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Ukukhula kwe-round amanxeba kuhlala kubonakalisa izinto ezibonakala ngathi zii-biofilms, eziphazamisa ukuphilisa kwaye kunzima ukuphelisa. I-New Shrings yeSilivere ibango yokulwa nosulelo olunenxeba, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo ngokufezekileyo kunye neziphumo zonyango ezizimeleyo ngokubanzi aziziwa. Ukusebenzisa i-vitro kunye ne-vivo biofilm yemodeli ye-staphylococcus aures kunye ne-pseudmonas aruginosa, sixela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-AG1 + i-IION yase-IOI; I-AG1 + yokunxiba ene-Ethlodidinetetratetine Acid kunye ne-Benzenhonium Chloride (Ag1 + / Edta / E-EDTA / BC), kunye ne-Ag iqulethe i-nitrate (Ag iquerate). , evelise i-AG1 +, AG3 + kunye ne-AG3 + ion ukulwa i-biofilm kunye nefuthe layo ekuphiliseni. I-Ag1 + impahla ekhutshiweyo yayineempembelelo ezincinci kwi-bitrofilm evim kunye neempuku (c57bl / 6J). Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-octsgen ze-onugegen aget kunye ne-Ag1 + / Edta / i-EDTA / i-BC inciphise inani leebhaktiriya ezisebenzayo kwi-vitro kwaye zibonisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-biofilms ye-biofilms. Ezi zinto zokunxiba zazineziphumo ezahlukeneyo ekuphiliseni inkathalo yosulelo ye-bigofilm kunye ne-bigofilm esulelekileyo eneziphumo eziluncedo ngakumbi kwi-reeepilization, ubungakanani benxeba, kunye nokunxiba kwesilivere. Iipropathi ezahlukeneyo ze-physicmochemicals ze-physis ze-styrings zinokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwi-biofilm kunye nokuphiliswa, kwaye oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-Deadsus yoNyango lwe-Biofilm of Reflofilm of Fuilm.
Amanxeba angapheliyo achazwa njengo "amanxeba angahambelani kwinkqubela phambili kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okuphilisa ngokulandelelana nangexesha". Amanxeba angapheliyo abonisa umthwalo wengqondo, kwezentlalo kunye noqoqosho kwizigulana nakwinkqubo yezempilo. Inkcitho yonyaka ye-NHS malunga nokunyanga amanxeba kunye neendlela ezinxulumene nazo ziqikelelwa kwi-8.3 yezigidigidi ngo-2017-182. Amanxeba angapheliyo akwingxaki yokucinezelwa eUnited States, kunye neMedicare uqikelelo lweendleko zonyaka zokunyanga izigulana ezinamanxeba kwi-£ 96.8 yeedola3.
Usulelo yinto enkulu ukuthintela ukuphilisa inxeba. Usulelo luhlala lubonakala njenge-biofilms, ezikhoyo nge-78% yamanxeba angapheliyo. Ifomu ye-biofilms xa i-microorganisms inamachaphaza aqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu, njengendawo enamanxeba, kwaye inokuhlanganisa ukwenza i-polycellir polymer polymer (i-EPS) -ukuvelisa uluntu. I-biofilm yenxeba inxulunyaniswa nempendulo eyongezelelweyo yokuvuvukala okukhokelela kumonakalo wezicubu, onokuthi ulibazise okanye ukuthintela ukuphiliswa4. Ukonyuka komonakalo wezicubu kunokubangelwa yinxalenye yokwandisa umsebenzi weMatrix ye-matrix, comagese, i-Elastase kunye ne-EXCEGL yoLuntu. Ngaphaya koko, iiseli ze-inframitory kunye nee-biofilms zaziintloko zeoksijini kwaye ke zinokubangela i-hypoxia yasekhaya, zokuphelisa iiseli zeoksijini efunekayo kwi-OXCIRE efunekayo ye-theshures esebenzayo ye-tishu yolungiso.
I-biofilms evuthiweyo ixhaphake kakhulu kwiarhente zokulwa, ifuna iindlela zobundlobongela zokulawula usulelo lwe-biofilm, ezinje ngonyango lomatshini olandelwa lunyango olusebenzayo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-biofilms zinokuphinda ziphinde zivuselele ngokukhawuleza, ii-antimicroials ezifanelekileyo zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqulunqwa kwakhona emva kokuhluthwa kwetyala7.
Isilivere isetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kwi-andhicialrobial yokunxiba kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyango lodidi lokuqala lobunkunkqele obungapheliyo. Zininzi iingubo zesilivere ezikhoyo kwezorhwebo, nganye iqulathe ukwakhiwa kwesilivere eyahlukileyo, uxinzelelo kunye ne-matrix yesiseko. Inkqubela phambili kwindawo yesilivere ikhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-Arms entsha yeSilivere. Uhlobo lwesilivere (AG0) yi-InErt; Ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kufuneka uphulukane ne-elektroni ukwenza i-Iobani isilivere (AG1 +). Ingubo yesilivere yesilivere iqulethe imingxunya yesilivere okanye isilivere yentsimbi, xa ityhilwe kulwelo, iworawe kwi-AG1 + i-ions. Ezi ag1 + ii-Ions zisabela ngeseli yentsholongwane, isusa ii-elektroni ezivela kwizinto ezakhiweyo okanye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko ukuze zisinde. Itekhnoloji ye-patered ikhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kwesilivere entsha, i-AG AG AgeShealts (i-witsete ye-AGITE, AGS7no11), equka ukunxiba kweenxeba. Ngokungafaniyo nesilivere yemveli, ukubola kwe-oxygen ene-oxhlanning ivelisa iSilivere nge-valence (AG1 +, i-AG3 + ne-AG3 +). Kwisifundo seVitro sibonise ukuba ukugxininisa okuphantsi kwe-thesygenis yesilivere esebenzayo kune-ion enye (AG1 +) ngokuchasene ne-ion ye-pitonia efana ne-picterias aerugugas aures kunye ne-escherichichia Coli8,9. Olunye uhlobo lwesilivere yesilivere lubandakanya izithako ezongezelelweyo, ezizezo ze-EthyledineInetetrate Acid (Edta) kunye ne-Benzanium chlofilm i-eps kwaye ke yongeza ukungena kwesilivere. Ezi teknoloji zeSilivere zeSilivere entsha zibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokujolisa i-biofilms. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe lezi zinto ze-andImicroohials kwindawo ehlala inxeba kunye nonyango oluzimeleyo oluzimeleyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abakheki indawo engathandekiyo okanye ukuphilisa. Inkxalabo malunga ne-vitrol cytotocity ye-sytotocity ichaziwe nge-shrings yeSilivere enye10,11. Nangona kunjalo, eVitro Cytotocity ayiguquleleki kwi-vivo enetyhefu, kwaye i-Ag1 + ye-AG1 + ibonakalise i-Infowni elungileyo yokhuseleko12.
Apha, saphanda ngempumelelo kwe-carboxymethylcelcelcelcelcelcelces equkethe i-Invel Foulations kwi-biofilm ye-biofilm kwi-vitro naseVivo. Ukongeza, iziphumo zale mithombo yokunxiba kumajoni omzimba kunye nokuphiliswa ezimeleyo kusulelo kwavavanywa.
Zonke izinxibo ezisetyenzisiweyo zifumaneka kwezorhwebo. I-3m Kerracel gel fiber impahla (i-3m, iKnutsford, i-UK) yi-Antimicrobial ye-Antimicrobial 100% yeByboxymethylcelose (cmc) i-gel fiber esetyenzisiweyo kulawulo olusetyenzisiweyo kwesi sifundo. Iindlela ezintathu zeSilivere ze-antimicrobial ze-CMC zeCMC zavavanywa, ezizezi-3M Kerizcel AG I-OXYGENGE YESITHUTHAZO SESITHUBA (AG7NO11) kwi-Ekling Vial Slive Sciel (AG1 +, AG2 + ne-AG3 +). Ngexesha lokuhombisa kwe-AG7no11, AG1 +, AG2 + kunye ne-AG3 + i-Ions zisenziwa kumyinge we-1: 2: 4. I-Aquacel Ag equlethe i-1.2% chloride (AGAT1 +) (i-Deesec, i-Deeside, i-E-UK), i-EDTA kunye ne-EDTATHEC equkethe i-hloride (i-Deesec, i-Deeside, i-Deeside, e-UK) 14.
The strains used in this study were Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10781 (Public Health England, Salisbury) and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 (Public Health England, Salisbury).
Intsholongwane ikhule ubusuku bonke eMuller-hindon broth (i-oxoid, i-allrincham, ew). Inkcubeko yobusuku bonke yanyitywa i-1: 100 eMueller-hindon-hindon kunye ne-200 μm ipleyiti ye-Myrler-μm ye-challs, i-whatAIST, i-MALLRE THERY ). ) Ukuqulunqwa kwe-bolonial biofilm kwi-37 ° C kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ezi biofilms zobukodial zavavanywa kwi-logorithmic shrinkani.
Sika ukunxiba ibe ziingcezu ezi-3 ze-3 cm2 kunye ne-pre-moisten kunye namanzi e-deerle. Beka i-bandebege ngaphezulu kwe-biofilm ye-biofelm yekoloni kwiplate ye-agar. Zonke iihektafilm ezingama-24 ze-biofilm zasuswa, kwaye i-bacteria esebenzayo ngaphakathi kwe-biofilm (CFU / ML) zagqitywa ngobuqhetseba (i-10-1 ukuya kwi-10-7) kwi-angle ye-angle (i-merck-millipore). Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokufakwa kwi-37 ° C, ukubalwa kweplate esemgangathweni kwenziwa kwi-Mueller-hindon Agar Ager. Unyango ngalinye kunye nexesha lexesha lenziwa kwi-trivelite, kwaye izibalo zeplate ziye zaphindwayo kwi-dilution nganye.
Ulusu lwengulube luyifunyanwa kwiihagu ezinkulu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe kwimizuzu eli-15 yokuxhelwa ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yokuthengiswa kwemanyano yaseYurophu. Ulusu lwaluchetyiwe kwaye lwacocwa ngotywala, emva koko i-frozen kwi--80 ° C kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokufumana ulusu. Emva kokutsala, i-1 cm2 yezikhungo ze-CM2 zahlanjwa kathathu nge-PBS, i-0.6% yeSodium hypochlorite, kunye nama-70% ethanol kangangeemizuzu engama-20. Ngaphambi kokususa i-pidededes, susa nayiphi na i-ethanol eseleyo ngokuhlamba izihlandlo ezi-3 kwi-PBS ye-STB. Ulusu lwaluhlakulelwa kwipleyiti eli-6 eline-0.45-μm-~m-mylon membrane (i-merck-millipore) kwi-Tourust ye-Avine ye-Avine (i-Golline) iguqulwe nge-10% ye-Dulbecco iguqulwe Ukhozi. I-Dulbecco ePhakamileyo ePhakamileyo
I-Biofilms ekhulelweyo yaqalwa njengoko kuchaziwe kwizifundo zokubonisa i-biofilm. Emva kwe-biofilm kwi-bibrane kwi-Mbrane yeeyure ezingama-72, i-biofilm yafakwa kumphezulu wolusu usebenzisa i-loop ye-inoop kunye ne-membrane yasuswa. I-biofilm yafakwa kwi-Dermis yehagu yehagu ye-IRME iiyure ezingama-30 nge-37 ° C ukuvumela i-biofilm ukuba iqonde kwaye ilandele ulusu lwehagu. Emva kokuba i-biofilm yayiqulunqwe kwaye iqhotyoshelwe, ukunxiba, i-1.5 cm2 ye-1.5 cm2, isetyenziselwe amanzi ashiyiweyo, isetyenziswe ngqo kulusu kwaye ifakwe kwi-37 ° C iiyure ezingama-24. I-bacteria esebenzayo yabekwa ngokusebenzisa ngokufaka i-Resestoble Fiedstooblue yokuSebenzisa i-Prestoblue (itekhnoloji yobomi, i-InIisley, e-UK) kumphezulu we-apical nganye kwaye ifake imizuzu emi-5. Sebenzisa ikhamera ye-leica dfc425 Ikhamera yedijithali ye-digital yokufaka imifanekiso kwi-leica mz8 microscope. Iindawo ezinemibala epinki yayimiliselwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yePro yeSoftware le-10 (i-Canbernetics Inc, Rockville, MD-Pro-Pro (Mediacy.com). Ukuskena i-elektroni yemicroscopy yenziwa njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
I-bacteria ikhule ubusuku bonke ihluthwe i-1: 100 eMeller-hindon bhuti. I-200 μl yenkcubeko yongezwa kwi-Stead 0.2 μm i-μm i-charcyperpore membrane (uThiaman, iMaidlitye, i-MUWEDLEn-hinger. Iipleyiti ze-biofilm zifakwe kwi-37 ° C kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuvumela ukwakhiwa kwe-biofilm.
Emva kweentsuku ezi-3 ze-biofilm, i-3 cm2 ye-3 cm2 ibekwe ngqo kwi-biofilm kwaye ifakwe kwi-37 ° C iiyure ezingama-24. Emva kokususa i-banded ukusuka kwi-biofilm ephezulu, i-1 ml ye-Reptoblue ye-Reptoblue yeWindows Imiphezulu yomiswe ngaphambi kotshintsho lombala zarekhodwa usebenzisa i-nikon D2300 Ikhamera yedijithali (Nikon iK Ltd., e-Kingston, eK).
Lungiselela inkcubeko ebusuku eMueller-hindon Agar, udluliselwano kwi-10 ML Ml Mueller-hindon-hindor-hindor-hindor kunye ne-qabate kwi-shaker kwi-37 ° C (100 rpm). Emva kobusuku obunye, inkcubeko yahluthwa i-1: 100 eMeller-hindon kunye ne-300 μm ye-μm ye-μm ye-challer-μAr ye-Myler-hAr ye-37 ° C ngaphakathi kwe-72 iiyure . . I-biofilm evuthiweyo yasetyenziswa kwinxeba njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi.
Yonke imisebenzi yezilwanyana yaqhutywa kwiDyunivesithi yaseManchester phantsi kwelayisensi yeprojekthi evunyiweyo yi-Ofisi yeNtloko yeZilwanyana epapashwe yi-ofisi yekhaya phantsi kuka-2012 ehlaziyiweyo. Bonke ababhali banamathele kwimigaqo yokufika. Iiveki ezisibhozo ze-C57bl / 6Jice mice (i-envigo, i-OX) isetyenziselwe zonke kwizifundo ze-VIVO. Iimpuku zazixakekile nge-Isoflirane (iPiramial Trance Ltd, West Drayton, UK) kunye nemiphezulu yabo ye-dorsal yachetywa kwaye icocwe. Imouse nganye emva koko inikwe inxeba eli-2 × 6 mm lisebenzisa i-punchy punch punch (i-Schuco ihlabathi, iHertyfordshire, iK). I-Biofilm-inxeba elosulelekileyo, lifaka i-biofilm yeeyure ezingama-72 ezikhulileyo kwi-membrane njengoko kuchaziwe ngaselunxwemeni lwenxeba lenxeba lisebenzisa i-inop ye-inop kwaye ilahle i-membrane. Isentimitha enye ye-Square yokunxiba igqitywe ngaphambi kwamanzi engcolile ukugcina indawo eqingqiweyo. Ukunxiba kwenziwa ngqo kwinxeba ngalinye kwaye igutyungelwe yifilimu ye-3M Tegaderm (3m, i-Tracknell, i-UK) kunye ne-MARITISE i-Adheetive Adheetive (i-Eloquest, i-Ferndetale, iMi) ifakwe u-Exeshion ongezelelweyo. I-Buprenoonoine (I-AnimalCare, York, i-UK) ilawulwa kuxinzelelo lwe-0.1 MG / kg njenge-analgesic. I-cull mayice kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokonzakala kusetyenziswa iShedyuli 1 Indlela kwaye isuse, i-Halve, kwaye igcine indawo yenxeba njengoko kufuneka.
I-Hematoxylin (Thermofisher yesayensi) kunye ne-Eosin (Thermofisher yesayensi) i-staineng yenziwa ngokomgaqo womenzi womenzi. Indawo yenxeba kunye ne-reeetilization bezisoloko zisebenzisa isoftware yesoftware ye-10 (iindaba ze-Cybernetics Inc, Rockville, MD).
Amacandelo ezi-tissue azifuduswa kwi-Xylene (Thermofisher yesayensi, i-loughborough, i-UK), ihlelo enama-100-50% ye-ethanol ye-ethanol, kwaye yantywila ngokufutshane. U-Igonohistochemistry wenziwa kusetyenziswa i-vetalif i-abctain ye-ABC-6104 ikhithi (i-vectoratries, itywilika, ca) ngokomgaqo womenzi. I-antibodies eziphambili kwi-neutrophils Nimp-R14 (i-thermofisther yesayensi) kunye ne-Macrophars i-Ms CD107b, i-WOCMSCIORS ecocekileyo ye-M3 / ye-LCD, ilandelwa yi-antibodies anti-, i-antictain antiinest I-ABC kunye neVector Nova Peroxidase (i-HRP) Ikhithi ye-Fighttate (I-Victor Labhoratoratries, Burulisame, CA) kunye ne-Counterixlin. Imifanekiso yafunyanwa kusetyenziswa i-Olimpiki BX43 microscope kunye nekhamera yedijithali ye-Olimpiki ye-Olimpiki (iOlimpiki, i-Sohender-Ean-Easter, UK).
Iisampulu zesikhumba zazilungisiwe kwi-2,5% ye-GLTHANALDEHDHDHE kunye ne-4% yeFomaldehydey kwi-0,5 m hepes (PH 7.4) iiyure ezingama-24 nge-4 ° C. Iisampulu zazikhutshiwe e-Ethanol yomgangatho kwaye yomiswe kwi-COO2 isebenzisa i-CORM K850 I-STAGTARY POLORY NTD, I-LOUGTONOT LOLDY SCORTY SCHTERY Iimodeli zinyanzelekile ukuba zisebenzise i-feli ye-feli i-scan ye-scan ye-scan
I-toto-1 i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-Sμ0 isetyenzisiwe kumhlaba ophethwe yigundane kwaye ifakwe kwi-37 ° C (Thermofisher yesayensi) kwaye inyangwe nge-77 μm) kwi-37 ° C (Thermofisher). Imifanekiso ye-15-ye-Z-Stack imifanekiso yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-lecac tcs sp8.
Idatha yebhayiloji kunye nobuchwephesha ye-biblic yabhalwa kwaye ihlaziyiwe isebenzisa i-Gramilpad Prism v9 isoftware (isoftware yegrafu, i-LA JOLA, CO). Uhlalutyo lwendlela yokungafani nothelekiso oluninzi kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-HocTT ye-HUNCYET lwe-HOC lwalusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umahluko phakathi konyango ngalunye kunye nokunxiba okungathethekiyo. Ixabiso le-P <0.05 lalithathelwa ingqalelo.
Ukusebenza kwe-bibrous ye-bibius ye-bibisus yaqala ukuvavanywa kwiikholoni ze-biofilm ze-staphylococcus aures kunye ne-pseudududonas aruuginosa evitro. Ukunxiba isilivere kunemifanekiso eyahlukileyo yesilivere: Ukunxiba isilivere yesilivere ivelise i-AG1 + ion; Ukunxiba isilivere, enokwenza i-AG1 + ions emva kongezwa kwe-EDTA / BC, inokutshabalalisa i-bigofilm matrix kwaye ichaze i-bacteria ukuya kwisilivere yesilivere. I-ions15 kunye nokunxiba eziqukethe iityuwa zeoksijini ezivelise i-AG1 +, AG2 + ne-AG3 + i-ions. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthelekiswa nokunxiba okungavumiyo kwe-antimicrobial olwenziwe kwiintsinga ezigxunyeneyo. I-bacteria eshiyekileyo eyaneleyo kwi-biofilm yavavanywa rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwiintsuku ezisi-8 (umzobo 1). Ngomhla wesi-5, i-biofilm yalungiswa nge-3.85 × 105s. I-Staphylococcus Aures okanye 1.22 × 105p. I-Aeruginosa ukuvula ukubuyiswa kwe-biofilm. Xa kuthelekiswa nokunxiba okungavumiyo kulawulo, i-Ag1 + i-Ag1 + yayinefuthe elincinci kwi-stabylococclococcus aures kunye ne-pseudmonas aruugi biofilms ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-5. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimpahla eziqukethe i-oxsgenijin AG kunye ne-AG1 + i-E-E-Edta / i-BC yayiyimpumelelo ekubulaleni intsholongwane ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-5. Emva kokuphindaphinda i-inoculation ngebhaktiriya ye-plarktonic ngomhla we-5, akubuyiswanga i-biofilm yaqwalaselwa (umzobo 1).
Ukuxaniswa kwebhaktiriya enokwenzeka kwi-staphylococcus aures kunye ne-pseudomonas aruguguosa biofilms emva konyango ngengubo yesilivere. I-Biofilm ye-Conphylococcus Aures kunye ne-pseudmonas aruuguugugosa yanyangwa ngeengubo zesilivere okanye i-onomicrobial yokuLawula, kunye nenani le-bacteria elisebenzayo limisiwe kwiiyure ezingama-24. Emva kweentsuku ezi-5, i-biofilm yalungiswa nge-3.85 × 105s. I-Staphylococcus Aures okanye 1.22 × 105p. Ikholoni yeBacterioPlankton pseududududonas arugugugona yasekwa ngokukodwa ukuvavanya ukubuyiswa kwe-biofilm. Iigrafu Veeks zithetha ukuba i-SHIFAY Impazamo.
Ukubona umbono wesiphumo sokunxiba kwesilivere kwi-biofilm ukusebenza, ukunxiba kwasetyenziswa kwi-bivore biofilms ekhule kwi-Porcine Sute Sute. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, ukunxiba kuyasuswa kwaye i-biofilm ifakwe kwidayi esebenzayo ebomvu, efihlakele yintsholongwane ephilayo ukuya kumbala opinki. I-biofilms ephathwe ngeengubo zokulawula yayipinki, ebonisa ubukho bebhacteria esebenzayo ngaphakathi kwi-biofilm (umzobo 2a). Ngokwahlukileyo, i-biofilm inyangwa kunye ne-AgSols ye-AGSOLS yayiblue, ebonisa ukuba i-bacteria eseleyo kumphezulu wesikhumba sehagu sasingafanelekanga intsholongwane (umzobo 2b). I-Blofilm exutywe kunye nepinki yaqwalaselwa kwii-biofilms eziphathwe kunye nezixhobo ze-AG1 +-zibonisa ubukho bebhakteli efanelekileyo nengasebenziyo kwi-Biofilm (umzobo 2c oqukethe i-AG1 + yayiblue ngamabala apinki. Ukubonisa iindawo ezingachaphazelekanga yingubo yesilivere (umzobo 2D). Ukuxaniswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo (ipinki) kunye neendawo ezingasebenzi (iblowu) zibonise ukuba i-patch ye-PATAT yayiyi-75% esebenzayo (umzobo 2E). I-AG1 + + i-E-EdTA / impahla yokunxiba eyenziwa ngendlela efanayo kwi-oxsygen yokunxiba zetyuwa ye-AG ye-AG ye-AG ye-AF, kunye neRhafu yokusinda eyi-13% ne-14%, ngokulandelelana. Ukunxiba kwakhona kunciphise ukusebenza kwentsholongwane nge-21%. Ezi biofilms zajongwa ukuba zisebenzisa iskena ye-elektroni (i-SEM). Emva konyango ngempahla yokunxiba kunye ne-AG1 + yokunxiba, i-proudmonas aruuguuginosa yaqwalaselwa isikhumba se-porcine (umzobo 2f, ukuba zimbalwa iiseli zentsholongwane kwaye zimbalwa iiseli zentsholongwane zifunyenwe ngaphantsi. Iintsinga ze-collagen zinokuthathwa njengesakhiwo se-tiscine solusu lwe-porcine (umfanekiso 2g). Emva konyango ne-AG1 + + i-E-E-E-E-E-EMDTE / BC, i-bacteria ye-factagen kunye ne-fiber ye-fiber ye-fiben ye-collagen yabonakala (umfanekiso 2i).
Ukubonwa kwePseudmonas Aeruginosa Biofilm emva konyango lwengubo yesilivere. . Ibacteriaia ipinki, i-bacteria engafezekanga kunye nolusu lwehagu luhlaza. . I-SEM FASER BAR = 5 μm. .
Ukufumanisa ukuba unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kokunxiba kunye nee-biofilms ezichaphazele ukusebenza kwendlela yokunxiba, i-bolonial biofilms ibekwe kumgangatho we-24 emva koko wenziwe ngedayi. I-biofilm engafundanga yayiyipinki emnyama ngombala (umzobo 2j). Ngokwahlukileyo kwiingubo ze-biofilms eziphathwe ngeengubo eziqukethe ii-oxts zeoksijini (umzobo we-2k), i-biofilms ephathwe nge-AG1 + okanye i-biofilms equlathe i-AG1 + okanye i-AGNA / BC 2L, m). Lo mbhobho wepinki ubonakalisa ubukho bebhakteria esebenzayo kwaye unxulunyaniswa nendawo yokuthambisa ngaphakathi kwengubo. Ezi ndawo zithunziweyo zendawo zenza izithuba ezifileyo ezivumela iintsholongwane ngaphakathi kwi-biofilm ukuze ziphile.
Ukuvavanya ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-vivo, ubukhulu obugcweleyo obugcweleyo beempuku zosulelwe yi-S. Aures kunye ne-Aerugus kunye ne-Aerugussa biofilms zaphathwa ngolawulo lwe-biofilmicrocial kunye nokunxiba kwesilivere engaqhelekanga. Emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango, uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso ye-macroscopic wabonisa ubukhulu obuncinci xa uphathwa ngeengubo zetyuwa ze-oxygenial xa kuthelekiswa nokunxiba okungathandekiyo kunye nezinye izinto zesilivere (umzobo 3a-h). Ukuqinisekisa ezi zinto ziqwalaselwayo, amanxeba ayevunwa kwaye inxeba liye lavunwa kunye ne-retelin-tifilization ye-hematoxylin kunye ne-Eosin-i-Eosin-i-Eosin-i-Eosin-i-Eosin isebenzisa umfanekiso wesoftware ye-10 (umfanekiso 3i-l).
Isiphumo sokukhupha isilivere kwinxeba kunye nokuphinda-phinda amanxeba abosulelwe zii-biofilms. . Ukunxiba. Imifanekiso emele i-macroscopic. Amanxeba eempuku ezine-AG1 + + i-E-E-E-EDTA / BC. . Ukuqhutywa kwendawo yenxeba (m, o) kunye nepesenti yokuguqulelwa (n, p) amanxeba awosulelwe yi-pseuduugugissa (o, p) i-biofilms (i-12). Iigrafu Veeks zithetha ukuba i-SHIFAY Impazamo. * kuthetha i-p = <0.05 *** kuthetha i-p = <0.01; Isikali seMacroscopic = I-2,5 mm, isikali se-Hertological = 500 μm.
Ukuxaniswa kwendawo enamanxeba asulelwe yi-pseududuugugu biofilm (umzobo 3m), ngelixa i-AGSEALSE i-ADSE i-ADSEALS inobungakanani benxeba nge-3.1 mM2, engeyiyo yinyani. ifikelele ukubaluleka kwenkcukacha-manani (umzobo 3m). p = 0.423). Amanxeba aphathwa nge-AG1 + okanye i-AG1 + i-Edta / BC akabonisi indawo yenxeba (i-3.1 mm2 ne-3.6 mm2, ngokulandelelana). Unyango nge-OX ye-oxygenidence yokunxiba ephakanyisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kunolawulo lwe-AllImicial (34% kunye ne-15%, i-AG-+ + i-AGNA / BC (10% ne-11%) ( Umzobo 3n). . , ngokulandelelana).
Iindlela ezifanayo kwindawo yenxeba kunye ne-epithelial regeneration yaqwalaselwa kumanxeba awosulelwe yi-S. Auresus biofilms (umzobo 3o). Izinxibo eziqukethe i-onuss ye-onuss yendawo (i-2.0 mM2) nge-23% xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lokunxiba okungasebenziyo (2,6 mm2), nangona olu kuncitshiswa lungabalulekanga (P = 3.3). Ukongeza, indawo yenxeba kwiqela lonyango lwe-AG1 + lancitshiswa kancinane (2.4 mm2), ngelixa inxeba liphathwa nge-AG1 + + i-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-E-EMM ayizange inciphise indawo yenxeba (2.9 mm2). I-oxygen ye-oxygen ye-AG ikwakhuthaza ukuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlawulwe inxeba le-S. Auresus biofilm (i-31%) ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elingaphezulu (i-12%, iphe = 0.003) (umzobo 3P). I-AG1 + inxiba (i-16%, iphe = 0.903) kunye ne-AG + 1 + i-EDTA / i-EDTA / BC inxiba (i-14%, p = 0.965) ibonise amanqanaba okuphinda-phinda i-epithelial ngokufana nolawulo.
Ukubonakalisa umbono wefreyimu yesilivere kwi-bigofilm matrix, toto 1 kunye neSyto 60 I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-Idider (Fig. 4). I-toto 1 i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-DYE idayi engafakwanga iselfowuni enokusetyenziselwa ukubona ngokuchanekileyo ukubona i-acids ye-acid ye-nuclelliac, eninzi kwi-EPS ye-biofilms. I-Syto 60 sisisele se-diye esinokusetyenziswa njenge-counterbal16. Ukuqwalaselwa kweToto 1 kunye ne-Syto 60 I-I-I-I-Injoted i-biofilms ye-pseudmonas aerugissa (umzobo 4i-L) ibonisa ukuba emva kweentsuku ezintathu zokunxiba, i-EPS kwi-biofilm yancitshiswa kakhulu. Iqukethe i-betsts ye-oxygen ag kunye ne-AG1 + i-E-E-EDTA / BC. I-AG1 + yokunxiba ngaphandle kwe-Antibiofilm ye-antibiofilm incitshiswe kakhulu kwinxeba le-pseudmonas aruuguuginossa kodwa lalingasebenzi kakhulu kumanxeba awo.
I-Vivo icinga ngenxeba le-biofilm emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango ngolawulo okanye ukunxiba kwesilivere. Imifanekiso ye-confoncol ye-pseudmonas ameuguindosa (A-D) kunye ne-staphylococcus (i-L-L) ifakwe i-toto 1 (i-I-GREC) yokujonga i-acids ye-acid ye-biclelm ye-bitclelm. Ukuya kwi-IntraceLlar ye-Acid ye-Acid ye-Acids, sebenzisa i-Syto 60 (ibomvu). Acids. I-P. Skena i-Skenan microscopy yamanxeba yosulelwe yi-pseududuuguxinosa (e-h) kunye ne-staphylococm Aures (M-H) emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango. I-SEM FASER BAR = 5 μm. I-Confocal igila i-bar yebar = 50 μm.
Ukuskena i-elektroni microscopy kubonisa ukuba i-mice ifakwe kwi-bigomonies ye-biofilm ye-pseudmonas arugugossa (umzobo 4m-H) kunye neentsuku ezi-4m-H) kunye neentsuku ezi-3 zonyango ngazo zonke iingubo zesilivere.
Ukuvavanya isiphumo seziphumo zesilivere ngokususwa kwenxeba kwi-bigofilm esulelekileyo, amacandelo e-biofilm osulelekileyo aphathwa ngolawulo okanye ukunxiba isilivere kwiintsuku ezi-3 kusetyenziswa i-antirophils kunye ne-macrophas. Ukumiselwa ubungakanani be-neutrophils kunye ne-macropha imiphefumlo ngaphakathi. izicubu zegrafu. Umzobo 5). Zonke iimpahla zesilivere zinciphise inani lee-neutrophils kunye ne-macrophages enqabileyo asulelwe yi-pseududuuginos ithelekiswa nokunxiba okungasetyenziswanga kwiindawo ezintathu zonyango emva kweentsuku ezintathu zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, unyango nge-oxygening thessiver ityhefu yokuphumelela kwi-neutrophils (P = <0.0001) kunye ne-macrophages (P = <0.000) ivavanywe nezinye izinto zesilivere. Nangona i-AG1 + i-E-EDTA / BC yayinefuthe elikhulu kwi-biofilm ye-biofilm, yanciphisa amanqanaba e-neutrophil kunye namanqanaba ukuya kumgangatho omncinci kune-AG1 + yokunxiba. Amanxeba aphakathi awosulelwe nguS. Aures biofilm nayo yaqwalaselwa emva kokunxiba kunye nokunxiba kunye ne-AG (P =), i-AG1 + (P = 0.0043) I-Oxisool ithelekiswa nolawulo. Iindlela ezifanayo ziqwalaselwa kwi-neutropenia. ibhokhwe (Fig. 5k). Nangona kunjalo, kuphela i-Ogugen ye-Oggegen Eg inxibe i-Ag ye-Agute ibonakalise ukuncitshiswa kwenani le-sucrophages kwi-tishu yezixhobo ezithelekiswa namanxeba e-biofilms (P = 0.0339) (umzobo 5l).
I-Neutrophils kunye ne-rirophages zagqitywa kumanxeba asulelwe yi-pseududuugugi biofilms emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango olungenantlonelo okanye ukunxiba kwesilivere. I-Neutrophils (i-AD) kunye neMacrophages (eh) zagqitywa kumacandelo anezicubu ezinamafutha ane-antiboistis okanye i-macrophas. Ukuxaniswa kwe-neutrophils (i kunye k) kunye ne-macrophages (J kwaye l) kumanxeba awosulelwe yi-pseuduuugugussa (i) kunye ne-bitlilms. N = 12 kwiqela ngalinye. Iigrafu Vees Show Ithetha i-SHIFA NO-Impazamo yesiqhelo, amaxabiso okubaluleka xa kuthelekiswa nokunxiba okungafunekiyo, * kuthetha i-P = <0.01; <0.01; *** kuthetha i-p = <0.001; ibonisa i-p = <0.0001).
Emva koko savavanya isiphumo seziphumo zesilivere ngonyango oluzimeleyo oluzimeleyo. Amanxeba acocekileyo angawosulelekiyo anyangwa ngokunxiba okungavumiyo okanye impahla yesilivere yeentsuku ezintathu (umzobo 6). Phakathi kweengubo zesilivere kuvavanywe, kuphela amanxeba kuphela anyangwa kunye nokunxiba kwetyuwa yetyuwa kubonakala ngathi kubonakale i-macroscopic imifanekiso kunamanxeba (umzobo 6a-D). Ukuxaniswa kwendawo yenxeba kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwe-surtologin kubonisa ukuba unyango lwe-2,35 mm2 lungafikeleli kwiqela lolawulo lwe-2.96 xa kuthelekiswa ne-2.96 MM2 ngamagqabi (P = 0.488) (FIG . I-6i). Ngokwahlukileyo, akukho kuncitshiswa kwindawo yenxeba emva kokuba kujongwa emva konyango ne-AG1 + (3.38 mm2, p = + i-4.757) okanye i-4.757) okanye i-4 0.054 Ukunyusa ukubuyiselwa kwe-epithelial kuqatshelwe nge-AG AG AG AG OXLOL ithelekiswa neqela loLawulo (i-30% vs. Ukunxiba nge-oxiyors kukhuthaza ukuphinda-phindwa kwakhona. -Ukuthotywa kwamanxeba angabonakaliswanga. Ngokwahlukileyo, unyango kunye ne-AG1 + okanye i-Ag1 + i-E-Edta / impahla yokunxiba yayingenasiphumo okanye ibonakalise ukuncitshiswa kwenkqubo yokuphinda-phindwayo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.
Iziphumo zenxeba lesilivere ingubo kwinxeba lokuphilisa iimpuku ezingasebenziyo kunye nokuphela kwexabiso. . . Ukuqhutywa kwendawo yenxeba (i) kunye nepesenti ye-reepitilization (J) yabalwa ngamacandelo e-sundological kwindawo yenxeba (n = 11-12 ngeqela ngalinye lonyango). Iigrafu Veeks zithetha ukuba i-SHIFAY Impazamo. * Ithetha i-p = <0.05.
Isilivere inembali ende yokusetyenziswa njengonyango lwe-antimicrobial kwi-sull, kodwa uninzi lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kunye neendlela zokuhambisa zinokubangela ukungafani kwe-18. Ngapha koko, iipropathi ze-antibiofilm yeenkqubo ezithile zokuhambisa isilivere aziqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona imvumi yomzimba yomzimba isebenza ngokuchasene ne-bitktonic bacteria, ayisebenzi kakuhle ngokuchasene ne-biofilms19. Ibacteria ye-plarktonic idityaniswe ngokulula yi-macrophages, kodwa ngaphakathi kwi-biofilms, iiseli ezisasazwayo zibonisa iindlela ezongezelelekileyo ngokunciphisa i-apoptosis kwaye zikhuphe i-ProinFomings yokuphendula impendulo yomzimba. Iqatshelwe ukuba abanye leukicytes banokungena kwi-bitfilms21 kodwa abakwazi na ukungakwazi ukubhatala intsholongwane emva kokuba le nto ikhuselo inesibeleko22. Inkqubo epheleleyo kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuxhasa impendulo yomnyangi we-biofilm. Ityala lenxeba linokuphazamisa i-biofilm kwaye lisuse uninzi lwebhabhadiza, kodwa impendulo yamajoni omzimba isenokungasebenzi kwi-biofilm esele inyangelwe. Yiyo loo nto, unyango lwe-antimictronial olufana nengubo yesilivere lunokuxhasa impendulo yomamkeli womzimba kunye nokuphelisa usulelo lwe-biofilm. Ukuqulunqwa, uxinzelelo, ukubenzela indawo yokuhlala, kunye nokuhambisa kungayiphembelela ukusebenza kwesilivere. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yesilivere yenze ukuba ezi ndlela zokunxiba zisebenze ngakumbi9,23. Njengoko iteknoloji yeSilivere inkqubela phambili, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusebenza kwezi zinxibo zokulawula ukosuleleka kwenkungu kwaye, kubaluleke kakhulu, igalelo lale ndlela zinamandla zesilivere kunye nonyango.
Kolu phononongo, sathelekisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezimbini eziphezulu zesilivere ezihamba phambili kunye nokunxiba kwesilivere ezivelisayo ezivelisa i-AG1 + ions ngokuchasene ne-bivofilms isebenzisa eyahlukileyo kwi-vitro nakwiimodeli ze-vivo. Siphinde savavanya impembelelo yale mpahla kwindawo yenxeba kunye nonyango oluzimeleyo oluzimeleyo. Ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-Matrix yokuHanjiswa, zonke iingubo zesilivere zavavanywa zenziwe i-carboxymethylcelose.
Uvavanyo lwethu lwangaphambili lwale mpahla yesilivere nxamnye nee-biofilms ze-pseudmonas ze-pseuduuure ibonisa ukuba, ukunxiba kwezisiko eziphezulu, i-oxta / i-oxtilm ye-biofilm ingena ngaphakathi iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zokunxiba zithintela ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwe-biofilm kwi-biofilm xa kuvezwe ukuphindaphinda intsholongwane ye-pitkonic. I-AG1 + yokunxiba iqulethe i-pheride, i-therix eqhelekileyo kunye ne-matrix efana ne-AG1 + + i-EDTA / BC, kwaye inefuthe elilinganiselweyo kwi-biofilm ngexesha elinye. Ukujonga ukuba i-Ag1 + i-E-Edta / i-BC isebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene ne-biofilm kune-matrix equkayo i-biloride ye-chlorilm, njengoko ibichaziwe kwenye indawo15. Ezi ziphumo ziyayixhasa umbono wokuba i-BC kunye ne-EDTA idlala indima eyongezelelweyo yokusebenza kunye nokuba ukungabikho kweli candelo kwi-Ag1 + ekusenokwenzeka ukuba igalelo ekusebenziseni i-vitro ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Sifumanise ukuba ii-oxigen aggenings ezinxibe i-Ag2 + ne-AG3 + i-Iyon + ivalwe ukusebenza ngokuqinileyo kune-AG1 + kwaye kwinqanaba elifanayo ne-AG1 + + i-E-E-EMTA / BC. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendawo ephakamileyo ye-redox, akucaci ukuba i-Ag3 + i-IO isebenza ixesha elide kwaye isebenza ngempumelelo nxamnye neyona biofilms kwaye ke ifanele ukufundisisa. Ngapha koko, zininzi izinxibo ezahlukeneyo ezivelisa i-AG1 + ion engakhange ivavanywe kolu phando. Ezi zinto zokunxiba ziqulunqwa kwezimixholo ezahlukeneyo zesilivere, ukugxininisa, kunye nematriki ezisisiseko, ezinokuba nefuthe ekuhanjisweni kwe-AG1 + ion kunye nokusebenza kwabo ngokuchasene ne-biofilms. Kukwakufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba baninzi ngokwahlukileyo kwi-vitro kunye neemodeli ze-vivo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweendlela zokunxiba ezichasene ne-biofilms. Uhlobo lwemodeli esetyenzisiweyo, kunye netyuwa kunye neprotheyini yemithombo yeendaba esetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo, ziya kuphembelela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokunxiba. Kwimodeli yethu kwi-VIVO, savumela i-biofilm ukuba ivuthiwe kwi-vitro kwaye idlulisele kumphezulu wenxeba yenxeba. Impendulo yemoure yemouse yomzimba isebenza ngokuchasene ne-pittonkiac intsholongwane isebenza kwinxeba, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-biofilm njengoko inxeba liphilile. Ukongezwa kwe-biofilm evuthiweyo ukuya kumda wokusebenza kwempendulo ye-biofilm ngokuvumela i-bilfilm ngokuvumela inxeba ngaphambi kokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli yethu isivumela ukuba sivavanye ukusebenzela kokunxiba okuchasene ne-bimofilms ngaphambi kokuba amanxeba aqalise ukuphilisa.
Siye safumanisa ukuba ukunxiba imvakalelo yempembelelo yendlela yokunxiba yesilivere kwi-vitro-biofilms ekhulileyo kunye nolusu lwe-porcine. Ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nenxeba kuthathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ye-anticrocial yesinxibo24,25. Izinxibo eziqukethe ii-oxts zeoksijini zazinxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nee-biofilms ezivuthiweyo, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenani lebhacteli efanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-biofilm emva kweeyure ezingama-24. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa uphathwa nge-AG1 + ne-AGA1 + impahla yokunxiba, iinombolo ezibalulekileyo ze-bacteria esebenzayo. Ezi zinto zokunxiba ziqukethe ukuthambisa ecaleni kobude bendlela yonke, edala iindawo ezifileyo ezithintela ukunxibelelana kufutshane ne-biofilm. Kwisifundo se-Vitro, ezi ndawo zingaqhandileyo zithintele ukubulawa kwebhaktiriya enokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-biofilm. Sivavanye ukusebenza kwentsholongwane kuphela emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zonyango; Ixesha elingaphezulu, njengoko isinxibo sigcwele ngakumbi, kunokubakho indawo encinci efileyo, inciphisa indawo yezi bhakteria ezinokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphakamisa ukubaluleka kokuqulunqwa kwengubo, hayi nje uhlobo lwesilivere kwi-SIDRE.
Ngelixa kwi-VITROSS iluncedo ekuthelekiseni ukusebenza kwetekhnoloji yesilivere eyahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba siqonde iziphumo zale vofilms kwi-vivo, apho i-tishu yomzimba igalelo ekusebenzeni ngokuchasene ne-biofilms. Iziphumo zale ncwadi ye-biofilms yaqwalaselwa kusetyenziswa i-Synning Synscopy kunye ne-EPS ye-EPS ye-biofilm isebenzisa i-Intracellinar kunye ne-dna yedayi ye-dna. Sifumanise ukuba emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango, zonke izinxibo zazisebenza ekunciphiseni i-DNA engenasiphelo kwi-bigofilm esulelekileyo, kodwa i-AG1 + inxiba ayisebenzi kangako kwinxeba elihlaziyiweyo. Ukuskena i-elektroni yemifanekiso ye-elektroni ikwabonisa ukuba iintsholongwane ezincinci ezincinci zazikho ngamanxeba aqhutywa kunye nokunxiba kwesilivere, nangona oku kubhengezwa kakhulu kwi-OX5 + E-EDTA / BC xa kuthelekiswa ne-AG1 + yokunxiba. Ezi datha zibonisa ukuba ukunxiba kwesilivere kuvavanywe ngedigri yefuthe lempembelelo kwi-biofilm, kodwa akukho nanye yezixhobo zesilivere zakwazi ukuphelisa i-biofilm, exhasa isidingo sendlela yokufumana unyango lwe-biofilm; Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Arms yeSiliveres. Unyango lwandulelwa ngumbuyekezo lwendalo ukususa uninzi lwe-biofilm.
Amanxeba angapheliyo ahlala ekwimeko yokupheliswa kakhulu, eneeseli ezigqithisileyo ezisele kwinxeba ixesha elide, ebangela ioksijini efunekayo ye-metabolism efanelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi kwinxeba le-nound26. I-biofilms yandisa le meko inobutshaba ichaphazela kakubi ukuphiliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthintelwa kokupheliswa kweseli kunye nokufuduka kwe-criffines27. Njengoko isilivere yokunxiba sisebenza ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda impembelelo abanayo kwindawo yenxeba kunye nokuphiliswa.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, nangona yonke impahla yesilivere ichaphazele ukwenziwa kwe-biofilm, i-oxygening cygeds ityuwa yetyuwa yayongeza ukuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlawulwe amanxeba asulelwe. Ezi datha zixhasa iziphumo zethu zangaphambili17 kunye neKalan et al. .
Isifundo sethu sangoku sibalaselisa umahluko kwitekhnoloji yesilivere phakathi kokunxiba isilivere kunye nefuthe le teknoloji kwindawo yenxeba kunye nonyango oluzimeleyo oluzimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zahlukile kwizifundo zangaphambili ezibonisa ukuba i-AG1 + + i-Edta / i-BC inxiba iphuculwe iParameter yeeNcwadi eziPhononongiweyo kwiVivo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba ngenxa yokwahluka kwiimodeli zezilwanyana, amaxesha okulinganisa, kunye neendlela zokufunda zentsholongwane29. Kule meko, imilinganiselo yenxeba yathatyathwa kwiintsuku ezili-12 emva kokwenzakala ukuvumela izithako ezisebenzayo zokunxiba ukwenza i-biofilm ixesha elide. Oku kuxhaswa sisifundo esibonisa ukuba izilonda zomlenze osulelekileyo osulelekileyo ziphathwe kunye ne-AG1 + + i-E-Edta / i-E-E-EMDE / BC ekuqaleni yonyango e-AGA2 + i-E-Edta / BC kwaye kwiiveki ezi-4 ze Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingezizo. iziyobisi. Ukuchongwa kwe-CMC ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-ilcers30.
Iifom ezithile kunye nokugxininiswa kwesilivere ngaphambili bekuboniswe ukuba ibe yi-cytotouch kwi-vitro 11, kodwa ezi ziphumo ze-vitro azisoloko ziguqulela kwimiphumo emibi kwi-Vivo. Ukongeza, inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yesilivere kunye nokuqonda okungcono kwesilivere kunye nokugxininiswa kwezixhobo ezikhokelayo kukhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kweengubo ezininzi ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengeyona teknoloji yeSilivere inkqubela phambili, kubalulekile ukuqonda ifuthe lezi zinto zokunxiba kwindawo yendawo yenxeba31,32,33. Kwakunikwa ingxelo yokuba inqanaba elinyukayo lokuphinda-phindelwa kwakhona lihambelana nenani elongezelelweyo lokulwa i-anti-infrophages m2 macrofage xa ithelekiswa ne-pro-infratyme m1 qanotype. Oku kwakuqatshelwa kwimodeli yangaphambili yemouse apho i-hydrogel ye-hydrogl ye-hydrog ye-chall ithelekiswa ne-sliver yesilivere kunye ne-challicrogial hydrogels34.
Amanxeba angapheliyo anokukubonisa ukuvuvukala okugqithisileyo kwaye uqaphele ukuba ubukho beendlela zokugqithisa zinokuba yingozi yokuphilisa ukuphiliswa kwenxeba. Kwisifundo kwiimpuku eziphekwe yi-neutrophil, ubukho bezitrofili ze-neutofils zayibamba. Ubukho be-neutropils ogqithisileyo kukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu eeprosesa kunye neentlobo ze-OXYGENS, ezinje nge-sudroxide kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide, enxulunyaniswa nenxeba elingagungqiyo kunye nelokucothiswayo. Ngokukwanjalo, ukwanda kweenombolo ze-macrophage, ukuba akuchazwanga, kungakhokelela ekuphiliseni ukuphiliswa kwenxeba ngonyango39. Olu nyuso lubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba i-macrophages ayikwazi ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-pro-infratype e-pro-i-pro-i-pro-prootype, kukhokelela kumanxeba asilele ukuphuma kwinqanaba lokuphilisa le-inflammatory. Siye sajonga ukwehla kwe-neutrophils kunye ne-macrophas enkunkuma esulelekileyo emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zonyango ngazo zonke iingubo zesilivere, kodwa ukwehla kwazo zabizwa ngokuba ziingubo zetyuwa zetyuwa. Oku kuncipha kunokuba sisiphumo ngqo sempendulo yomzimba kwisilivere, impendulo kwi-bibydaren, okanye inxeba elikwinqanaba lokuphiliswa kwaye ngenxa yoko ukhuselwe kwinxeba lokuncitshiswa. Ukunciphisa inani leeseli zokukhuthaza amanxeba kwinxeba kunokugcina imeko elungele ukuphiliswa. Indlela yokusebenza yendlela ye-AIG ikhuthaza ukuba iphilise i-oxyshalts iphakamisa iphiko losulelo alucacanga, kodwa i-Agdugeal Peroxige, iphinde ichaze amanqanaba ayolisayo, anokuchaza le nto kwaye ifuna ukuqhubeka nofundo17.
Ukunganyangekiyo okunganyangekiyo kwawosuleleka kubonise ingxaki kuzo zombini ogqirha kunye nezigulana. Nangona izinxibo ezininzi zibanga ukusebenza kakuhle, uphononongo kunqabile kugxile kwezinye iimeko eziphambili ekuphembelele i-MicrovenveIalvialvialvierodervialvirodervialvieroder. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba itekhnoloji eyahlukileyo yesilivere isebenza ngokusebenza kakuhle kwaye, ngokubaluleke, ezahlukeneyo, kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yenxeba kunye nonyango oluzimeleyo. Nangona ezi zinto e-vitro naseVivi Bonisa ukusebenza kwezi zinxibo zokunyanga usulelo lwenxeba kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphiliswa, iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungacwangciswangayo ziyafuneka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezi zinto kwikliniki.
Iidatha ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye / okanye zihlaziywe ngexesha lophononongo lwangoku ziyafumaneka kumbhali ohambelana nesicelo esifanelekileyo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-15-2024