Iingcali kufuneka zibe nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuqiqa zeklinikhi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, ezikhuselekileyo zezonyango kwaye zithintela ukuziqhelanisa. Izakhono eziphuhliswe kakuhle zeklinikhi zinokulalanisa ukhuseleko lwezigulana kunye nonyango lokulibaziseka okanye unyango, ngakumbi kumasebe kaxakeka. Uqeqesho olusekwe ngokusetyenziswa lusebenzisa incoko yokufunda elandelayo emva kokulinganisa njengendlela yokungakhathali yokukhulisa izakhono zokuqiqa kwezopolitiko ngelixa ugcina ukhuseleko lwezigulana. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yohlobo oluninzi lohlobo lokuqiqa kweklinikhi, umngcipheko onokubakho wokulayishwa kwengqondo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okwahlukileyo kweenkqubo zokuqiqelwa kweklinikhi Qwalasela amava, ubuchule, izinto ezinxulumene nokuhamba kunye nesandi solwazi, kwaye bubunzima bokukhumbula iKliniki yokuqiqa ngokubonisa intetho yeqela emva kokulinganisa njengendlela yokulinganisa. Injongo yethu kukuchaza ukuphuculwa kwemodeli yencoko yababini yokufunda emva kokufunda ethatha izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukufezekiswa kweklinikhi yokuqiqa.
Iqela loyilo lokuyila Iqela loyilo olusebenzayo liphuhlise imodeli ngenkqubo yethiyori kunye nengqondo kunye nokuphononongwa koontanga boontanga boomatshini. Ukudityaniswa ngokuhambelana ne-Plus / thabatha yophando lophando kunye ne-teknoloji ye-bloom ye-bloom ngokukholelwa ukuba uqinisekisile ukuqiqa abathathi-nxaxheba kwekliniki ngelixa bethatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokulinganisa. I-Index ye-Occinoty yomxholo (i-CVI) kunye neendlela zokusebenza ze-racioty (cvr) zisetyenziselwa ukumisela ubume bobuso kunye nobunyani bemodeli.
Imodeli yencoko yababini yokufunda ye-STOREAUM yokufunda yaphuhliswa kwaye yavavanywa. Imodeli ixhaswa yimizekelo esebenzayo kunye nokhokela isikhokelo. Ubuso kunye nomxholo wobuso bemodeli zavavanywa kwaye zaqinisekiswa.
Imodeli entsha yoyilo yenziwa ithathela ingqalelo izakhono kunye nezakhono zabathathi-nxaxheba ezahlukeneyo zemodeli, ukuhamba kunye nobunzima bolwazi, kunye nobunzima bamatyala eemodeli. Ezi zinto zicingelwa ukuba zikhusela ukuqiqa kweklinikhi xa kuthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokutholiswa kweqela.
Ukuqiqa kweklinikhi kuthathwa njengesiseko solonwabo lweklinikhi kwiinkathalo zezempilo [1, 2] kunye nenqaku elibalulekileyo lobuchule bekliniki [1, 3, 4]. Yinkqubo yokubonisa esetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokumilisela eyona nto ingenelelo efanelekileyo kwimeko nganye yezonyango abadibana [5, 6]. Ukuqiqa kweklinikhi kuchazwa njengenkqubo yengqondo yengqondo esebenzisa iindlela zokucinga ezisesikweni nezingekho sesikweni zokuhlanganisana nokuhlalutya ulwazi malunga nesigulana, kwaye sivavanye ukubaluleka kwendlela yezinye izifundo [7, 8]. Kuxhomekeka ekubeninakho ukuqokelela imikhondo, inkqubo yenkqubo, kwaye uyiqonde ingxaki yesigulana ukuze uthathe isenzo esifanelekileyo kwisigulana esifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nesizathu esifanelekileyo [9, 10].
Bonke ababoneleli bezempilo bajamelene nemfuno yokwenza izigqibo ezintsonkothileyo kwiimeko zokungaqiniseki eziphezulu [11]. Kumsebenzi wokhathalelo oluphangaleleyo kunye nenkqubo yokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo, iimeko zekliniki kunye nemeko yexesha likaxakeka ziyavela apho impendulo kunye nongenelelo lubalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olunesimo [12]. Izakhono zokuqiqa ezihlwempuzekileyo kunye nobuchule bokukhathalela okukhulu zinxulunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu eziphoso zekliniki, ukulibaziseka ekukhathaleni okanye kwi-13,15,16]. Ukuthintela iimpazamo ezisebenzayo, iingcali kufuneka zibe nobuchule kwaye zibe nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuqiqa zeklinikhi zokwenza izigqibo ezikhuselekileyo nezifanelekileyo [16, 17, 18]. Inkqubo yokuqiqa engekhoyo (intutive) yenkqubo ekhawulezayo ebalwe ngabasebenzi abaziingcali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo zokuhlaziya (i-hypotheticative) yokuqiqa) ihamba kancinci, ngakumbi, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa ngabazi zinamava [2, 19, 20]. Ngenxa yobunzima bemeko yeklinikhi yezempilo kunye nomngcipheko onokubakho wokuziqhelanisa neempazamo [ezili-14,15,16], imfundo esekwe kwi-14,15,16], iMfundo esekwe kwiFebe (SBE) ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngobuchule kunye nezakhono zokuqiqeka. Indawo ekhuselekileyo kunye nokuvezwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinzima ngelixa ugcina ukhuseleko lwezigulana [21, 22, 23, 24].
Uluntu olusempilweni (i-SSS) ichaza ukulinganisa njengoko "itekhnoloji eyenza imeko okanye imeko apho abantu bafumana khona imeko yeziganeko zokwenyani ngenjongo yokuziqhelanisa, uqeqesho, okanye ukuvavanywa kweenkqubo zabantu okanye indlela yokuziphatha. " . I-SBE iphucula amava obukrelekrele, ukubhengeza abafundi amava okukrelekrele abanokuthi bakwazi ukuba namava kwiimeko zononophelo zoguli [24, 29]. Oku kungasongeli, ukusongela, ukhuseleko, indawo ekhuselekileyo, yokufunda esemngciphekweni. Ikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kolwazi, izakhono zeklinikhi, ubuchule, ubuchule bokucinga okuqinisekileyo kunye nokuqiqa kweklinikhi [22,39,30,31] kwaye zinokunceda ubuchule bokufunda [22, 27, 28] . , 30, 32].
Ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa okusebenzayo kwezakhono zokuqiqa kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngeSBE, ingqwalaselo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuyilo, itemplate, kunye nesakhiwo senkqubo yokungafuduki emva kwesifo. Ingxoxo yokufunda emva kokusebenza (i-RLC) yasetyenziswa njengendlela yokunceda ukunceda abathathi-nxaxheba, ukucacisa isenzo, kunye nokusebenzisa amandla enkxaso yoontanga kunye neqela lemicimbi yeqela [32, 33, 36]. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-RLCs zeqela kuthwala umngcipheko onokubakho wokuqiqa okungagungqiyo kweklinikhi, ngakumbi ngokunxulumene nobuchule bokwahluka kunye namanqanaba ohlukeneyo abathathi-nxaxheba. Imodeli yayo ezimbini ichaza ubume bobuninzi bokuqiqa kunye nolwahluko kubuchule beenkqubo eziphezulu zokusebenzisa uhlalutyo (i-hypothetive) yokuqiqa (i-34]. ]. Ezi nkqubo ziphikisayo zibandakanya umngeni wokufezekisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuqiqa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye akucacanga kwaye ungaphikisi ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo iindlela zokuhlalutya kunye ne-junior kwiqela elinemodeli. Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye nabasebenzi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo abasebenza kubuchule bakhe kunye namava amanqanaba athatha inxaxheba kwimozulu yokulinganisa yokutshintsha kobunzima [34, 37]. Uhlobo oluninzi lokuqiqa kweklinikhi lunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko onokubakho kwiklinikhi yeklinikhi engahleliyo kunye nengqondo, ngakumbi xa iingcali ezithatha inxaxheba kwiqela kunye namanqanaba ophantsi [38]. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nangona kukho inani leemodeli ze-defeising esebenzisa i-RLC, akukho nanye kwezi modeli yenziwe ngogxininiso oluthile kuphuhliso lwezakhono zokuqikelela, zithathe inxaxheba kumava, kunye nesandi solwazi, kwaye Ukulinganisa izinto ezinzima [38]. ]. , 39]. Konke oku kufuna ukuba kuphuhliswe imodeli elungelelanisiweyo ethabatha iminikelo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukuqiniswa kokuqiqa kweklinikhi, ngelixa kubandakanya i-RLC ye-RLC njengendlela yokunika ingxelo. Sichaza inkqubo yethiyori kunye nenyani yokuqhutywa ngengqondo yokuyilwa kwentsebenzo kunye nophuhliso lwe-RLC-rolc yeposi. Yaphuhliswa imodeli yokwandisa izakhono zokuqikelela kweklinikhi ngexesha lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiSBE, kuthathelwa ingqalelo uluhlu olubanzi lokuqhutywa kunye nokuphembelela izinto ezikukhathazayo.
Imodeli ye-RLC yasemva kwe-RLC yaqulunqwa ngokusekwe ngokubambisana kwiimodeli esele zikhona kunye nethiyori yeklinikhi, imfundo yokufunda, imfundo kunye neSimolation. Ukuhlakulela ngokudibeneyo imodeli, iqela elisebenzayo lokusebenza (N = 18) lasekwa, kubandakanya abongikazi abali-10, i-towovist enye, kunye nabameli abathathu ababekhe bafaka esibhedlele, amava kunye nesini. ICandelo loKhathalelo oluBanzi liBanzi, abancedisi be-2 boPhando kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho abaPhezulu abayi-2. Le uyilo lwe-Inzuziso yenziwa kwaye iphuhliswe ngentsebenzo yoontanga phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo ngamava empilo, nokuba abanye bezempilo abachaphazelekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwemodeli ecetywayo okanye abanye abachaphazelekayo abanjengezigulana [40,42]. Kubandakanywa abameli boguli kwinkqubo yoyilo enokuphinda bongeze ixabiso kule nkqubo, njengoko eyona njongo yalo program kukuphucula ukhathalelo lwezigulana nokhuseleko [43].
Iqela elisebenzayo liqhuba iindibano zocweyo ezi-2 ukuya kwezilixa ukuphuhlisa ulwakhiwo, iinkqubo kunye nomxholo wemodeli. Iworkshop ibandakanya ingxoxo, ukuziqhelanisa nokulinganisa. Izinto zemodeli zisekwe kuluhlu lwezixhobo zobungqina, iimodeli, iithiyori kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Oku kubandakanya: Inqaku le-Intercast Retivist [i-34], umxholo we-37], isimo sekliniki iOp [10], indlela yokubuza imibuzo (i-45], indlela yokunika ingxelo [46]. Imodeli yayiye yaphuhliswa ngokusekwe kwimigangatho yoo-Aicsl yoo-MACSL ye-AITSL yeKliniki yeKliniki [36] kwaye yadityaniswa nemizekelo esebenzayo yokwenza imodeli yokuzicacisa. Imodeli yaphuhliswa ngamanqanaba amane: Ukulungiselela i-Blooring yokufunda yokufunda emva kokulinganisa, ukuqaliswa kwengxoxo yokufunda yokufunda, uhlalutyo / ukucingisisa (umzobo 1). Iinkcukacha zenqanaba ngalinye zixutyushwa ngezantsi.
Inqanaba lokulungiselela le modeli yenzelwe ukubaleka ngokwengqondo ilungiselela abathathi-nxaxheba kwinqanaba elilandelayo kwaye banyuse ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo ngokuphathwayo kunye notyalo-mali ngelixa beqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokwengqondo [36, 47]. Eli nqanaba libandakanya intshayelelo kwinjongo kunye neenjongo; ixesha elilindelweyo le-RLC; ukulindela kombhexeshi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha le-RLC; Ukuqhelaniswa nokuqhelaniswa kwezatifikethi kunye nokuseta kweSifo; Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yimfihlo kwindawo yokufunda, kunye nokwanda kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko ngokwengqondo. Ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zimele iQela eliSebenzayo zithathelwa ingqalelo ngexesha lophuhliso lwangaphambi kophuhliso lwemodeli ye-RLC. Inxaxheba 7: ihlonitshwe. Kwaye ukuba ndingakuphepha ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiincoko emva kokubekwa. "Zikhuselwe kwaye akuyi kubakho ziphumo." Abathathi-nxaxheba 4: Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwiincoko zokufunda. "
Amanqanaba okuqala kwimodeli ye-RLC ibandakanya ukukhangela iimvakalelo zomthathi-nxaxheba, echaza iinkqubo ezisisiseko kunye nokuchonga imeko, kunye nokudwelisa amava afanelekileyo anomdla nawabi, kodwa hayi uhlalutyo. Imodeli kweli nqanaba idalwe ukwenzela ukubakhuthaza abaviwa ukuba bazisebenze- kwaye bajolise kwimisebenzi, kunye nokulungiselela ngengqondo ngohlalutyo olunzulu kunye nokucingisisa okunzulu [24, 36]. Injongo kukunciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho wokulayisha okuqondayo [48], ngakumbi kwabo bakwintsha kwisihloko semodeli kwaye abanawo amava okukhwela / isihloko [49]. Ukubuza abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bachaze ngokufutshane ityala elimiselweyo kwaye benze iingcebiso malunga nokuqonda ukuba abafundi kwiqela banesigaba esisisiseko seqela / sokubonisa. Ukongeza, ukumema abathathi-nxaxheba kweli nqanaba ukuze babelane nabanye ngeemvakalelo zabo kwiimeko ezibekiweyo baya kubanceda boyise uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, ngaloo ndlela bakomeleze ukufunda [24, 36]. Ukujongana nemicimbi yeemvakalelo kuya kunceda uMbhexeshi we-RLC aqonda ukuba iimvakalelo zabathathi-nxaxheba zichaphazela njani ukusebenza komntu ngamnye kunye neqela, kwaye oku kungaxoxwa ngokunzulu ngexesha lokucingisisa / ukuhlaziywa kwenqanaba. Indlela yokudibanisa / i-Delta yakhiwe kwesi sigaba semodeli njengelinyathelo lokulungiselela kunye nenqanaba lokuthatha isigqibo seSigaba sokuHlobo / iSigaba sokuHlaziya [46]. Ukusebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa / i-Delta, bobabini abathathi-nxaxheba banokucwangcisa / badwelise / badwelise ukuboniswa kwabo, iimvakalelo kunye namava okulinganisa, enokuthi emva koko iphakanyiswe malunga nenqaku [46]. Oku kuyanceda abathathi-nxaxheba bafezekise imeko ye-metacociow ngokusebenzisa amathuba okufunda kwaye abeka phambili ukwenza amandla okuqiqa [24, 48, 49]. Ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zimele iqashiso livela kwiqela elisebenzayo le-CO-IYIQINISEKELWE NGOPHUHLISO LWEXESHA LOKUFUNDA Imodeli ye-RLC. Abathathi-nxaxheba 2: Ndiphakamisa lo mbandela ngenxa yokuba ngexesha lokwamkelwa kwam ndabona amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, ngakumbi phakathi kwabasebenzi ababalulekileyo. neemeko zongxamiseko. Le modeli kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo uxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene nokulinganisa amava. " Ithatha inxaxheba 13: Iindawo zophuculo. "
Nangona amanqanaba emodeli ebaluleke kakhulu, uhlalutyo lwenqanaba / lokucingisisa yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni inkqubo yokuqiqa kweklinikhi. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngohlalutyo / i-synthesis kunye nohlalutyo olunzulu olusekwe kumava eekliniki, ubuchule, kunye nefuthe lezihloko ezimodyuliweyo; Inkqubo ye-RLC kunye nesakhiwo; isixa solwazi esinikiweyo ukunqanda ukulayishwa kwengqondo; Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemibuzo ebonakalayo. Iindlela zokufumana ukufunda ngokugxilayo kunye nokusebenza ngokusebenzayo. Okwangoku, amava obukrelekrele kunye nokuqhelana nezihloko zokulinganisa zahlulwe zangamacandelo amathathu okulungiselela amava ahlukeneyo amava, abokuqala: AMALUNGISELELO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA, Okwesibini: Akukho namnye. Ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kwemodeli yezihloko. Okwesithathu: Amava oqeqesho lwekliniki, ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Ukuvezwa kwengcali / kwangaphambi kokubonisa imodeli yezihloko. Ukwahlulwa kwenziwa ukulungiselela iimfuno zabantu abanamava ahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba okusebenza kweli qela inye, ngaloo ndlela balungelelanisa utyekelo lwamava okusebenzisa uhlalutya [19, 20, 34]. , 37]. Inkqubo ye-RLC yakhiwe malunga nomjikelo wokuqiqa kwekliniki [10], isakhelo esibonakalayo semodeli [47], kwaye sinayo ithiyori yokufunda ngamava [50]. Oku kufezekiswa ngenani leenkqubo: ukutolika, umahluko, unxibelelwano, ukungabikho, ukungabikho kunye neSynthesi.
Ukuthintela ukufihlakaliswa kwengqondo, ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuthetha yomfundi kunye neyokubonisa enexesha elaneleyo kunye namathuba abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babonakalise, bahlalutye, kwaye baqeqeshelwe ukuzithemba. Iinkqubo zengqondo ngexesha le-RLC ziqwalaselwa ngokudityaniswa, ukungqinisisa, ukubekwa, kunye neenkqubo zokudibanisa ngokusekwe kwi-thessication upop [38] kunye nethiyori yengqondo. Ukuba nenkqubo yengxoxo ehleliweyo kwaye kuvumele ixesha elaneleyo lokucingisisa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo abathathi-nxaxheba abanamava, kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho wokufumana umthwalo wengqondo, ukubonakalisa amanqanaba abathathi-nxaxheba. Emva kwento. Indlela yokubonisa imodeli ebonakalayo isekwe kwimodeli ye-bloom ye-bloom [51] kunye nendlela yombulelo (i-AI) (i-AI) [45], apho umntu omodareyitha afike kumxholo kwinqanaba ngalinye, intlalo kunye neyona ndlela. Buza imibuzo, ukuqala ngemibuzo esekwe yolwazi. kunye nezakhono zokulungisa kunye nemicimbi enxulumene nokuqiqa. Le ndlela yokubuza imibuzo iza kuphucula impumelelo yokuqiqa kweklinikhi ngokukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwenxaxheba kunye nokucinga okuqhubela phambili ngomngcipheko omncinci wengqondo. Ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zimele iqela elisebenzayo lithathelwa ingqalelo ngexesha lohlalutyo / ukucingisisa kwenkqubo yemodeli ye-RLC. Inxaxheba 13: . Ulwazi. Ukuqalisa incoko kunye nezakhono, emva koko ukufudukela kumanqanaba aphezulu olwazi kunye nezakhono zokufezekisa ulwazi ngemetakot. " Inxaxheba 9: Isigaba sokungakhathali semodeli yemodeli yokushwankathela amanqaku okufunda akhuliswe ngexesha le-RLC kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iinjongo zokufunda ziyafezekiswa. Abathathi-nxaxheba 8: "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bobabini umfundi kunye nomququzeleli abavumelana kwezona zimvo zibalulekileyo kunye neenkalo eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usiya kuziqhelanisa."
Ethical approval was obtained under protocol numbers (MRC-01-22-117) and (HSK/PGR/UH/04728). Imodeli yavavanywa kwizifundo ezintathu zononophelo olunobuchule bokhathalelo lokhathalelo lokukhathalela ukuvavanya ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwemodeli. Ubuso bobuso bemodeli bavavanywa ngeqela elisebenzayo lokuyilo (n = 18) kunye neengcali zezemfundo ezisebenza njengabalawuli bezemfundo (N = 6) Ukulungisa imiba enxulumene nembonakalo, igrama, kunye nenkqubo. Emva kobuso obusemthethweni, ubunyani boomongikazi bagqitywa ngabafundisi-ntsapho abaphezulu (n = 6) abaqinisekiswe ziziko le-American landle, i-ANCC) kwaye basebenza njengabacwangcisi bemfundo, kwaye (n = Amava okufundisa. Amava omsebenzi Uvavanyo lwaqhutywa ngabalawuli bezemfundo (n = 6). Amava omodeli. Ukunyaniseka komxholo bekumiselwe kusetyenziswa i-racio yokusebenza komxholo (i-CVR) kunye nesalathiso sendalo (i-CVI). Indlela yeMithetho [52] yayisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela i-CVI, kunye nendlela ye-Waltz naseBasesell [53] yayisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela i-CVR. Iiprojekthi zeCVR ziyimfuneko, ziluncedo, kodwa azimfuneko okanye zinokukhetha. I-CVI ifunyenwe kwinqanaba lemanqaku amane ngokubhekisele kwi-tociction enokubaluleka, ukulula, kunye nokucaciswa, nge-1 = ihambelana ne-2 = ichaphazelekayo, ihambelana ne-4 = ifanelekile kakhulu. Emva kokuqinisekisa ubuso kunye nomxholo, ukongeza kwiindibano zocweyo, ukuqhelaniswa nezifundo kunye neeseshoni zokuqhelaniswa nezifundo kwenziwa kootitshala abaza kusebenzisa imodeli.
Iqela lomsebenzi lakwazi ukuphuhlisa kwaye kuvavanye imodeli ye-RLC ye-RLC yokukhuthaza izakhono zokuqikelela kweklinikhi ngexesha lokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-SBE kwiiYunithi zoKhathalelo oluBanzi (amanani 1, 2, kunye ne-3). I-CVR = 1.00, CVI = 1.00, ibonisa ubuso obufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule obunobuchule [52, 53].
Imodeli yenzelwe iqela leSBE, apho imeko echulumancileyo nenomngeni isetyenziselwa abathathi-nxaxheba abanamava afanayo okanye ahlukeneyo amava, ulwazi kunye nobukhulu. Imodeli yengqingi ye-RLC yaphuhliswa ngokwemigangatho yokuhlaziya i-Inacsl Ukuhlaziya [i-36] kwaye igxile kumfundi nokuzichaza, kubandakanya imizekelo esebenzayo (amanani 1, 2 no-3). Imodeli yahlulwa ngokulandelelana yaza yahlulahlulwa yangamanqanaba amane okuhlangabezana nemigangatho yemilinganiselo: ukuqala ngokuthimba, ilandelwa luhlalutyo lohlalutyo / i-synthesis, kunye nesishwankathelo. Ukuthintela umngcipheko onokubakho wengqondo, inqanaba ngalinye lemodeli lenziwe ngokufanelekileyo njengemfuneko yesigaba [34].
Impembelelo yobukhulu kunye neengqiniso zeqela ngokuvumanayo ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwi-RLC azange zifundwe [38]. Ukuthathela ingqalelo iikhonsepthi ezisebenzayo ze-loop kabini kunye nengqondo engaphezulu kokulinganisa [34, 37], kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo kwiqela leSBE namanqanaba ahlukeneyo abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela elinye lokulinganisa kulucelomngeni. Ukutyeshela ivolumu yolwazi, ukuhamba kunye nolwakhiwo lokufunda, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kwiinkqubo zengqondo ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo ngesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye ne-18, 38, 46]. Ezi zinto zazenziwa zithathelwe ingqalelo xa iphuhlisa imodeli ye-RLC ukuthintela ukungaphuhli kwaye / okanye okanye ukuqiqa kweklinikhi [18, 38]. Kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ukuba ukuqhuba i-RLC ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko kunye nobuchule obubangela isiphumo solawulo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abahamba phambili bethanda ukuphepha ukufunda iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko, ekubaluleke kakhulu kubathathi-nxaxheba abancinci ukuze bafumane ulwazi malunga neenkqubo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuqiqa [38, 47]. Imodeli ye-RLC yenzelwe ukubandakanya abongikazi nabasezantsi ngoncedo loxabiso kunye nendlela yeDelta indlela [45, 45, 46, 51]. Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela, iimbono zabathathi-nxaxheba abaPhakathi nabaPhakathi kunye namaNqanaba ahlukeneyo aya kuziswa ngento yento kwaye baxoxwe ngokunyaniseka kwimodareyitha ye-deferasing kunye ne-CO-Momerators [45, 51]. Ukongeza kwigalelo labathathi-nxaxheba lokulinganisa, umququzeleli wokuziphatha otyhafileyo wongeza igalelo labo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto eziqokelelweyo zigubungela kakhulu umzuzu ngamnye wokufunda [10].
Ukuhamba kolwazi kunye nokufunda indlela yokufunda usebenzisa imodeli ye-RLC kuyothusa ngenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo. Oku kukunceda abaququzeleli babantu abangahloneli gwenxa kwaye baqinisekise ukuba umntu ngamnye othatha inxaxheba uthetha ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokuzithemba kwinqanaba ngalinye ngaphambi kokuba afike kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Imodareyitha iya kuba nakho ukuqalisa iingxoxo ezibonakalayo apho bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bathathe inxaxheba khona, kwaye bafikelela kwinqaku apho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo avumelana kwi-38]. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kuya kunceda abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye banobuchule abathathi-nxaxheba babelane ngegalelo / abakuqapheleyo, ngelixa igalelo / iminikelo yabafundi abanamava kwaye enobuchule iya kuvavanywa kwaye ixoxwe [38]. Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa le njongo, abaququzeleli kuya kufuneka bajamelane nocelomngeni lokulinganisa ukubhala nokubonelela ngamathuba alinganayo kubathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu nabaseJunior. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, indlela yemodeli yemodeli yaphuhliswa ngenjongo yokusebenzisa imodeli ye-bloom ye-bloom, edibanisa uvavanyo loVavanyo kunye neNdawo eyi-45, 51]. Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela kunye nokuqalisa ngolwazi kunye nokuqonda imibuzo ekugxilwe kuyo / yokubonisa ukuba iingxoxo ziya kukhuthaza abathathi-nxaxheba abanganamava ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwingxoxo, emva kokuba umququzeleli ahambe aye kwinqanaba lemibuzo / iingxoxo Apho omabini amaqela afanele anike abantu abakhululi kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abathatha inxaxheba kwithuba elilinganayo lokuthatha inxaxheba ngokusekwe kumava abo angaphambili kunye namava anezakhono zeklinikhi okanye iimeko ezidaliweyo. Le ndlela iya kunceda abathathi-nxaxheba abanamava abanamava abathatha inxaxheba ngenkuthazo kwaye baxhamle kumava aqubisana nabathathi-nxaxheba abanamava kunye nokufakwa komququzeleli wokungazithembi. Kwelinye icala, imodeli yenzelwe kungekuphela nje ngenxa ye-sbes eyahlukeneyo kunye namava amava, kodwa nakwi-SBE yeqela labathathi-nxaxheba ngamanqanaba afanayo nobuchule. Imodeli yenzelwe ukuqhuba lula intshukumo egudileyo necweyo kwiqela kugxilwe kulwazi kunye nokuqonda kugxilwe kwi-synthesi kunye novavanyo lokufezekisa iinjongo zokufunda. Isakhiwo semodeli kunye neenkqubo zenzelwe ukulungela amaqela okubeka imodeli yobuchule obahlukeneyo kunye namava amava.
Ukongeza, nangona uSBE kwimpilo edibeneyo ne-RLC isetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ukuqiqa kunye nobuchule kwiingcali [22.30,38], nangona kunjalo, izinto ezinokubakho zengqondo ezinokugcwala kwengqondo, ngakumbi Xa abathathi-nxaxheba babandakanya iimeko ze-SBE ezintsonkothileyo, abagula kakhulu bafuna ungenelelo kwangoko kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo [2,18,37,38,47]. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo umkhwa wabathathi-nxaxheba bobabini abanamava ukuba batshintshele ngaxeshanye phakathi kweenkqubo zokuhlalutya kunye nokungahlalukiyo xa kusenziwa iSBE, kunye nokuncinci Abafundi bathathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ke, imodeli yenzelwe ngendlela yokuba, nokuba bububuhlungu betyala elimiswe, umbhexeshi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ulwazi lolwazi kunye nolwazi lwangemva luqala ukugutyungelwa Lungiselela uhlalutyo. synthesis kunye nokuqonda. umboniso woVavanyo. Oku kuya kunceda abafundi abancinci bakhe kwaye badibanise oko bakufundile, kwaye bancede abafundi abadala baqokelele kwaye baphuhlise ulwazi olutsha. Oku kuyakuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuqiqa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amava aphambi kokuthatha inxaxheba, kwaye ube nefomathi ngokubanzi ehambelana ne-tetals yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye ne-Junior High Auden, i-Junior Pight, ngaloo ndlela Ukuqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo yokuqiqa kweklinikhi.
Ukongeza, abaququzeleli beempepho / ii-ofiances zinokuba nzima kunokuba nzima kwizakhono zokufumana i-symultion. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikripthi zokuzithemba kwengqondo kuyikholelwa ukuba isebenze kakuhle ekuphuculeni ukufunyanwa kolwazi kunye nezakhono zokuziphatha zabaququzeleli xa kuthelekiswa nezo ezingasebenzisi zicelo [54]. Imeko sisixhobo sokuqonda esinokuthi siququzelele umsebenzi wokumodaya kootitshala kunye nokuphucula izakhono zokuziphatha gwenxa, ngakumbi ootitshala abasadibanisa amava abo okuba ngabom [55]. fezekisa ubisi olukhulu kwaye luphuhlise iimodeli zabasebenzisi. (Umzobo 2 kunye nomfanekiso 3).
Ukudityaniswa okufanayo kwe-Plus / Delta, iSavamithi yoNcedo, kunye neeNdawo zeDolophu yeBloom ye-Bloom engekalungiswa kuhlalutsho oluya kuqhutywa kunye nokubonisa. Ukudityaniswa kwezi ndlela kubalaselisa ubuchule bemodeli ye-RLC, apho ezi ndlela zidityanisiwe kwifomathi enye yokufezekisa ukuqiqa kweklinikhi kunye nokugxila komfundi. Oogqirha bezonyango banokuxhamla kwiqela lokulinganisa uSB usebenzisa imodeli ye-RLC ukuphucula kunye nokwandisa ubuchule bokuqiqa abathathi-nxaxheba. Imeko yemodeli inokunceda ootitshala ukuba bakwazi ukwenza inkqubo yokubonakalisa ubuchule kwaye bomeleze izakhono zabo ukuba bazithemba kwaye banobuchule bokuziphatha.
I-SBE inokubandakanya izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezifanayo kunye neendlela zendlela, kubandakanya kodwa zingapheleli kwi-SBEquin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe kwi-Mennequin-esekwe,, i-mototors yomsebenzi, izigulana ezisemgangathweni, inyani, i-vilet kunye nokohliswa kwenyani. Ukujonga oko kwengxelo yenye yeendlela zokubonisa imodeli ebalulekileyo, imodeli ye-RLC eyenziwe ye-RLC inokusetyenziswa njengemodeli yokunika ingxelo xa usebenzisa ezi ndlela. Moreover, although the model was developed for the nursing discipline, it has potential for use in interprofessional healthcare SBE, highlighting the need for future research initiatives to test the RLC model for interprofessional education.
UPhuhliso kunye noVavanyo lwemodeli ye-RLC ye-RLC ye-RLC yoKhathalelo lokonga kwi-SBE. Uvavanyo lwexesha elizayo / ukuqinisekiswa kwemodeli kuyacetyiswa ukwandisa ngokubanzi ngokwemodeli yemodeli yokusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zokhathalelo lwezempilo kunye neSBEPOOLOL.
Imodeli yaphuhliswa liqela elidibeneyo lokudibana ngokusekwe kwithiyori kunye nomxholo. Ukuphucula ubunyani kunye nokuxhaswa ngokubanzi kwemodeli, ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo aphuculweyo aphuculweyo kwizifundo zokuthelekisa kunokuqwalaselwa kwixesha elizayo.
Ukunciphisa iimpazamo zokuziqhelanisa, iingcali kufuneka zibe nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuqikelela ukuqinisekisa ukwenza izigqibo zeklinikhi. Sebenzisa i-SBCC njengendlela yokunganyaniseki kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kolwazi kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo zezakhono ezifanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa ukuqiqa kweklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, ubume bobuninzi bokuqiqa, ezinxulumene namava angaphambili kunye nokuvezwa, iinguqu kwinqanaba lemodeli yokulinganisa, ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuqikelela kweklinikhi apho kufanelekileyo kwaye yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. izakhono. Ukungazihoyi ezi zinto kunokubangela ukungaphuhli kwaye kukhokele iklinikhi yeklinikhi. Imodeli ye-RLC yaqulunqwa ukuze ijongane nezi zinto zokuphucula ukuqiqa kweklinikhi xa kuthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yentshukumo yeqela. Ukufezekisa le njongo, imodeli ehlanganisana ngaxeshanye idibanisa iPhepha / i-Misus yoVavanyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweTrainenomy yeBloom.
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