngokwamaqela amabini (A kunye ne-B), kwaye iqela elinye likhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga ukuba ungenelo. Imibuzo yokungenelela yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: Ulwazi lwe-theoretical themoretical kunye nohlalutyo lwamatyala, nganye ixabisa amanqaku angama-50 amanqaku angama-100. Abafundi, xa bevavanya izakhono zokonga, baya kukhetha enye yezi zinto, kubandakanya nendlela ye-axial ye-axial yendlela yokulimala intambo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Pneumatic Propy Propy, ubuchule bokusebenzisa uhlengahlengiso lwe-CPM, njl. Gqibezela Amanqaku ngamanqaku ayi-100.
Kwiveki yesine, isiCwangciso soVavanyo lokuFunda esiZimeleyo sokufunda siya kuvavanywa kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhosi. Inqanaba lokuzimela elizimeleyo kumandla okufunda ophuhliswe yiZhang Xiyan [18] yayisetyenzisiwe, kubandakanya ukukhuthaza ukufunda (izinto ezi-8), ukuzilawula (izinto ezi-5), kunye nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala (izinto ezi-6) . Into nganye ihlawulwe kwinqanaba le-5-post ye-Post ukusuka kwi "hayi kuyo yonke i-" ukuya kwi "ukuba iguqulwe ngokupheleleyo," ngamanqaku angama-15. . I-Bronbach ye-Alpha Holling yekali yi-0.822.
Kwiveki yesine, isilinganiselo sokucinga esibalulekileyo savavanywa kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Inguqulelo yesiTshayina yesiseko sokucinga esicinga ngokucinga ngokuguqulwa ngenceba eguqulweyo nge-19] yasetyenziswa. Inemilinganiselo esixhenxe: Ukucinga ngenyaniso, ukucinga okuvulekileyo, amandla okuhlalutya, kunye nokucwangcisa ubuchule, kunye nezinto ezili-10 kwimo nganye. Isikali semanqaku esi-6 sisetyenziswa ukusukela "andivumi kakhulu" ukuya "ndivuma kakhulu" ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-6, ngokwahlukeneyo. Iingxelo ezimbi ziphinda zifumane amanqaku, amanqaku apheleleyo asusela kuma-70 ukuya kwi-420. Inqaku le-21110. I-Bronbach ye-alpha i-alpha
Kwiveki yesine, uvavanyo lobuchule lweklinikhi luya kuqhubeka neentsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Isikali se-Mini-Cex esisetyenzisiweyo kolu phononongo sahlengahlengiswa kwi-Classic Socialic [20] esekwe kwi-mini-cex, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwafunyanwa ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 amanqaku. Iimfuno ezihlangabezana neemfuno, iinqaku ezi-4-6 zeemfuno zentshutshiso, iingcebiso ezingama-7-7 zokulungileyo. Abafundi bezonyango bagqibezela uqeqesho lwabo emva kokugqiba i-Internnip. I-thronbach ye-elpha yokulingana kwalo mgangatho ngu-0.780 kunye nokunyaniseka kwendlela eyahlukileyo yi-0.842, ebonisa ukuthembeka okuhle.
Kwiveki yesine, usuku olungaphambi kokushiya isebe, umxholo wootitshala kunye nabafundi kunye novavanyo lomgangatho wokufundisa wabanjwa. Ifom yovavanyo esemgangathweni yokufundisa yaphuhliswa sisitofu [21] kwaye ibandakanya iinkalo ezintlanu: isimo sengqondo sokufundisa, kunye nokufundisa. Iindlela, iziphumo zoqeqesho kunye neempawu zoqeqesho. I-5-post ye-Agrest isetyenzisiwe. Amanqaku aphezulu, ongcono kumgangatho wokufundisa. Kugqityiwe emva kokugqiba i-internripr ekhethekileyo. Iphepha lemibuzo linentembeko entle, kunye ne-alpha ye-alnbacka yekali ye-0.85.
Idatha yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa i-SPSS 21.0 isoftware ye-Staristical. Idatha yokulinganisa ibonakaliswa njengokuthetha ± ukuphambuka komgangatho (\ (\ ter \ \ pm \) kunye neqela lokungenelela i-T lisetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa phakathi kwamaqela. Ukubala idatha ibonakaliswe njengenani lamatyala (%) kwaye kuthelekiswa kusetyenziswa i-chi-chire okanye ungenelelo ngqo. Ixabiso le-p <0.05 libonisa umahluko obalulekileyo obalulekileyo.
Ukuthelekisa kwamanqaku okungenelela kunye nokusebenza kwezinto zala maqela mabini omongikazi kuboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Ukuthelekisa kwezakhono ezizimeleyo zokufunda kunye nokucinga kwamaqela mabini omongikazi kuboniswe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Uthelekiso lovavanyo lweklinikhi lwezonyango phakathi kwamaqela amabini onqena. Ikhuselo lezonyango lokuqhelisela abafundi kwiqela lokungenelela lalingcono kakhulu kunoko kwiqela lolawulo, kwaye umahluko lwalubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P <0.05) njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 4.
Iziphumo zokuvavanya umgangatho wokufundisa wala maqela mabini abonisa ukuba amanqaku asemgangathweni owomgangatho wokufundisa yayingama-90.08 ~ amanqaku asemgangathweni weqela elinenxaxheba kwiqela le-96.34 ± 2.16 amanqaku. Umahluko ubalulekile ngokweenkcukacha. (t = - 13.900, P <0.001).
Uphuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yamayeza kufuna ukuqokelelwa kwetalente yezonyango. Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa iindlela zoqeqesho zikhoyo, abanakukwazi ukutshintsha indlela yezonyango, ezinxulumene ngqo nesakhono setalente yezonyango yexesha elizayo ukunyanga izifo kwaye sisindise ubomi. Ukususela ekubeni iCovid-19 iBiden, eli lizwe lithathe ingqalelo ngakumbi kumsebenzi wokufundisa weklinikhi yezilwanyana zaseyunivesithi [22]. Ukomeleza ukudityaniswa kwamayeza kunye nemfundo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kokufundisa kweklinikhi yimiceli mngeni emikhulu ejongene nemfundo yezonyango. Ubunzima bokufundisa i-orthopekis bulele kwizifo ezahlukeneyo, ubungcali obuphezulu kunye neempawu ezingaqondakaliyo, ezichaphazela inyathelo lokuqala, inzondelelo kunye nolwazi lokufunda lwabafundi [23].
Indlela yokufundisa eseklasini yokufundisisa ngaphakathi kwengcinga yokufundisa i-CDIO idibanisa umxholo wokufunda ngenkqubo yokufundisa, yokufunda nokuziqhelanisa. Oku kutshintsha ubume begumbi lokufundela kunye neendawo abafundi abahlengikazi kwinkangeleko yokufundisa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yemfundo, ootitshala banceda abafundi abahlengikazi abazimeleyo bafikelela kulwazi olufanelekileyo kwimiba entsonkothileyo ngemiba enzima yamatyala [24]. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-CDIO ibandakanya ukuphuculwa komsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yokufundisa yeklinikhi. Iprojekthi ibonelela ngesikhokelo esineenkcukacha, sidibanisa ngokusondeleyo ukudityaniswa kolwazi lobuchule kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezakhono zomsebenzi, kwaye kuchonge iingxaki zokwenza izinto ezizimeleyo zokuphucula abafundi abazimeleyo kunye nokucinga okuzimeleyo ukufunda. -Umsebenzi. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba emva kweeveki ezi-4 zoqeqesho, ukukhulisa izimeleyo zokucinga abafundi abahleliyo kwiqela longenelelo ngeqela elineqela le-Dountin (zombini p <0.001). Oku kuyahambelana neziphumo zophando lwe-fan xiaoing ngesiphumo se-CBL edibeneyo nendlela yokufundisa ye-CBL kwimfundo yokufundisa [25]. Le ndlela yoqeqesho inokuziphucula indlela yokucinga ngokuqinileyo kunye nezakhono zokufunda ezizimeleyo. Ngexesha leSigaba seSimo, utitshala uqalise kuqala amanqaku anzima ngabafundi abahlengikazi kwigumbi lokufundela. Abafundi abahlengikazi bafunda ngendlela efanelekileyo ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwiividiyo ezincinci kwaye zifuna izixhobo ezibonakalayo zokuphucula ukuqonda kwabo ubuhlengikazi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo, abafundi abahlengikazi baqhelisela ukusebenzisana kunye nezakhono zokucinga ezigcweleyo ngengxoxo yeqela, ukukhokelwa yi-farylt kwaye kusetyenziswa izifundo zetyala. Ngexesha lesigaba sokuphunyezwa, ootitshala bajonga ukhathalelo lwempumelelo njengethuba kwaye basebenzise iindlela zokufundisa zamatyala ukufundisa abafundi abaziqhelanisa nokusebenzisana nomsebenzi. Kwangelo xesha, ngokufundisa amatyala okwenyani, abafundi abahlengikazi banokufunda amanqaku aphambili ekubandeleni kwaye baqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba zonke iinkalo zononophelo olugqibeleleyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimeko yokubuyela kwimeko yesigulana. Kwinqanaba lokusebenza, ootitshala banceda abafundi bezonyango i-Interies kunye nezakhono zokuziqhelanisa. Ngokwenza oko, bafunda ukugcina utshintsho kwiimeko kwiimeko zokwenyani, ukucinga malunga nokucinezelwa okunokubakho, kwaye ukungaqaqa ngentloko iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokonga ukunceda abafundi bezonyango. Inkqubo yokwakha kunye nokuphunyezwa komzimba idibanisa umxholo woqeqesho. Kule ntsebenziswano, ukusebenzisana kwaye kunamava okufunda, ubuchule bokufunda kwabahlengikazi abahleliyo kunye nenzondelelo yokufunda bahlanganiswe kakuhle kwaye izakhono zabo zokucinga ziyaphucuka. Abaphandi basebenzise indlela yokucinga yoyilo (i-DT) -Yilo lwendlela yokusetyenziswa-sebenza-sebenzisa (i-CDIO)) ukwazisa ngeNkqubo yeWebhu yokuSebenza yeWebhu ekuphuculeni umsebenzi wokufunda kwabafundi kunye neziphumo, kwaye Intsebenzo yemfundo yabafundi kunye nobuchule bokucinga ngemotatio iphuculwe kakhulu [26].
Olu phononongo lunceda abafundi abahlengise abafundi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuyo yonke inkqubo ngokwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwentsebenzo yoyilo-yenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwemali. Iimeko zeklinikhi ziphuhlisiwe. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kwintsebenziswano yeqela kunye nokucinga ngokuzimeleyo, kongezwe ngutitshala uphendula imibuzo, abafundi becebisa ngezisombululo kwiingxaki, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye nokuhlanjwa kwebhedi. Iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba amanqaku abafundi bezonyango kwiqela lokungenelela kuvavanyo lolwazi lwethiyori kunye nezakhono zokusebenza zazingcono kunezo zabafundi kwiqela elilawulayo, kwaye umahluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P <0.001). Oku kuyahambelana nenyaniso yokuba abafundi bezonyango kwiqela elingenelelayo babeneziphumo ezingcono kuvavanyo lolwazi lwethiyori kunye nezakhono zomsebenzi. Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, umahluko wabaluleka ngokweenkcukacha-manani (P <0.001). Zidityaniswe neziphumo zophando ezifanelekileyo [27, 28]. Isizathu sohlalutyo kukuba imodeli ye-CDIO iqala ukukhetha ulwazi lwezifo ezinamaxabiso aphezulu ezehlo, nakwezona zinto zininzi, ubunzima beProjekti. Kule modeli, emva kokuba abafundi begqibe umxholo owenziwayo, bagqibezela incwadi yemisebenzi yeprojekthi njengoko kufuneka, bahlaziye imixholo efanelekileyo, kwaye baxoxe ngeziqulatho zamaqela ukuba bagaleleke kwaye basebenzise ulwazi olutsha lokufunda kunye nokufunda. Ulwazi oludala ngendlela entsha. Ulwazi olusisiseko luyaphucuka.
Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba ngokusetyenziswa kweModeli yokufunda ye-CDIO yeKliniki, abafundi abahleliyo kwiqela elingenelelayo bebengcono kubafundi beqela elisebenzayo ekwenzeni ukungavisisani, ukumilisela ungenelelo lokutsala, kunye nokukhathalela ubuhlengikazi. Iziphumo. kunye nokukhathalelwa komntu. Ukongeza, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo kwiparamitha nganye phakathi kwamaqela amabini (P <0.05), eyayifana neziphumo zeHongyun [29]. U-Zhou Thossim oSebenzayo-Imodeli yokufundisa-ufundisa (i-CDIO) yemodeli yokufundisa (i-CDIO) kwikhondo leklinikhi ye-Cardiovascular Touling, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba abafundi kwiqela lekliniki esetyenzisiweyo. Indlela yokufundisa kwinkqubo yokongamela, abantu iiparamitha ezisibhozo, njengamandla abongikazi kunye nezazela, zibhetele kunezo zabahlengikazi zisebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa zesiko. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yenkqubo yokufunda, abafundi abahlengikazi akasamkeli ngokuhamba ngokwamandla, kodwa basebenzise ubuchule babo. fumana ulwazi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amalungu eqela aphule ngokupheleleyo umoya weqela, udibanise izixhobo zokufunda, kwaye anike ingxelo ephindaphindiweyo, qhubeka, ahlalutye, aze axoxe ngemicimbi yokonga yekliniki yangoku. Ulwazi lwabo lukhula lungaphezulu kakhulu, lubeke ingqalelo ngakumbi kumxholo othile wohlalutyo loonobangela. Iingxaki zempilo, ukuqulunqwa kweenjongo zodongi kunye nokunokwenzeka kongenelelo ngoncedo. I-faculty ibonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nokubonisa ngexesha iingxoxo zokwenza ukhuthazo lokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa, nceda ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokufunda, ukuphucula umdla wokufunda kunye nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nabongisi . . ubuchule. Isakhono sokufunda kwithiyori ukuba siziqhelanise, sigqibe ukuhlaselwa kolwazi.
Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ze-CDIO zeChio zeChio Secal kuphulukene nomgangatho wemfundo yekliniki. Iziphumo zophando ze-Ding Jinxia [30] Kwaye abanye babonisa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokufunda, amandla okufunda okuzimeleyo, kunye nokuziphatha kakuhle kokufundisa kwabafundisi beklinikhi. Kolu phononongo, ngokuphuhliswa kweMfundiso yeKliniki ye-CDIO, ootitshala bezonyango bafumana uqeqesho oluphuculweyo, iikhonsepthi zokufundisa ezihlaziyiweyo, kunye nobuchule obuphuculweyo wokufundisa. Okwesibini, izuza imizekelo yokufundisa yeklinikhi kunye nomxholo wentliziyo yentliziyo, ibonisa ulungelelwaniso kunye nokusebenza kwemodeli yokufundisa evela kwimodeli ye-macro, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuqonda kwabafundi kunye nokugcinwa kwabafundi kunye nokugcinwa kwabafundi kunye nokugcinwa kwabafundi. Ingxelo emva kokuba intetho nganye inokukhuthaza ukwazisa ootitshala bezonyango, khuthaza ootitshala beklinikhi ukuba babonakalise ngezakhono zabo, inqanaba lengcali kunye neempawu zobuntu, kwaye baphucule ukufunda ngoontanga, kwaye baphucule umgangatho wokufundisa kwekliniki. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba umgangatho wokufundisa wabafundisi beklinikhi kwiqela lokungenelela babengcono kunolo kwiqela lolawulo, eyayifana neziphumo zeXiong Haiyang [31].
Nangona iziphumo zolu phononongo zibaluleke kakhulu kwimfundiso yeklinikhi, isifundo sethu sisaneentsilelo ezininzi. Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwesampulu yokufumana umda kunokunciphisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifunyenweyo, kwaye isampulu yethu yayilinganiselwe kwisibhedlele esithathu. Okwesibini, ixesha loqeqesho ziiveki ezi-4 kuphela, kwaye abaqeqeshi bafuna ixesha elingakumbi lokuphuhlisa izakhono zokucinga. Okwesithathu, kolu phando, izigulana ezisetyenziswa kwi-mini-cex yayizigulana zokwenene ngaphandle koqeqesho, kwaye umgangatho wathungikazi wekhosi kathathu unokwahluka kubaguli ukuba banyamezele. Le yeyona miba iphambili inciphisa iziphumo zolu phononongo. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lwandise ubungakanani besampulu, yonyusa uqeqesho lwabafundisi-ntsapho, kwaye dibanisa imilinganiselo yokuphuhlisa izifundo zamatyala. Isifundo sexesha elide sikwadika ukuphanda ukuba igumbi lokufundela elifakwe kumxholo we-CDIO linokuphuhlisa izakhono ezibanzi zabafundi bezonyango kwixesha elide.
Olu phando luye lwaphuhlisa imodeli ye-CDIO ngoyilo lwe-Orthopedic abafundi abahlengikazi, baqala kwigumbi lokufundela elifakwe kwi-CDIOPOPT, kwaye badibanisa nemodeli yovavanyo encinci ye-cex. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba igumbi lokufundela elifakwe kwi-CDIO ayiphuluki kuphela umgangatho wokufundisa kwekliniki, kodwa ikwaphucula amandla azimeleyo okufunda kwabafundi, ukucinga okuqinisekileyo, kunye nenqanaba lokucinga. Le ndlela yokufundisa ithembekile kwaye isebenza ngaphezu kweentetho zemveli. Kungagqitywa ukuba iziphumo zinokuba neziphumo zemfundo yezonyango. Igumbi lokufundela elifihlakeleyo, elisekwe kumxholo we-CDIO, kugxilwe ekufundiseni, ukufunda kunye nemisebenzi esebenzayo kunye nokudibanisa ukudityaniswa kolwazi lobuchule kunye nokuphuhliswa kwabafundi bekliniki. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kokubonelela abafundi ngethuba lokufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa, kwaye kuthathe zonke iinkalo, kucetywa ukuba imodeli yokufunda yekliniki isekwe kwi-CDIO kwimfundo yezonyango. Le ndlela inokucetyiswa njengendlela entsha, egxile kumfundi kwimfundiso yekliniki. Ukongeza, iziphumo ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu kubaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezazinzulu xa zikhulisa izicwangciso zokuphucula imfundo yezonyango.
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